Political System Of Government Research Articles

Penerapan Trias Politika di Indonesia dalam Tinjauan Fikih Siyāsah

This research aims to understand the concept of siyᾱsah jurisprudence, to find out the application of the trias politica in Indonesia, and to find out the review of siyᾱsah jurisprudence regarding the application of the trias politica in Indonesia. This research is qualitative research, which means the data used in the research is qualitative data. Qualitative data includes data in the form of sentences in the form of statements and certain indices except numbers. Meanwhile, the form of research is library research. The results of this research found that the concept of siyᾱsah fiqh is to form a political system of government in a daulah that is based on Islamic law with complete and systematic components in order to achieve the goals of the law. Indonesia, in its system of sharing state power, tends to follow the concept of trias politica put forward by Montesquieu, but the application of this concept is not stated explicitly. The application of the trias politica in Indonesia, which is stated in the 1945 Constitution, is justified by the siyᾱsah fiqh. Because the same concept is also applied by Islamic politics, even though in essence, since its inception, Indonesia was not a country based on Islamic law but contained Islamic values.

The Institutionalization of Urban Communities of Major Regional Centers of the Russian Federation in the System of Political Conflict Management: Limits of Possibilities

In modern Russia, the problems of institutionalized participation of the communities of major regional centers in political conflict management and decision-making on the urban development agenda are becoming more relevant. Political institutionalization is considered by the authors in the context of the liberal theory of conflict, the neo-institutional approach, and illiberal peacebuilding. The authors draw conclusions on the growth of the subjectivity of urban communities with their lack of involvement in the system of political governance at the city level, based on the data of an empirical study conducted through semi-structured interviews with leaders and activists of urban communities in three major regional centers of Russia - Voronezh, Krasnodar, Yaroslavl, as well as an expert survey in these cities. The analysis of the “Krasnodar Tram” case reveals such problems as the low level of institutional trust in the system of interactions between urban communities and local authorities, as well as the lack of effective mechanisms for coordinating decisions in a conflict. Thus, the political institutionalization of communities is limited in scale, which is due to the state of the public policy space at the municipal level, the hybrid nature of institutional regulation, as well as the structure and characteristics of the activities of the communities themselves.

Leadership and power dynamics in crisis management: implication for brain-drain behaviour – Singaporean government experience during Covid-19

PurposeThis study explored how the Singaporean government responded to the Covid-19 pandemic crisis from early January 2020 to the end of May of the same year. It evaluated the capability of Singapore's leadership management in a crisis during the peak and ravaging period of the Covid-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilised a systematic design analysis approach, analysing Singaporean cases on the Covid-19 crisis using a systematic and narrative approach to underscore the country's response to the pandemic attack from January 2020 to May 2020.FindingsAgainst the backdrop of Singapore's peculiar political system of government dominated by the ruling People's Action Party (PAP) and culture of bureaucracy, the government has increasingly executed several control measures, including strict travel bans, contact tracing, the circuit breaker–lockdown, mask-wearing, social distancing orders as well as financial support to businesses and employees from top to the bottom in the country. However, the treatment and health issues of the migrant workers in the dormitories continue to be the major concern among academics and scholars. At the same time, policy inadequacies truncate the excellent measure of Singapore's response to Covid-19. The case point review concluded that the mortality rate in Singapore remains low compared to other nations of the world. Singapore's case points unveil fundamental learning that an excellent leadership-driven harmonised strategic model is essential for crisis management in any society. The finding of the analysis demonstrated that Singapore adopted a contingency and value-based leadership model to advance good governance and tackle the spread of the deadly coronavirus in its country.Originality/valueThe study has demonstrated a profound analysis that has not been conducted hitherto. Investigation of the Singapore case point is not a popular analysis among Nigerian scholars. Therefore, from Nigeria's perspective, the study has showcased the good and the wrong sides of a coin in Singapore's leadership and power dynamic in crisis management.

