Political Business Research Articles

Social conflicts over the use of water resources in Chile: the role of social movements and business power

ABSTRACT This paper explores conflicts in contemporary Chile between local communities and economic elites over water resources usage, developing a frameworkthat seeks to bridge the gap between the literature on social movements and the scholarly work on business politics. It examines two similar cases. The first case deals with the conflict between large avocado producers and the rural community of Petorca, Central Chile, which has meant water deprivation for the aggrieved community. In the second case, the local community of Aysén, in Chilean Patagonia, successfully challenged business interests by halting a mega-hydroelectric project. We found that local communities can prevail when at least three conditions are met. First, the formation of a broad contingent coalition. Second, the elaboration of collective action frames to mobilise new constituencies. Third, the capacity to forge alliances with elite actors, which enhances the movement’s potential to engage in collective action.

Twitter sentiment analysis for Hausa abbreviations and acronyms

The use of natural language processing, to identify, extract and organize sentiment from user generated texts in social networks, blogs or product review of text is known as sentiment analysis or opinion mining. Hausa language belongs to one of the major well-spoken languages in Africa and one of the three major Nigerian languages. Now investigating into such a language will have significant influence on social, economic business political and even educational services and settings. Some of these Hausa texts are abbreviated and some in acronym format which is a challenge to researchers as such comments are in an unstructured format and needs normalization to get further understanding of that text and also there is scarcity of sentiment analysis on Hausa abbreviation and acronym. Abbreviation is a shorten form of a word while acronym is an abbreviation formed from the initial letters of other words and pronounced as a word. This research aims to develop an improved Hausa Sentiment Dataset for the enhancement of sentiment analysis with abbreviation and acronyms. This is achieved by adapting to the approach for Hausa Sentiment Analysis based on Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB) and Logistic Regression algorithms using the count vectorizer, along with python libraries for NLP. This research affirmed that the improved dataset with abbreviation and acronym outperforms the plain Hausa dataset by 4% in accuracy using Multinomial Naïve Bayes. The result shows that in addition to normal preprocessing techniques of the social media stream, understanding, interpreting and resolving ambiguity in the usage of abbreviations and acronyms lead to improved accuracy of algorithms with evidence in the experimental result.

Business politics is usually about attempts to exert influence rather than power evidence from Australia – ERRATUM

Business politics is usually about attempts to exert influence rather than power evidence from Australia – ERRATUM

Private Power and Public Office: The Rise of Business Politicians in Indonesia

ABSTRACT Scholars have long been preoccupied with the role that capital plays in Indonesia’s democratic institutions. Observers emphasize a tight overlap between the worlds of politics and business, with many describing murky connections and corrupt alliances among state officials, oligarchs, and local bosses. While such relations remain fundamental to Indonesian politics, this paper draws attention to a parallel but under-analyzed transformation of both the social and political status of business actors in contemporary Indonesia. From tech entrepreneurs to mining giants, people with established business careers are increasingly taking up the reins of government. Once considered the inferior political and policy actor during Suharto’s New Order, businesspersons now exercise direct political power and entrepreneurial success is valued, even revered, within political and policymaking circles. While evidence of such changes can be identified at different moments in Indonesia’s recent history, during the presidency of businessperson politician, Joko Widodo, there has been a marked intensification of these trends. Today there is a far broader acceptance of business elites as stewards of state institutions. The result is a fusing of private power and public office in a form, and to a degree, that is unprecedented in Indonesia’s political history.

Local champions and change of governments: a longitudinal analysis of firms’ political ties in Gaziantep, Turkey

Abstract This article examines business–politics ties during a shift from multi-party politics to competitive-authoritarian rule in Turkey. We conducted a longitudinal investigation of the political ties and performance ranking of top manufacturing firms in a provincial industrial centre, Gaziantep. The analysis demonstrates that major power transitions in centre politics elicited variegated local responses and intra-group contestations. The leading business elites sustained political capital through a multi-scalar diversification of political ties. Using an agent, network, and institutions framework, we highlight the political dynamics behind sub-national growth trajectories, and contribute to scholarship on urban party politics and elite localism in economic geography.

Business politics is usually about attempts to exert influence rather than power evidence from Australia

AbstractWe argue that the everyday language distinction drawn between power and influence is meaningful and significant. There is good reason to believe that much corporate lobbying activity which is currently described under the heading of business power is better understood as attempts to secure negotiated agreements based on exerting influence rather than power and that the latter is usually used only when attempts to use influence have failed. We develop an analytical distinction between influence, understood as successful efforts at persuasion, and power using Keith Dowding’s work on power. Drawing upon findings from interviews with corporate professionals operating at the coalface of business and government interaction in Australia, we show that lobbyists generally seek “quiet” behind-the-scenes accommodations with governments via attempts to exert influence rather than power.

