Political Wisdom Research Articles

Francis Bacon’s legislative work

The article examines the scholarly work of the eminent English thinker, statesman, and lawyer F. Bacon, aimed at improving the existing legislation and legal procedures in England.
 The article states that F. Bacon, in all senior State positions, not only showed a constant interest in legal problems, but also took an active part in the implementation of legal acts in the political and legal sphere of the State.
 It is stated that F. Bacon has been actively engaged in the elimination of outdated and contradictory laws and regulations and in the creation of new ones that correspond to existing socio-political and economic realities, and also served to strengthen the power of the State and the welfare of its citizens.
 The article establishes that F. Bacon, in his academic and theoretical activities, not only acts as a legal theorist, but he actively participates in legislative activities as a member of Parliament in the Lower House, where he has served for many years as its recognized leader.
 The thinker actively participates in trials where he acts as a lawyer. He shows great erudition and oratory talent.
 It is stated that in the position of Extraordinary Crown Counsel, F. Bacon demonstrates not only high professionalism, but also political wisdom, deep insight into existing socio-political and legal issues, Flexibility in dealing with complex legal problems and the ability to forecast in depth.
 It has been established that in his position as Chief Legal Officer, Crown Counsel, F. Bacon has worked intensively and creatively to assemble and draft a single Code of Laws for England. He spent many years codifying English law.
 Emphasis was placed on the fact that all of F. Bacon’s theoretical, scientific and political activities were aimed at creating a legal framework that would provide a solid basis for dealing with complex socio-economic, political Moral and ethical problems and other problems, and activities aimed at providing legal support for the development of the economy, industry, agriculture, crafts and trade.
 The article emphasizes that F. Bacon creatively and dialectically linked political issues, Economy and law and their implementation in legislation and law-making aimed primarily at strengthening the power and defence capability of the State, especially the active construction of naval and merchant fleets and the expansion of trade relations with other countries.
 Bacon has devoted all his talent and energy to building a solid legislative framework as an important factor in solving complex problems of development of society and law.

Henry Adams: The Political Wisdom of His Biography, History, and Freedom

This review essay considers two recent publications: David S. Brown’s The Last American Aristocrat: The Brilliant Life and Improbable Education of Henry Adams, and Ormond Seavey’s Henry Adams in Washington: Linking the Personal and Public Lives of America’s Man of Letters. Henry Adams was the descendant of two American presidents (John Adams and John Quincy Adams) and raised in the revolutionary atmosphere that continued to linger in New England at the time of Adams’s birth in 1838. Yet, by the time of his death in 1918, the republic that his great-grandfather helped to found had been transformed into a large, industrial democracy poised to become one of the twentieth century’s superpowers. Brown, a historian, and Seavey, a literary critic, offer insight into the remarkable life and works of a very private man from one of America’s most public families.

Hythlodaeus' Second Marathon Sentence of 926 Words and the “Contextual Launch” of the Utopia

This article is a follow-up to a previous one in Moreana 51 (2014), which provided a detailed analysis of the immediately preceding 464-word sentence. The two sentences placed near the end of Utopia I work together to illustrate the political wisdom (in both domestic and foreign affairs) which the fictional Hythlodaeus has acquired in his travels, and at the same time encourage readers of Utopia to look forward to, and to accept the wisdom of the Utopians way of life as a positive model for Europe. There is an undoubted harmony between the sensible practices of the “Achorians” and “Macarians” and More's political philosophy as revealed in his epigrams. Nevertheless, the two long sentences also function as praeambula to the full-length account of the Utopians, and they are meant to guide our interpretation. The details of their structure, here analyzed, bring about certain rhetorical effects. In a crescendo of irony, the long sentences establish a rather peculiar character for Hythlodaeus as the sole narrator of Utopia II: he is an independent, utterly frank witness to this fictional “reality” of More's creation, and by the end of Utopia I we readers are prepared to listen to Utopia II with very critical ears indeed.