Sexual Abuse and its Implication in Nigerian Universities: A Reflection of David Bolaji’s TaniMola, A Satirical Folk Opera

Satire is a potent literary art used to critique and redress illicit acts in societies. It is one of the artistic weapons from time immemorial used by literary writers and art musicians for correcting societal ills. Also, this phenomenon, within the context of academia, has been used to unmask the perpetrators of evils and unlawful acts prevalent at different levels of the Nigerian university system and political system of governance. This study examines sexual abuse and its implication for Nigerian universities while reflecting on the illicit behaviours illustrated in David Bolaji’s Tanimola (2011), a satirical folk opera. The paper exposes male lecturers’ sexual molestation of female students and the stigmatisation of sexual assault victims. In addition, it unravels other illicit acts within the University community in Nigeria and how each identified unlawful act is treated with irony, humour, and contempt within the framework of TaniMola. Adopting the principle of Ethics and Moral Theory presented by Strahovnik (2018) for textual analyses of the libretto, plots, and scenes in Tanimola, the article submits that as the university system passes through different transitions, there is a need for caution on the part of male lecturers concerning sexual assaults being perpetuated on female students. The study pointed out that every institution has roles to play in the crusade against the illicit acts of female sexual abuse in Nigerian universities if gender fairness is guaranteed and the education standard is to be improved.

Social programs as an element of social policy of the european parliamentary monarchies (on the example of the Principality of Liechtenstein)

Social policy is a complex and heterogeneous system of political governance, which makes it necessary to study its implementation within the framework of various political systems and their constituent political institutions. Special attention should be paid to the political and social experience of European parliamentary monarchies, in which the elements of social policy are effectively implemented through social programs, the beneficiary, trustee or initiator of which is the monarchical component. A clear example reflecting the implementation of the previously announced principles of social policy in a practical dimension is the social programs of the monarchical component presented in the Principality of Liechtenstein. The article examines the social programs of European parliamentary monarchies, their role in the political process and the influence of the institution of the monarch on the adoption and implementation of relevant political decisions. The assumption is substantiated that the social programs characteristic of monarchical states correspond to the social function of the institution of the monarch, and also contribute to the de-escalation of social tension and the growth of political stability in society. A special monarchical approach allows for the support and protection of those social aspects that, by their nature, have a reduced public interest in non-monarchical states of government, which allows us to talk about the unique experience of European parliamentary monarchies and their contribution to the political and social progress of European states. These statements are confirmed by the experience of the social programs of the Principality of Liechtenstein, which is used as an illustration of these provisions.

Political governance in China’s state-owned enterprises

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) are both the economic and political bases of the Chinese Communist Party (the Party) and the Chinese state. The overarching principle of SOE reform is to firmly implement the Party’s leadership and the modern enterprise system. This principle creates a political governance system in China’s SOEs—a Party-dominated governance system characterized by Party leadership, state ownership, Party cadre management, Party participation in corporate decision-making, and intra-Party supervision. This survey explains the logic of political governance in China’s SOEs, presents the evolution and current practices of each element of the system, and discusses findings from both academic research and the field.

Pendidikandan Politik diIndonesia

Education and politics are two inseparable notions. If you look at the world of field these two things are interrelated with one another. politics as a control tool in the government system, while education is one of the important pillars in the government system so that education will be affected by the political system of government. Politics will also be affected by the education system in the long run. Education in Indonesia can never be separated from politics. Politics is very easily influenced and determined by political elites and political parisapsi that produce political ethics. Political elites are actors who rule and make wisdom when in power. Elite and power are never separated from each other. Education in Indonesia was never separated from the ruling political elites at the time. With education in Indonesia, educated people will not be easy to be influenced and contaminated by political slogans using religion as false labels. Let the government continue to strive to advance education and educate the nation's life. So that Indonesia remains a country of nationalism.

The role of applying good governance standards on civil society organizations to achieve sustainable development

Countries and governments are seeking to develop their societies and achieve prosperity with growth for their people, through achieving comprehensive sustainable development, which guarantees the right of current generations to well-being, and preserving the right of subsequent generations through good exploitation of available resources, wealth and full preservation to the surrounding environment and not to destroy it. However, good governance reflects to recent global developments and changes that have coincided with changing in the system of political governance and the role of governments, as this concept was put forward in the framework of political programs in order to achieve development goals. Thus, good governance was provided and supported by international non-governmental organizations, such as the United Nations and international financial institutions, such as the World Bank, in order to add an authoritative, ethical way to practice power in managing the affairs of states and societies. The problem in this research paper was the extent of the contribution of civil society organizations in the development process, as a result of the weak role of governments and states, which forced these organizations to work side by side with governments in the process of achieving sustainable development. This paper relied on the descriptive and analytical approach and aimed to identify the important and effective role of civil society organizations in the process of achieving the development of peoples and societies. The study concluded that it is not possible for these civil organizations to contribute to achieving sustainable development with the absence or weakness of implementing and activating the standards of good governance, since good governance is the foundation to Achieve the real sustainable development.

