Global Politics Research Articles

Examining the contribution of globalization, renewable energy, and economic growth towards CO2 emissions in the G‐7 countries

AbstractMost of the world's developed countries have negative consequences of unbalanced economic growth and environmental sustainability. The current study contributes to the literature by investigating the impacts of sub‐indices of globalization, renewable energy, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in G‐7 countries of United Kingdom, United States, Japan, Canada, France, Italy, and Germany. The article demonstrates the correlation between numerous variables in the G‐7 countries between 1990 and 2020, including GDP per capita growth, CO2 emissions, globalization, and renewable and non‐renewable energy. The Pooled Mean Group (PMG) technique performs significant tests for cross‐sectional dependence, panel unit root, co‐integration, and descriptive statistics. The study results show that environmental pollution rises with economic growth and falls in the presence of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy use, political globalization, and economic globalization lower environmental harm. From the finding, we indicate that we reduce the environmental pollution in the given countries by lowering or raising the factor affecting the country. A globe map was used in the current study to assign the G‐7 nations. Based on the findings, we addressed several policy initiatives.

The Myth of Deglobalization: Multinational Corporations in an Era of Growing Geopolitical Rivalries

Globalization is past its peak, we are told. The rise of populist anti-globalization movements and the return of geopolitical rivalries among great powers in the 2010s has put an end to free-wheeling corporate global capitalism. Or has it? This article summons available data on cross-border corporate investments at the level of countries (balance of payments), firms (subsidiaries and affiliates), and corporate managers (industry surveys). It pays special attention to the period between 2015 and 2021, which spans the election of President Trump and the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic that have unsettled global politics. We analyze global patterns in foreign direct investment positions and in particular the evolution of investments by US corporations in China, arguably a “most likely case” for deglobalization. Our analyses find no evidence that economic cross-border integration is in decline. The global allocation of corporate investments across the world’s major economic regions has remained stable. US corporations have not notably reduced their global activities. If anything, their aggregate investment position in China has increased during the Trump administration’s trade war. Overall, the results cast empirical doubts on prominent narratives about the state of the global economy. Geoeconomic transformations in world economic infrastructures may well be underway, but they are better understood as new and adapted forms of internationalization rather than the end of globalization.

East Asians in the League of Nations: Actors, Empires and Regions in Early Global Politics, edited by Christopher R. Hughes and Hatsue Shinohara

East Asians in the League of Nations: Actors, Empires and Regions in Early Global Politics, edited by Christopher R. Hughes and Hatsue Shinohara

Globalization’s effects on South Asia’s carbon emissions, 1996–2019: a multidimensional panel data perspective via FGLS

Researchers and policymakers hold diverse opinions about the impact of globalization on environmental degradation. Over the past three decades, increased economic, social, and political interconnections have fueled this debate. However, prior studies have largely overlooked these facets of globalization concerning environmental implications, particularly carbon emissions in developing countries. We contribute to this discourse by examining how various aspects of globalization (economic, social, and political) and two specific measures, de facto and de jure trade, influenced carbon emissions in four selected South Asian countries from 1996 to 2019. The results obtained through feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) reveal that economic globalization increases carbon emissions while social and political globalization reduces them. These results further confirm that, in South Asia, the pollution haven hypothesis is associated only with economic globalization. In contrast, social and political globalization support the world polity theory, indicating potential for positive change. The results also show that both de facto and de jure measures of disaggregated globalization equally influence carbon emissions, suggesting a significant impact from policy interventions. For future environmental sustainability, the governments of these nations should intensify their efforts to strengthen social and political globalization. Meanwhile, the adverse effects of economic globalization can be mitigated by reducing reliance on fossil fuels and providing financial assistance to businesses to encourage the use of renewable energy and modern technology in production.