Rereading Jalāl al-Dīn al-Rūmī’s Wisdom Approach to Justice and Injustice

This paper discusses the wisdom approach to justice and injustice of Jalāl al-Dīn al-Rūmī, one of the greatest Sufi sages of all times. This famous Sufi master, in his background, was an eminent social thinker, intellectual, and especially a law scholar. Thus, it is not surprising that he dealt with these terms, which were critical concepts in past political thought in the West and the East, extensively in his works. Firstly, as a method, the study traces these two concepts in al-Rūmī’s works and mainly Masnavi. Then it connects them with their contemporary use. It is understood from al-Rūmī’s definitions of them, metaphors and stories accompanied by messages to judges and politicians, that he uses the concept of justice, especially in the sense of today’s rule of law and protection of human rights, and injustice in the sense of human rights violations and totalitarian policies. When we reread and rethink al-Rūmī’s mentioned concepts in this way, his political wisdom can inspire and guide both today’s Islamic world and humanity to overcome their challenges in these crucial areas.

Fiscal Integration in an Experimental Union: How Path-Breaking Was the EU's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Fiscal Integration in an Experimental Union: How Path-Breaking Was the EU's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Women’s autonomy and its impact on environmental sustainability agenda

Women’s autonomy remains under pressure from male dominancy in corporate business and household affairs. Women possess natural, analytical, social, political, and economic autonomy that acknowledges the United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDG-5) to empower women and girls in inclusive business. The study analyzes different aspects of women’s autonomy in corporate business and the natural environment, leading to sustainable business outcomes in China between 1975 and 2019. In practice, Chinese women’s political power in the decision-making process is minimal. It needs to restructure its socio-political autonomy to move toward the SDG-5 agenda. The results show that women have the political wisdom to handle corporate sustainability affairs, manage matters of corporate environmental responsibility, and increase their participation in the workforce, enabling them to sustain their lives as knowledge workers. Corporate women hold more stewardship values than men, enabling them to handle corporate sustainability matters.

NADİR ŞAHIN DÖVLƏTÇİLİK ƏZMİ

The article "Nadir Shah's determination to statehood" is a scientific analysis of Nadir Shah's legacy of statehood, his historical perspectives, and state-building resources in general, who fought strongly and decisively for the ideas of Azerbaijanism and the renaissance of statehood. In short, the exceptional services of this great and powerful commander in the history of Azerbaijan have been studied from a wide angle. The article highlights Nadir Shah's success, ability and restraint in state and military affairs as a special case. It is not overlooked that these processes played a significant role in the Shah's determination to win, emphasizing security as a key issue. It turns out that Nadir Shah, like Shah Khatai, had always considered the internal strife that dragged our country into the abyss to be extremely urgent, and used his political wisdom, rich management experience, rescue and creative mission to conquer large areas in difficult, extreme conditions. Basically, he took decisive steps to solve these fateful tasks quickly, and the implementation of his multi-vector action plan was one of the important tasks for Nadir Shah at that time. Key words: Nadir Shah, Tahmasib, Khatai, statehood, warlord

How Gabriel Harvey read tragedy*

AbstractIn 1579, Gabriel Harvey bound together in a composite collection a surprising group of texts: an Italian grammar, an Italian translation of Terence’s comedies, Lodovico Dolce’s Italian rifacimenti of Euripides’ Medea and Seneca’s Thyestes, and Euripides’ Hecuba and Iphigenia in Erasmus’ Latin. The volume is now dispersed, but all its parts survive. This essay explores the story of this hitherto unknown artefact and what it reveals about Harvey’s reading practices and his engagement with drama, especially Greek tragedy. Parsing the elaborate system of signs with which Harvey multifariously annotated these works, it argues that he read tragedies with an emphasis on situation and utterance rather than extractable sententiae, as has been suggested. Harvey probed local detail in the tragedies with attentiveness, and with an eye to recurring observations that revealed the ‘thought’ of these works. He was drawn especially to the political dimension of this ‘thought’. Reading tragedies in juxtaposition, he became interested in their different exploration of rulers’ obligation to rule by their people’s consent. And he found Euripides’ plays particularly endowed with political wisdom, no doubt partly because he believed that they had been co‐authored by Euripides’ mentor and Harvey’s own icon of pragmatic wisdom, Socrates.