Remaking “Small Business” in Turkey: Critical Assessment of Small Business Politics Under the AKP Rule

ABSTRACT The capital accumulation in Turkey was notably bolstered by the substantial involvement of small-scale trade and manufacturing activities yet significant changes in the realm of small business politics have occurred since the 1980s, culminating in the restructuring of small enterprises as a viable business model through a series of socio-political and economic shifts. As for the 2000s, this period has witnessed a heightened emphasis on entrepreneurial rhetoric where sectoral inequalities have affected the model of small businesses through a range of institutional-legal policies and financial adjustments compatible with the consumption-led growth model during the AKP era. While the policies aligned with the demands of global trade have indeed created a favorable environment for capital accumulation, but introduced a range of new competition dynamics and complexities among the sectors and have forged new alliances within the small businesses, alongside giving rise to emerging conflicts.

Analisis Politik Dalam Bisnis Pada Era Globalisasi

The purpose of this study is as a foundation to find out how business politics occur in today's digitalization era. The discussion focused on seeing how business can develop in the era of globalization and digitalization while maintaining the basis / rules of doing business. So based on the results and discussion of this study, it can be concluded that politics in doing business in the era of globalization still occurs.

Editorial Presentation - Perspectives on innovation governance: challenges and dilemmas

Editorial Presentation - Perspectives on innovation governance: challenges and dilemmas

Big Pride, Little Pride, and the Cunning of (In)Visibility in the Southern Caribbean

This essay explores the history, politics, and practice of global-style Pride in Trinidad and Tobago. It distinguishes between “Big” and “Little” forms of Pride and emphasizes that Pride did not emerge with the advent of a parade and day of high-profile visibility in 2018 after a successful High Court challenge to remove homophobic anti-sodomy and related laws in this twin-island postcolonial Republic, but developed over decades of organizing and intervention in lower-profile and more inwardly community-oriented ways, setting the foundation for the new institutional form and full-scale public orientation of #PrideTT. Once conjured, Trinbagonian Big Pride was paradoxically successful vis-à-vis the nation at large, yet also beset by tension, conflict, and schism within. I show how the pattern and structure of this dissension and debate embody wider global currents in the geopolitics of late modern sexuality as well as reflect local parameters and vicissitudes that make the politics of visibility and representation tricky business and far from an unalloyed good. #PrideTT is symptomatic of the changing and contested global political economy of queer visibility and sexual citizenship dramatized by being played in local keys and rhythms, thereby undermining the assumption that Pride is progress.

Business politicians and fiscal consolidation

AbstractWhat explains the variation in countries’ propensity to engage in austerity policy? Economic and political country-level factors are the paramount explanations in the literature. Nevertheless, variation in fiscal preferences at the executive level remains underexplored, except for ideology. Moreover, budget decisions are endogenous to the state of the economy, thus casting doubt on standard measures based on the debt and/or deficit ratio. This article contributes to the literature in two ways. First, I turn to the individual level of analysis and suggest that leaders with business experience are more likely to pursue a balanced budget and tend to implement fiscal consolidation policies based on spending cuts. Second, I ease concerns about individuals’ self-selection into office by relying on fiscal adjustments that are weakly orthogonal to the economic cycle. The statistical analysis of a panel of 17 OECD countries between 1978 and 2014 confirms the theoretical expectations. The results are robust to a variety of specification and statistical methodologies and hold for a subset of as-if random leadership transitions following close elections. A case study of Brian Mulroney's governments in Canada (1984–93) further illustrates the argument.

The production of rightlessness: palm oil companies and land dispossession in Indonesia

ABSTRACT Addressing the comparative study of global land grabbing, this article seeks to explain the relative ease with which palm oil companies dispossess rural Indonesians of their land. Employing detailed documentation of 150 conflicts between rural communities and palm oil companies, we analyse both the actual processes through which companies acquire land as well as the legal provisions that facilitate these processes. We argue that palm oil companies are succeeding in dispossessing rural Indonesians because of the ways in which formal regulations and informal machinations have produced rightlessness. This rightlessness has three main sources: curtailed land rights, ‘backdoored’ legal protections, and collusive business–politics relationships which enable companies to evade regulations. We draw attention to the varying role of the state in processes of dispossession: compared to ‘regimes of dispossession’ elsewhere, companies rather than the state organize the actual land dispossession. This smaller role of the state disadvantages affected communities.