The Analysis of Factors of Formation of the Modern System of Political Governance: Global, Regional and Local Levels

The relevance of the work is due to the growing influence of the processes of globalization and the need for a systematic and theoretical understanding of the interdependence of different levels of development and adaptation of the political system in the modern world. The situation of the COVID pandemic, which began in 2020 and demonstrated the dominance of global attitudes and rules over regional and local attitudes and rules, gives special relevance to this article. The purpose of the work is to clarify the essence and possibilities of applying system analysis to the process of public administration at the level of global integration, regional and local levels of public administration. At the same time, the essence of system analysis is not reduced to solving problems of management and decision-making on very complex problems, but a complete system and methodology for analyzing the adaptation practices of modern political systems at the global, regional and local levels is built. The author comes to the conclusion that it is the local level that is the basis for the formation of the modern political system, and it is worth focusing on it, and not on the global and regional levels, when carrying out certain political changes and transformations. The regional level is an add-on to the local level, and can include multiple local levels. The task of the regional level is to prevent conflict between multiple localities, to ensure their harmonious coexistence and development. Due to the spread of digitalization, the regional level loses its function as an intermediary between the local and the global. The global level of formation of the political system today, in turn, is an “umbrella” level. It appears as a categorical imperative of the political system, but it is not its mandatory guide or guide of development.

The Formation of a Stable Political Governance: Structural-Functional and Morphological Analysis

The purpose of the article is to implement a systematic analysis of the factors of the formation of a stable system of political governance. To clarify the functions and structure of a stable political system, the characteristics of stability are highlighted, according to which the political system: has signs of legitimacy; is able to cope with the threat of illegitimate violence; supports the constitu-tional system; reproduces a model of behavior based on stability. Methodologically, the article is based on the works of classical and modern scientists (P. M. Khomyakov, M.A. Gaydes, I.B . Rodionov, A. A. Khomiakov). Makarycheva), devoted to the systematic analysis of political systems. The paper also uses morphological analysis, analysis of political efficiency, and in the final part — the method of state-management design. The author comes to the conclusion that the functions and structure of the modern political system should be considered from the point of view of the defini-tions of “political stability”, viewed through the prism of the absence of political threats, adaptive irremovability of political subjects and the balance of political forces. Political stability implies that the distribution of resources in society involves not only the institutional subsystem of the political system, but also the functional, regulatory and ideological subsystems. Morphological analysis demonstrates that a stable political system is characterized by a balanced interaction of subsystems, in which at least the institutional, regulatory and functional subsystems jointly determine the process of functioning and development of the political system. Stability is the basis and guarantee of po-litical development in the modern world, and stability is not contrary to innovative development or development in general. Both stability and development are the basic conditions for the development of a modern political system, methods of avoiding negative adaptation in the global environment. Stability is not synonymous with closeness — on the contrary, it implies horizontal and vertical mobility, a constitutional system, and a focus on maintaining the activity of political actors. At the same time, all these processes cannot be allowed to take their course and develop outside the political control of the vertical structures of power. Integrity as a system-wide property is an integral basis for the stability of the political system.

ECONOMY OF EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES: DREAM OR NECESSITY

The purpose of the paper is a systematic approach to both, the relationship between economic growth, development inclusiveness, competitiveness, and the formulation of social and economic policies in the context of inclusive development, becomes an important task. The article justifies the need for creating prerequisites for inclusive growth through a radical change in public and political governance systems. It is necessary to create an inclusive infrastructure that ensures equitable access to public goods: health, education, transportation, access to information, communication, justice, security, environmental sustainability. The relevance of the study of inclusive growth is due to the aggravation of problems associated with a decrease in the pace of economic development, social tensions in society, international conflicts, as well as consequences of the global cyclical crisis. The current economic crisis is structural and is associated with a change of technological paradigm, which involves the transformation of economic resources from the sphere of low productivity to the sphere of high productivity. The analytical base of the study is the country rankings by economic development, human development, quality and satisfaction with life, the level of openness of the society, which are represented by international organizations and agencies. Based on a systematic approach methodology, the relationship between economic growth, development inclusiveness and competitiveness has been identified, which has made it possible to justify the need to transform the model of economic development with regard to the role of the person in the sixth technological K-wave. The results of such a study will justify proposals in terms of an inclusive growth model that complexly reflects the relationships between production, circulation, consumption and accumulation, between income, expenditure and final demand, between savings and investment, etc. It has been proven that the goals of inclusive growth are achieved through a high level of civic identity, enhanced partnerships, interregional relationships and social integration.