Ferdowsi and scheme of ideal policy in Shahnamen from ancient history to the era coincided to his life

Shahnameh is one of the world’s best works, which on the one hand as a comprehensive view, it covers the history of Iran from ancient times till poet era and on the other hand, by reporting the actions of the ancient kings, it reveals the heart of the previous predecessors and with a symbolic language within myths and legends, to offer its sublime message to improve human life. Ferdowsi presents the scheme of ideal policy in Shahnameh, which Its main goal is to achieve the best kind of political system for the public welfare in the society and the world. It is based on popular support, political legitimacy, and religious knowledge, which reflects both the relationship between the government and the people and addresses the factors for the separation between them in a rational way. Ferdowsi considers justice as the most fundamental categories of the political system in Shahnameh and he measures the performance of just or oppressive kings with it. He considers rebellious power and its density as a cause of destruction and corruption of the society. He praises the just behavior based on his Islamic beliefs and past divine (Ahurai) norms. Ferdowsi’s goal of an ideal policy is the proper management of society based on the methods of democracy, justice, meritocracy, and law, which shows the political wisdom of Iranians in the past and also reflects the association between religion and politics in the administration of the country. Key words: Shahnameh, Ferdowsi, Ideal Politics, Epic, Myth.

PEMIKIRAN K.H. A.WAHID HASYIM TENTANG RELASI ISLAM DAN NEGARA

This article describes the thought and political wisdom of K.H.A. Wahid Hasyim about the relationship between Islam and the state. As one of the founders of the Nation, A. Wahid Hasyim was known as a true nationalist figure. This is among others can be seen from its acceptance of the overall chest to the deletion of the Jakarta Charter and the entire formula that explicitly contains Islam in the opening and body/main text of UUD 1945. Although he was one of the people who persistently proposed Islam as the basis of the country, but in his perspective, the unity of the nation of Indonesia is much more important than formal recognition of Islam. The acceptance of Pancasila and the UUD 1945 by A. Wahid Hasyim (as well as several Islamic figures at the time) signifies that they are willing to sacrifice for the interes of the nation. Keywords: ideologization of Islam, formalization, state, nationalism

Role of Pakistan Peoples' Party in the Political Development in Pakistan. An Appraisal of Asif Ali Zardari Period (2008-2013)

The denial of the institutionalization of political power by various civilian as well as martial law regimes has been a constant problem in Pakistan. Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the first person who could do so in an effective manner, but his eternal departure in the early phase of the history of Pakistan changed the entire course of the country, and the successor leadership had to pursue self-serving politics just to prolong their rule. The same is the case with the rule of General Pervaiz Musharraf (1999-2008), which converted the parliamentary system envisaged by the 1973 constitution of Pakistan into a quasi-presidential system just to prolong the military dictatorship. The subsequent rule of the Pakistan Peoples' Party (2008-2013) was a tough period for the political leadership since the preceding dictatorship had completely altered the socio-political landscape of the country; however, the political wisdom of Mr. Asif Ali Zardari helped the country to sail smoothly during the aftershocks of the martial law regime. In that perspective, the current study intends to analyze the political developments in Pakistan during the third rule of the Pakistan Peoples' Party over the country during the period 2008-2013.