Caught in the Revolving Door: Firm-Government Employee Mobility as a Fleeting Regulatory Advantage

How does the exchange of employees between regulatory agencies and regulated firms (i.e., the firm-government revolving door) affect firm regulatory outcomes? Existing work has mostly found a positive impact of revolving door hiring on firm outcomes, but it has overlooked potential limitations of this corporate political activity (CPA) tactic. We argue that the advantages firms can gain from hiring former regulators are bound by the timing of revolving door employment relative to the regulatory process. Within the context of agribiotechnology and its main regulator, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, we study regulators who move to in-house and contract lobbying positions (i.e., exit revolving door). We find that firms receive better regulatory outcomes (i.e., faster regulatory approval for new crops) only prior to the regulators’ move to in-house lobbying, consistent with the regulatory capture perspective. Moreover, this revolving door was only valuable in the time period immediately before the mobility event. Additionally, contrary to the belief that former regulators provide firms with expertise and social capital as lobbyists, we find that firms did not gain any advantage after regulators became lobbyists. Taken together, our results suggest that revolving doors can be an effective business political mobilization strategy, albeit one that has limited success in shaping firm government outcomes, much like other types of CPA. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1669 .

Executives in Politics

We study the involvement of corporate executives in U.S. politics over the last 40 years. First, we document that the share of business politicians in federal elected office increased from 13.3% in 1980% to 22.6% in 2018, with most of the increase occurring over the last two decades. Second, we find that business politicians enjoy an early fundraising advantage over their opponents, both because they are more likely to self-fund their campaigns and because they receive more campaign contributions from their firms. Third, the election of business politicians benefits their industries and firms, which experience positive abnormal stock returns when their executives win political office. We also show that business politicians, once elected, vote for policies that shift the balance of power toward corporate interests. Using close elections for identification, we show that this policy shift cannot be attributed solely to the changes in the underlying preferences of the electorate. Overall, our results indicate that corporate executives have become more involved in U.S. politics and that this involvement has benefited business interests and affected aggregate legislative outcomes. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance. Funding: The authors thank the Digital Age Management Research Area at the China Europe International Business School (CEIBS) and Centre for Applied Research on International Markets, Banking, Finance and Regulation (BAFFI CAREFIN) at Bocconi University for financial support. The Area and the Center played no role in study design, data collection and analysis, or preparation of the manuscript. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4595 .

Large firms in Australian politics: the institutional dynamics of the government relations function

ABSTRACT Corporate political activity by large firms has increased in a range of western countries and in Australia. There has also been an increased tendency for large firms to lobby individually on firm-centred agendas. Both trends have seen large firms engaging in institutional adaptation, primarily through developing dedicated government relations functions (GRF). The last research on this topic in Australia was thirty years ago (Bell and Warhurst [1993]. “Business Political Activism and Government Relations in Large Companies in Australia.” Australian Journal of Political Science 28: 201–220.) and this paper updates this earlier research. It also frames the relevant developments as an important set of institutional challenges, not only for government relations (GR) managers within corporate hierarchies, but also in interacting with and influencing other key institutional interlocutors, especially government policy makers. The way in which GR managers deal with such challenges through building supportive relations with key internal and external interlocutors, and especially how this shapes the business-government relationship more broadly, is a key focus of the paper.

Business Political Oligarchy’s Involvement and the State’s Role in Exporting Lobster Seeds

Background: The monopoly on freight forwarding services, the monopoly on lobster seed export permits, the evidence of corruption cases that indicted Edhy Prabowo, and the involvement of a string of Gerindra public policy party officials in the case are all symptoms of business political oligarch involvement, which can be seen from the extreme forces concentrated into several hands undermining public policy. Aim: The researcher was interested in the role played by oligarchs and the state in the permitting of the export of lobster seed under President Joko Widodo's administration, as well as the state's capacity to exert control over oligarchs. Method: This study uses qualitative research with primary and secondary data sources using the interview method. This thesis is based on an analysis of the theory of the state and power, public policy and oligarchy. Findings: The extreme pressures concentrated into a few hands corrupting public policy can be observed as the involvement of business and political oligarchs in the case of lobster seed export approvals. Oligarchs are affected if money power creates a beneficial distortion for the select few who utilize their wealth to get results. Additionally, if everything is settled and paid for with money, oligarchy power is being displayed.