Thresholds to sustainability: Globalization's impact on the institutional quality-ecological footprint nexus in Africa

This study explores how globalization influences the relationship between institutional quality and the ecological footprint in Africa. Utilizing dynamic panel threshold models with data from 49 African countries (2002-2022), we investigate how different types of globalization—economic, social, cultural, and political—affect this relationship. Our findings reveal that the impact of institutional quality on the ecological footprint varies significantly depending on globalization thresholds. Specifically, below certain thresholds, improved institutional quality increases the ecological footprint, whereas above these thresholds, it tends to reduce it. For economic globalization, the threshold is 53.510; for social globalization, 48.332; for cultural globalization, 28.446; and for political globalization, 69.663. These results highlight the need for targeted environmental policies that consider the specific effects of each globalization dimension to effectively manage Africa's ecological footprint. The study contributes to the literature by addressing the complex link between institutional quality and globalization and provides practical insights for policymakers to design more effective sustainability strategies in the African context.

World Society, Cultural Diversity, and Gender Gap in Political Empowerment

Abstract This article studies the interactive effects of world society and cultural diversity on the gender gap in political empowerment. Focusing on the Women’s Share of Seats in National Parliaments (WSSNP) and the Gender Gap in Political Empowerment (GGPE) Index as two main outcome variables, the analyses use a growth curve approach to estimate nations’ trajectories of gender political inequality and explain them by time-invariant and time-varying independent variables. Overall, the results suggest that nations’ level of embeddedness in the world society, measured by the political globalization index of the KOF Swiss Economic Institute, closes the gender gap in political empowerment. Nevertheless, more culturally diverse societies, in terms of the level of religious fractionalization, are more susceptible to the equalizing impacts of globalization on the gender gap in political empowerment. Conversely, culturally homogenous nations appear to show some level of resistance to adopting the gender-equitable values prompted by world culture.

Ripping, cutting, stitching: feminist knowledge destruction and creation in global politics

Ripping, cutting, stitching: feminist knowledge destruction and creation in global politics

Navigating poverty in developing nations: unraveling the impact of political dynamics on sustainable well-being

Political instability, dismal governance, and corruption are among the factors that currently distress poverty. The primary objective of this research was to determine how political factors distress poverty in developing nations, which has perhaps not been investigated yet. The main objective was also to observe if the effect of political factors on poverty is a dilemma or a reality. Poverty (dependent variable) has been divided into two segments: income poverty index and Human Health Poverty Index; however, political factors (independent variables) studied were corruption, democracy, governance, and political globalization. Twenty-six years of data were taken from 1997 to 2022 of twenty-four developing nations. The poverty and institutional quality indices were constructed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The Fixed Effect, System GMM, and 2SLS approaches were used to determine the dynamic impact on poverty. Furthermore, this study incorporated fixed effects with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors to address cross-sectional dependence. The findings indicated that, although there was a significant connection between governance and income and human poverty. Democracy also showed a negative and significant relationship in the income poverty model but insignificant in the human poverty model. Political globalization showed negative and significant associations with poverty models (income and human poverty). Conversely, corruption showed a significant positive relationship in poverty models, i.e., income and human poverty.

Emerging Threats To India’s National Stability

It is known truism that no country can achieve economic growth and resultant prosperity unless it has a wellthought-out plan in place to meet these goals. And, such a plan cannot be achieved unless the country is stable and secure. This prescription is also relevant for India as it stands at the cusp of a greater economic growth and a more prominent role and standing in global politics. As the world enters a new era of global politics, marked by the growing interests and aspirations of the erstwhile colonized nations, the Republic of India stands as a shining example of how a nation, despite all its adverse historical experiences, has been able to make substantial progress in the fields of economy, science and technology, human security and development to the extent of being recognised as an emerging power of the world. Relatedly, the country has had to ensure the availability of requisite conditions to facilitate this progress and continued growth in multiple fields. Further, through optimum usage of its soft and hard power, as well as its value-based attributes such as its multiculturalism, its pluralistic values promoting respect for all religions and furthering the ideals of democracy, India has been able to carve a place for itself on the right side of history in this changing world of geopolitics and geo-economics. However, there are many challenges in the realms of security, both internal and external, which need to be addressed effectively in a timely mannerfor India to make speedy progress and achieve its aspirational goals. Through careful identification and examination of the challenges that India could face in the realms of national security, it is intended to define the means and methods to deal effectively with these challenges so that India can achieve its carefully formulated national goals, interests and objectives in an optimal and timely manner. The agencies concerned of the government will accordingly be able to prepare themselves not only for the challenges of today, but also the future, so that India can achieve its developmental and aspirational goals of becoming a developed country and a major global power by 2047.