Nathaniel Bacon, John Milton, and the idea of an English climate and “constitution”

ABSTRACT This paper seeks, firstly, to reinstate the Suffolk lawyer and MP Nathaniel Bacon (1593-1660) whose ideological as well as political importance has been neglected, and, secondly, to propose that his 1647 tract in support of the parliamentary cause may have been an additional prompt to John Milton’s work on his History of Britain, which dates from this period, and which counters the elder statesman’s view of the Saxons as furnishing a legimitising native model of parliamentary government. In what may, in turn, have been a response to Milton, Bacon, in a “summary Conclusion” to The Continuation of this tract (1651), counters the received view of the English/British as courageous but politically unskilled inhabitants of the cold North, which Milton reiterates, notably in the “Digression” to book 3 of his History. Asserting rather the “middle temper” of the people of England Bacon claims for them a native political wisdom like that of Aristotle’s Hellenic race with whom they share a “consanguinity”, while Milton urges the need to look to continental Europe for political as well as cultural models. The stakes of Bacon’s claims are pointed up by their appropriation to support the opposite cause by monarchists who share his nativist ideology, which is not shared by Milton as it is not shared by the monarchist William Temple whose position with respect to the continent of Europe aligns him rather with Milton. The perceived relation of England to its continental European neighbours thus cuts across the political divide between monarchists and parliamentarians.

Significant Motifs in a Contemporary Television Series

In this article, we concentrate our attention around some topics which are intrinsically contingent to the state of mind of the contemporary TV series production consumer. Here we try to comprehend some common features, motifs, signs, the meaning of which is not certain; nevertheless, they are present in almost every TV series of our times. We attempt at tracing some significant motifs in the final seasons of such different TV series products as the “Game of Thrones”, “Vikings”, and Norwegian “Okkupert”. The first of them belongs to the genre of fantasy, the second to the historical reconstruction, and the third one is a spurious attempt at modelling the near future where Russia occupies Norway. Nevertheless, we see some motifs, both visual and verbal, permeating all the three TV series worlds.Let us enumerate some of them. Their range extends from the maxims of political wisdom to simple heathen mythological symbols (e.g. ravens). In our humble opinion, those signs are almost indexal. Their meaning is void of deepness; signs simply refer to other signs of the outer reality, so we have a reference point to start with. So we have some grounds to believe their message.First of all, their range comprises basic fears of contemporary reality. It does not matter in what imaginary world we find them. Fantasy, as well as pseudo-history, refers to the actual challenges of today as effectively as the TV series situated in. We have political fears, such as Russian invasion, and the TV series “Vikings” reflects it as well as the Norwegian “Okkupert”. We have ecological fears, and the “Game of Thrones” reflects them as well. We have epidemiological fears, but the “Game of Thrones” copes with them easily.We regard this type of signs or motifs as necessary points of attraction, hints of reality, which make identification possible.The TV series analyzed here were heavily criticized by Facebook users, especially the 8th season of the “Game of Thrones”. Nevertheless, we can make precisely these Facebook activities a criterion of taking a TV series into account as important. They produce memes and give people useful opportunities to comment such actual events as elections or other political activities through them. Significant motifs which are recognizable in many contemporary contexts facilitate this use of TV series as a comment to reality.Manuscript received 01.05.2020

Binary Oppositions in Zoroastrianism and 'The Others' of them. Zoroaster/Pars Mithras/Media

Zoroaster set up foundation of dualism and »binary opposition« of Iranian wisdom. There are goodness and »Ahura« (God) at one end of this extreme and evil and Ahriman (Satan) at other. Based on hierarchical structure of galaxy (celestial) and heaven, we see »Amshaspends« (Amesha spenta. Seven Angels) at top goodness end of this opposition and according to terrestrial order, we see terrestrial order and social agreement at evil end. The markers of this opposition are soul VS body, light VS darkness, cow VS lion, snake VS eagle and happiness VS ethical restrictions. This article aims at finding rules hidden in Zoroaster's political theology and its binary opposition, its signs and way that goodness and positive signs found meaning against the others or evil in Iranian wisdom set. Further, it wants to find political and historical roots of this ideology and its relation with action and reaction of two ethnic groups of Fars and Kurd, that is, through discovery of negative and evil side of Zoroastrianism, the other or anti-Iranian of Iranian political wisdom is revealed. Zoroastrianism formed foundation of Iranian political wisdom and hided its possible domination and removal of anti-Iranian, e.g. Kurds in backstage of goodness and evil ideology of Zoroaster and abstracted ethnic/political struggle into a totemic one. As inferred from philosophy of Nietzsche and Hegel, Zoroaster is forerunner of God of »Apollonian« and history, »the other« of Zoroastrianism is also »the other« of history and metaphysics.(1)This article is a small part of my book: Iranian Political Ration and Kurdish Identity Search: (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08QW5RCQV/ref=cm_sw_r_wa_awdb_imm_t1_k1Z3Fb20B5MQK)