FINANCIAL LEADERSHIP POLICIES GOVERNING ECOTOURISM MANAGEMENT IN GLOBAL FIRMS ACROSS ASIA

In this study, there is an introduction that talks about “ecotourism management” and financial leadership with its concept. The aspect of this topic has increased in recent years and the initiatives of CSR for the financial management of this tourism sector have been taken. There are several pieces of information with data related to the ecotourism business that have been given in this part. The factors that have helped to enhance this business in the recent few years have been discussed here. In the literature review, there is the concept of different types of financial leadership qualities that may help to manage the business of tourism has been discussed. The external and internal politics of the financial business that may help to enhance the business or to maintain the business have been discussed. Decision-making is a factor that has a great effect on handling a business well-mannered and the leaders of the business should have this quality to continue this business. The recruitment of talented employees and the management of them with attractive packages may help to enhance the quality of this business and this may be fruitful for increasing the productivity of this business. Organizational management has great importance in the business and the leaders of the organization should have the personality to manage the situation of the business if faced at any time. The aim of the project is to know the policies of the leaders of the management of the ecotourism business market. Organizations should take different strategies that may enhance their business or enhance the market of the ecotourism business. The importance of the ecotourism business and the impact on the market of the economic situation of the country has been stated here. The advantages of the business of ecotourism and the limitation of the business have been described here in detail. The process of enhancing this business also has been given in this part in detail. The help of the leadership policies in the management of ecotourism and the process of management of it has been described in this part. The themes of this study due to changes in business circumstances, external and internal policies of the financial business take place through effective communication. With the help of the decision-making process, leadership in the eco-tourism sector takes place. In the methodology section, the primary data collection method takes place where all the data information, as well as data, take from a survey. SPSS were to analyze all the information that related to this topic. Qualitative data analysis took place for better analysis of this topic. Here is a correlation taking place between dependent and independent variables with the help of structural equation modelling. There is a factor which is related to the financial “responsibility” that takes place in leadership policies by the help of the statistical analysis. There is a conclusion of the total study and there is a summary of the project. The aims and the objectives have been fulfilled in this study the description of them has been given here. There are some recommendations that may help to enhance the financial business of ecotourism.

The Hustla Playbook: Negotiating the Business Politics of Reggae in the Jamaican Rock Music Scene

Abstract The hustla philosophy of the Jamaican economy advocates the use of innovative and/or illicit methods to negotiate the harsh economic realities of the society. From two years of ethnographic fieldwork in Jamaica, I gleaned that local musicians applied this philosophy to support themselves and family. Most notably, local rock musicians used this mindset to survive their disadvantageous position on the periphery of the Jamaican reggae industry. They earned this status because their merger of “foreign” genres with reggae was perceived as undermining the cultural heritage of the Black populace. As a result, my analysis interrogates the attempts of rock musicians to secure work and legitimacy in a precarious and prejudicial job market. Institutionalized prejudices limited the popularity of local rock music and enforced repressive scripts. Despite these disadvantages, the Jamaican rock scene has made major contributions to the music economy by merging rock music with reggae and facilitating innovation and creativity within the contemporary Reggae Revival.

ATTITUDE TOWARDS POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT AMONG WOMEN IN SOUTHEAST NIGERIA

The political landscape of Nigeria and the world, in general, has witnessed a declined presence of women in the system. The trend has generated considerable concern from numerous scholars. However, a growing intimation suggests that women are currently making headways to politics. This development is evident in the political arena of southeast Nigeria. Thus, the papers purpose was to explore the overall attitudes of women in the southeast towards political participation. Five hundred and sixteen women were randomly pooled from different locations in three southeast states to participate in the study. The respondents completed a self-report measure of attitude towards political participation. The result indicates that a majority of the respondents,78.3% with MD=0.98, showed a positive attitude towards political participation than 21.7% of their counterparts. It concluded that attitude is an essential component in the women-politics relationship. It is recommended that women be supported to participate in political business.

Whose fault is it? Loan defaults at the Devkhand bank, India

Learning outcomes Through this case, the students will be able: to study how developments in the external environment impact businesses, in general, and banking sector, in particular, banks/banking, environmental management, financing/borrowing, government, political business risk and politics; to identify the politico-legal constituents of the external environment which significantly influence businesses; and to analyse the pros and cons of loan-waivers as a policy decision on various stakeholders including banks, borrowers, governments as well as the larger society. Case overview/synopsis The case is symptomatic of the dilemmas faced by the Indian bank employees, in charge of loan-disbursals, torn between seemingly contradictory demands from their top management and the governments. Complexity academic level The case is meant to be used in the course on “Business Environment” both at the UG and PG levels. It can be used along with the module on “External Environment and its Constituents” to augment students’ understanding of the “Impact of Political Environment on Business.” The case can also enrich the class discussion on the PEST (politico-legal/economic/socio-cultural/technological) framework for analysing the forces in the external environment acting upon a business. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 4: Environmental Management.