Critical Theories Challenge the Normative Bases of Contemporary Global Economical Governance and Help to Imagine Progressive Alternatives

This research explores how critical theory challenges the normative foundations of contemporary global economical governance, offering alternative visions for modern economy, democracy, and human rights. By exposing the hidden assumptions and power structures inherent in neoliberalism, realism, and cosmopolitanism, critical theory critiques the dominant paradigms that shape global politics and economy. It argues for a transformation towards more inclusive, pluralistic, and democratic forms of governance. Through a detailed examination of global institutions like the WTO, UN, and the Paris Agreement, the essay illustrates how these entities reflect and perpetuate global inequalities. Finally, it proposes alternative models that prioritise social and environmental sustainability, citizen participation, and respect for cultural diversity, aiming to inspire transformative change in global governance.

Dealing with dangerous abundance: Towards post-growth International Relations

AbstractEven though International Relations (IR) research increasingly recognises the unprecedented urgency of environmental degradation and the resulting ecological injustices, only few IR scholars have probed into the role of economic growth as a fundamental driver of global unsustainability. We level two critiques at the field of IR from a post-growth perspective. First, most IR theories are complicit in naturalising economic growth as a fundamental condition of global order. Second, IR scholarship has neglected to engage seriously with post-growth thinking. What happens when we start to question the background economic assumptions of the current international system? How might a global politics of post-growth challenge and enrich IR and environmental politics? This Editors Forum brings together a diverse group of scholars from across the globe to reflect on these pertinent questions. As a whole, the Forum begins to address the complicity and neglect critiques. To varying degrees, each contribution considers what IR can learn from post-growth research (both conceptually and empirically), and vice versa. In this introductory article, we set the stage for such an engagement by reviewing an interdisciplinary body of relevant work and synthesising the key contributions from a total of seven Forum articles.

Tourism and uncertainty: a machine learning approach

ABSTRACT In this paper, we attempt to create a unique forecasting model to forecast out-of-sample the tourism demand in 24 European Union countries. The initial dataset included 34 relevant variables of annual frequency that span the period from 2010 to 2020 for 40 countries. A data prefiltering process resulted in a final set of 17 relevant variables for 24 countries. Additionally, in the effort to investigate the impact of uncertainty on international tourism, apart from the traditional factors that affect tourism, we also include variables that measure various forms of uncertainty: we use the World Pandemic Uncertainty (WPU) Index, the Global CBOE Volatility Index, the Political Globalisation Index, the Economic Globalisation Index, and the Political Stability Index. In the empirical part of our research, we employ and compare in terms of their forecasting accuracy a set of six state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms, the Support Vector Regression with both a linear and an RBF kernel, the Random Forests, the Decision Trees, the KNN, and gradient-boosting trees. The results show that the Gradient-Boosting Trees algorithm outperforms the other five models providing the most accurate forecasts with a MAPE of 0.10% and 1.36% in the training and the out-of-sample tests, respectively.

