In the late 1870s and early 1880s, the Englishwoman's Review a feminist periodical, ran a series of articles examining the organization of Neapolitan schools set up by a group of British middle-class women who had been keen supporters of Giuseppe Garibaldi and the Italian national cause. British women's complicated and fascinating relationships to southern Italy as seen through the eyes of the English women writing in this feminist periodical are the ostensible subject of this article. But it also uses their experiences and their going between two cultures and two nations in-the-making to rethink historical approaches to the cultural politics of nation building. British women clearly saw themselves as nation builders and understood that women's positions in society were an important indication of a nation's strength and civilization. Transforming southern Italian women from what English women writing in the Englishwoman's Review identified as their “semi-Oriental mode of life” to a more civilized, dignified, and ordered way of life would help transform the nation, they argued. Along with Italian nationalists, statisticians and northern politicians, British women helped to circulate and participate in the “southern question” that so dominated nationalist attitudes towards the south in the decades following Italian unification.