Democracy, Capacity, and Coercion in Pandemic Response: COVID-19 in Comparative Political Perspective.

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged governments around the world. It also has challenged conventional wisdom and empirical understandings in the comparative politics and policy of health. Three major questions present themselves: First, some of the countries considered to be most prepared-having the greatest capacity for outbreak response-have failed to respond effectively to the pandemic. How should our understanding of capacity shift in light of COVID-19, and how can we incorporate political capacity into thinking about pandemic preparedness? Second, several of the mechanisms through which democracy has been shown to be beneficial for health have not traveled well to explain the performance of governments in this pandemic. Is there an authoritarian advantage in disease response? Third, after decades in which coercive public health measures have increasingly been considered counterproductive, COVID-19 has inspired widespread embrace of rigid lockdowns, isolation, and quarantine enforced by police. Will these measures prove effective in the long run and reshape public health thinking? This article explores some of these questions with emerging examples, even amid the pandemic, when it is too soon to draw conclusions.

The familiar stranger of mental health

PurposeThis paper aims to contribute to the debate about the closure of institutional mental health-care facilities, from an experiential perspective of a former mental health inpatient, ongoing service user and campaigner for retention of such facilities. It argues that auto-ethnographic accounts of mental illness by those with multiple social identities can have a greater role in terms of future training of mental health-care professionals.Design/methodology/approachThe paper offers an experiential account of the impact of mental health facility bed closures as a patient admitted to institutional mental health facilities; as a mental health campaigner, fighting for the provision of both places of safety and “safe space” within his own local community; and as an ongoing service user. The research is in the interpretivist tradition of social science in taking an auto-ethnographical methodological stance.FindingsThis paper is underpinned by two key theoretical notions. Firstly, Stuart Hall’s concept of the Familiar Stranger (2017) is used to explore the tensions of self-identity as the author SHIFTS uncomfortably between his three-fold statuses. Secondly, the notion of “ontological insecurity” offered by Giddens (1991) is used with the paper exploring the paradox that admission to a mental health facility so-called “place of safety” is in fact itself a disorientating experience for both patient and carer(s).Research limitations/implicationsNo positivistic claims to reliability, representativeness or generalisability can be made. It is the authenticity of the account which the reader feels should be afforded primacy in terms of its original contribution to knowledge.Practical implicationsThis paper should have practical use for those tasked with developing educational and training curriculums for professionals across the mental health-care sector.Social implicationsThis paper implicitly assesses the political wisdom of the policy of mental health bed closures within the wider context of the deinstitutionalisation movement.Originality/valueThis paper is underpinned by original experiential accounts from the author as patient, campaigner for places of safety and onging service-user of mental health care provision.

Evaluation and Strategy of New-type Urbanization Policy Based On S-CAD Method - A Case Study of Wuhan, China

Using S-CAD policy evaluation method to carry out effect, economic and feasibility analysis on Wuhan’s new urbanization policy, the evaluation results show that the logic, needs and feasibility of the policy elements are good, and the adequacy of the policy chain is relatively inadequate, Wuhan’s various policies promote new-type urbanization effectively and implement the central-level strategies and goals. The next step is to increase efforts to promote equalization of public services, regional coordinated development, and urban quality improvement. Through the case study of Wuhan, it is verified that the S-CAD method is a meta-method and policy evaluation system that combines political wisdom and scientific knowledge, taking into account qualitative judgment and quantitative analysis, and can be applied to the evaluation of new urbanization construction in cities.