FACEBOOK GRUPĖS IR TAPATYBĖS RIBŲ BRAIŽYMAS

The object of this publication is the social network Facebook groups identity. After research, it has been observed that the symbolic groups identity fragmentation represents political and ideological aspects. Socialism and its restoration became the ideological political basis uniting analysed groups members. The group’s members estimate the current Lithuanian political governance system considering the Soviet period ideology, but in the other hand identifying themselves as Lithuanians. It seems that analysed Facebook groups members has experienced identity stagnation and has not changed orientation together with new accepted country’s political ideology. The analysis showed that two “others” categories has emerged: Lithuanian governance, the political elite and compatriots that is not resists Lithuanian policy. In order to highlight the “others” the ruling elite of Lithuania is equated with Jews to split them from the entire nation and anti-resist Lithuanians is equated with lower mental level people. The current liberal democracy and the struggle against it become a grouping factor of analysed group members. A strong group identity maintained in virtual space is not supported in real space. The lack of physical contact between groups members makes it possible to assume that virtual community identity is maintained only in the virtual space.

The concept of ‘Republic’ in Francophone African states: origin and impact

ABSTRACT Taking the opportunity of the 60th anniversary of independence of the former French colonial empire, this article addresses the issue of being ‘Republics' for the Francophone African states in sub-Saharan Africa. From the history of decolonisation and the milestones of the independence process in Francophone Africa, the article shows how that process was torpedoed by France, in order to guarantee a continuous presence in Africa and to preserve control over its former territories for its vested interests. Even after 60 years of independence, the decolonisation process appears to be unfinished. The article also emphasises that the current poor political system of governance in Francophone Africa lies in the concept of Republic and has a lot to do with history. Therefore, for the Francophone African states to assume mastery over their own destinies, they need to reconsider their historical legacy within the challenge of having their identity as ‘Republics’ as their sole reference.

Reviews About Early Nomads In Central Asia

It is well known that nomads have played an important role in World history. Central Asian nomads in particular also played a major and important role in the political life of the continent. In this article geography of Central Asian nomads' distribution, the system of political governance and social life of early nomadic tribes of Central Asia is analyzed.

МЕСТНОЕ САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЕ КАК СОСТАВЛЯЮЩАЯ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ: ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article examines the peculiarities of the organization of local government in modern Russia, explores the peculiarities of its interaction with the state government, identifies the essential characteristics of local government, defines its role in the system of political governance and public power

State ownership and securities fraud: A political governance perspective

AbstractResearch question/issueThis study attempts to shed new light on how the state as a controlling shareholder can affect the interests of minority shareholders by investigating the role of state ownership in deterring securities fraud commission.Research findings/insightsUsing archival data from a large sample of Chinese publicly traded firms, we uncover that state ownership is negatively associated with the likelihood of securities fraud commission. Further, CEO political background reinforces this negative relationship. We also uncover that firms with high state ownership are more likely to dismiss CEOs than those with low or no state ownership upon securities fraud detection.Theoretical/academic implicationsDeparting from agency theory‐centric research on state ownership and corporate governance, this study introduces a political governance perspective to unpack the role of state ownership in corporate governance. Political governance refers to organizational control mechanisms deployed by political actors to achieve their objectives.Practitioner/policy implicationsStudying how political governance systems influence managerial behaviors is critical to gaining a complete insight into the implications of state ownership on corporate governance.