RUSSIA AND CHINA IN THE INTERNATIONAL DIGITAL DOMAIN

The purpose of the research. The article discusses interaction of Russia and China in the digital space and its impact on international relations. The purpose of the study is to analyze the strategies of Russian Federation and China in the digital technologies sphere, including cybersecurity, data protection and digital sovereignty. It is important to predict trends and potential changes in the international digital space, taking into account the growing influence of Russia and China, as well as their possible strategies in the world scene. Results. As a result of the research, the authors come to the conclusion that in the context of an increasingly multipolarity, Russia and China are seeking to expand their influence in the international digital space, which implies the use of various strategies aimed at strengthening their role in the global technology ecosystem. The authors conclude that cooperation between Russia and China in the digital sphere is becoming increasingly close, which can become a significant factor in changing the balance of power in global politics. Both states, using their unique governance models and approaches to digital technologies, have the opportunity to influence the formation of international norms and rules in this area. The study findings highlight the importance of public policy in identifying key challenges and risks associated with digital cooperation between Russia and China, including cyberattacks, data leaks and privacy issues.

Keterkaitan pangan dan politik-ekonomi global

Background: Global food needs will continue to increase, this cannot be separated from the increase in population which has implications for the increase in food needs which until now the world's population has increased. The availability and unavailability of food are related to the relationship between supply and demand in a global context. Findings: The hegemony of food power is not absolutely influenced by food barn countries but global food politics that enter the food chain are one of the developing issues. The control that occurs is not only in the harvesting process but also the process from planting, maintenance, to post-harvest and processing. Therefore, each country has its own unique position even though it does not have a large food barn but is still able to control global food. Methods: This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a primary and secondary database through data collection techniques using interview techniques. Conclusion: Factors that influence food politics and dynamics have a long chain, not only farmers and buyers but there are indirect agents who add to the food process chain. Global policy intervention through institutions is carried out directly on agricultural policies and in general development policies that overall encourage global market agriculture. Support for local agricultural development subsidies and building proxy policies for small farmers when there is a surplus or deficit in supply during exports or imports.

Violence as a Coercive Tool to Establish State Control in Harold Pinter’s One for the Road

After Harold Pinter became a member of PEN and Amnesty International in the early 1980s, he grew interested in global politics and started to openly speak up against human rights violations present in several countries of the world. Then, in 1984, he published One for the Road, which is considered his first overtly political play. Taking place in an unnamed country and historical period to preserve its universality, the play portrays the torture and violence practised by totalitarian regimes against political dissidents. This study examines the use of various forms of violence in the text and analyses their role as the means to establish state control over nonconforming individuals, break their will and coerce them into submission. For this purpose, a socio-political approach is used by employing the Norwegian sociologist Johan Galtung’s theory on violence. The detailed analysis of the play reveals that tyrannical systems dehumanise and debase noncomplying citizens using political ideology as an excuse so that imprisoning and torturing them becomes justifiable.

Revaluing and devaluing higher education beyond neoliberalism: Elitist, productivist, and populist policy and rhetoric in a field of conflict

The transformation of higher education provision by neoliberal values has been well documented. However, recent criticisms and even attacks upon higher education indicate a new politics extending beyond neoliberalism. This article draws on the sociology of conventions to unpick the distinctions at work in these new criticisms of universities. By distinguishing between values based in the market world, industrial world and civic world, we elaborate the political basis of recent value controversies around higher education (HE), reflected in policy and rhetoric. Looking to reject aspects of the neoliberal HE model, some critics have sought to revalue higher education upon productivist values, attacking universities for failing to generate ‘use’ value for students and society. Populist actors have launched stronger criticisms, aiming to revalue higher education on nationalistic and traditional values. This has generated the devaluation of higher education in national public spheres. As higher education has expanded globally, this new politics emerges from conflicts within and between conservative and liberal elites. Trends in Hungary and Brazil indicate the successes and failures of populist attacks on universities. Trends in the United Kingdom and Australia reflect productivist revaluations of market-based HE. Elite revaluation and devaluation is producing an emerging new global politics of HE.