The poetics and politics of ‘progress’ in neoliberal India: The state and its margins in Shanghai (2012)

The contemporary Indian state is exemplified by contradictions. Its workings are marked by a simultaneous retreat and deepening of state power under neoliberalism as well as burgeoning governmentalities that both produce and police political dissent. Such framings of the state problematize received political wisdom on the relations between centre and margin, state and government, citizen and subject. Anthropological approaches to the state map out its complex organizational logics, which are further embedded in the exercise of power and violence. Drawing on such approaches, this article examines the 2012 Indian film Shanghai, directed by Dibakar Banerjee. Based on Greek author Vassilis Vassilikos’ 1966 novel Z, Shanghai represents the contemporary neoliberal Indian state’s workings in the fictitious periurban town of Bharatnagar, slated to become a world-class Special Economic Zone. However, when a left-wing activist opposing land acquisition is fatally injured in an ‘accident’, a state bureaucrat’s investigation unravels how the onward march of pragati (‘progress’) is undergirded by violence. Taking Shanghai as an example of ‘realist fiction’, I examine both representations and realities of the neoliberal Indian state using a thick and nuanced reading of the film’s narrative, cinematic details, context and characters, situating them in anthropological discussions on the state and its margins in contemporary India.

Providing General Excerpt of Philosophy for the First Time Readers

The purpose of this writing was to provide general excerpt of philosophy for the first time readers. This general excerpt of philosophy will minimize fundamental misunderstanding of philosophy. As my observation and experience, most of the time, in my country, Ethiopia and in my continent, Africa, individuals who are not study and know philosophy as a discipline, have not idea of what philosophy means. Even if they have idea of philosophy, their idea is out of the truck. For them everything is philosophy. Poem, dance, conversation and etc… are philosophy. The poet, the dancer, the informer and the talkative are philosophers. However, philosophy is not talking of trash events. It does not mean ordinary dialogue rather it is hard science which typically has its own scientific procedure and scientific investigation. Philosophers are persons who deal with science of wisdom: wisdom of knowledge, reality, ethics, politics and beauty. Accordingly, for the purpose, I, roughly, melting together the different topics of philosophy in to different branches of philosophy. Further, the unforgotten point over here is that I did document analysis as a baseline to give general expert of philosophy.

HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL COMPONENT OF THE LITERARY WORKS OF CHRISTINЕ DE PIZAN IN CONTEMPORARY HISTORIOGRAPHY

The article is devoted to the analysis of the contribution of Christine de Pisan in development of the conception of a special role and powers of royal authority and special attitudes of king and people. Central to Christine’s understanding of the art of government is that it should be directed toward the common good and be guided by wisdom and the virtue she calls “prudence”, the word used by French medieval authors to translate Aristotle’s “phronesis”. The Christina's books are structured as an account of the nature of political prudence. Platonism and Christianity found in Boethius and Augustine, forms the background to what one might call Christine’s political epistemology, her treatment of political wisdom as a branch of theology. For Christine, knowledge of how to govern well is inseparable from an understanding of God’s nature. In the “Livre de paix” Christine offers a utopian vision of an intelligent, just ruler, able to take the advice of those who are older and wiser, hard working, peace loving, clement, and at the same time firm in dispensing justice. Despite the lamentable political situation of her time, she never gives up her optimism that peace and justice are possible on earth as well as in heaven. Christine paraphrases Dante’s argument that in order to put an end to the greed that causes war and dissension, the world needs a single universal monarch who will reign in justice. The paper considers main qualities offered by Christine as a new ideal of sovereign. One does not find in her writings a clear statement either of absolutism or of the existence of “bridles” on the king’s power. She never invokes the right of parliament or even the Royal Council to impose its advice on the king. The prudence she is advocating for women is the same Aristotelian phronesis that forms the basis of a prince’s practical activity.Thus Christine developed what might be called an image of an androgynous ideal of monarchy.