Political Governance, Law, and Economic Development

Abstract Political stability is an important precondition for economic development. While political stability cannot be created by laws alone, an effective legal framework for political governance, such as a constitution, can facilitate political stability. Political stability is not synonymous with democracy; while civil liberty is often considered a key ingredient for prosperity, it has been historically observed that promotion of democracy, while an important value, does not necessarily lead to economic development. Successful economic developments in the East Asian countries, such as South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan from the 60s to the 80s and in contemporary China show the importance of political stability in achieving economic progress albeit with certain democratic deficits. The system of political governance that creates political stability may differ from one place to another, depending upon political needs, cultural priorities, historical contexts, and popular aspirations. This paper considers these elements and also examines, based on local conditions and priorities, the kind of political leadership that has brought political stability and economic development, the question of democracy, and the legal frameworks conducive to sustaining political stability.

Peranan Negara dalam Pembangunan Perbandingan antara Kebijakan Pemerintahan Orde Baru dengan Pemerintahan Orde Reformasi

Development is an activity process that aims to create a more advanced society and social life. Because the scope of development touches the various areas of human life, then the range to be achieved by itself summarizes many aspects, both aspects of social politics, socioeconomic, socio-cultural and defense and security issues In general, development is done in developing countries whether it seca physical, non-physical, material or immateril. Similarly, the Republic of Indonesia, from a new independence until the age of more than 70 years of republic has experienced three times the political system of government, namely the Old Order, the New Order and the Reform Order.This article attempts to elaborate a small comparison between the New Order and the Reform Order on its policies and approaches to development. The policies adopted by the New Order government were applied in two general strategies: economic strategy and political strategy.The concept used to distinguish the two order development is state centered and statism. State centered in the New Order is clarified in three different approaches: politics as commander, economy as commander and morality as commander. While the concept of statism seen in various policies with absolute properties, both on the needs of primary, secondary and tertiary. Nevertheless everything is in stable situations and conditions, although in the end the condition is false and everything is messy.In contrast to the Reform Order, all governments of the four presidents put more emphasis on democracy in various fields, whereas the concept of state centered and statism was less emphasized so that the situation and condition of primary, secondary and tertiary needs happened more leads to instability.

On Ethnic Relations and Integration: Vietnamese Perspectives on the Ethnic Chinese in Colonial Sài Gòn (1900–1940)

Historians studying Vietnamese intellectual and political history have evaluated the negative perspectives that the Vietnamese educated class expressed in political journalism, especially newspapers, as an expression of nationalism and anti-foreign sentiments. This hostile attitude from the Vietnamese community was correlated with the fact that the Chinese during this time were relatively segregated from the larger community with their own social and political system of governance. However, a deeper study of Vietnamese newspapers would show how their narratives were ambivalently mixed among antagonism, admiration, and even sympathy. Other literary sources such as popular literature also presented more moderate voices that took into consideration the contributions of the ethnic Chinese as a long-established immigrant-settler community in the southern region. This plurality of perspectives, as represented in Vietnamese newspapers and popular literature published in the first four decades of the twentieth centuries, demonstrated how the relationship between the two ethnic groups were influenced not just by colonial policy and ethnic nationalism but also individual economic or political motives. This paper examines the portrayals of ethnic Chinese people in selected sources of Vietnamese newspapers and popular literature written in the colonial period. Most of the publications were written in the new romanized Vietnamese script (chữ Quốc ngữ) and were published from the 1900s to 1940s. First, I will explain the historical background of Chinese migration and settlement in southern Vietnam and the context of Vietnamese intellectual and political history in the early twentieth century. Second, I examine the ambivalent anti-Chinese stance demonstrated in certain early twentieth century newspapers, including Quốc dân diễn đàn, Lục tỉnh tân văn, Đông Pháp thờibáo, and Thần chung. I will focus on how the political goals and affiliations of these newspapers impacted their views toward the Chinese and prove that they did not necessarily reflect hostile relations between the two communities.

The Empire of International Legalism

AbstractThe international rule of law is a political system of governance. It rests on the expectation that governments will abide by their legal obligations and so defines what counts as appropriate behavior for states. The relationship between law and politics in global governance is better understood as an empire of global legalism than as an anarchic world of sovereign states. Legal justification is the lingua franca of legitimation contests among governments, as states strive to show that their preferred policies are lawful and that those they oppose are unlawful. Seeing the world this way helps to show the political content of international law: neither a neutral framework that sustains all viewpoints nor an inherently progressive contribution to global order, international law is a political system of governance that advances some interests at the expense of others, and our attention should be directed toward assessing which interests are served by the turn to global legalism and at whose expense.