“For them it’s not the work, it’s the life”: humanitarian leadership development in the Global South

What are the leadership development needs of so-called ‘Global South’ humanitarian professionals? The humanitarian professionalisation agenda begun in the 1990s has evolved to include short courses and accredited programmes specifically aiming to build leadership skills. This paper explores how humanitarian professionals from the Global South understand the current context of leadership development, including its barriers of access, and potential for change to be more relevant to their lives and work. Using thematic analysis of eleven key informant interviews, the paper finds three levels of consideration: global politics and inequality, personal and professional enrichment, and practical support. The findings suggest that while humanitarian leadership training can be better tailored and made available to Global South leaders at all career stages, there is a wider, more crucial need to address systemic imbalances. This paper contributes to wider discussion on localisation and inequality in the humanitarian aid sector, and more specifically contributes to the literature on how systemic factors shape the limits of both professionalisation and expansion of humanitarian education initiatives.

Цифровизация международных связей российских регионов (на примере Республики Татарстан)

Being involved in complex processes of global politics, subnational actors face a lot of challenges, including the growing impact of global digitalization of international relations. The subject of this study are issues of practical use of information technologies in paradiplomacy and adequate response by regional authorities to digital transformation of international relations. Studying the case of the Republic of Tatarstan which systematically applies digital technologies in the field of international relations contributed to identifying priority areas for digitalization of paradiplomacy. The study used regulations and state origin documents of federal and regional levels, and materials produced by international organizations. Basic trends of digitalization of paradiplomacy include issues of development and implementation of management decisions based on the interaction of remote partners together with information support for international cooperation. The work considers the variety of implementation of digital technologies, identifies status of communication members in paradiplomacy, and different forms of communication. The importance of integrating electronic document management with information systems to support decision making is substantiated. The issues of creating special purpose information services for participants in foreign economic activity, cultural and humanitarian relations are considered. The experience of the Republic of Tatarstan testifies the need of legal regulation at the regional level to provide efficient use of information technologies by government authorities. Actual areas of digitalization include development of feedback forms with participants in external relations and creating computer systems of processing data sets to substantiate decision-making.

An Exploration of the philosophical values in Western and Eastern traditions: Implications for our understanding of nature

Climate change has become one of the most critical issues in global politics. Despite extensive deliberations among world leaders under the United Nations, no definitive conclusions have been reached. The Kyoto Protocol proposed a top-down approach for states to combat climate change, placing the responsibility for reducing the carbon footprint on the state machinery. However, with the failure of this approach, the world community introduced the Paris Agreement, which adopted a bottom-up approach to combating climate change. This approach aimed to appeal to the consciousness and morality of each human being in addressing climate change by raising higher questions of human existence rather than focusing solely on material needs. The higher questions of human existence are situated in the religious teachings, values and beliefs of the different faiths of the world. The paper seeks to explore the variations in the intrinsic values as proposed by the East and Western philosophies about the world and the role of individuals within the universe. By analysing those values, the paper seeks to explore how such philosophical principles can invoke their reverence for nature among individuals. Such an outlook can encourage people to embrace those notions in their daily lives and thus modify their lifestyle patterns to prevent climate change.

The relationship between economic growth, population, FDI, globalization, and CO2 emissions in OIC member countries

The concentration of CO2 emissions in OIC member countries has decreased over the past decade, the theory of sustainable growth reveals that an increase in the concentration of CO2 emissions can be influenced by various factors such as an increase in the economy, population, FDI, and globalization and vice versa. However, economic growth, population, FDI, and globalization in OIC member countries show an increase, so this fact seems to contradict the sustainable growth theory. Therefore, this study aims to test and analyse the effect of economic growth, population, FDI and globalization on the concentration of CO2 emissions in OIC member countries. This research is a quantitative research. The data analysed are data on economic growth, population, FDI, globalization index, economic globalization, political globalization, and social globalization for 53 OIC member countries in the period 1992 to 2020 obtained from various data sources such as the World Bank, UNTCAD, and KOF Index of Globalization. The data analysis technique used is the GMM system. The results of this study indicate that economic growth and FDI have a positive and significant effect on the concentration of CO2 emissions. While population and globalization show a negative influence on the concentration of CO2 emissions in OIC member countries.