Changes In Political System Research Articles

Sustainable energy transition, knowledge co-creation and trade: the case of EU residential energy efficiency

ABSTRACT The European Union (EU) sustainable energy transition requires radical changes of economic, technological, societal and political systems. This paper empirically investigates the relationships among environmental policy, innovation and technological capabilities, and economic performances, in terms of country export competitiveness, focusing on residential energy efficiency goods, a core pillar of the EU energy and climate strategy. We combine network analysis with a gravity model to investigate the evolution of the EU bilateral trade and co-patenting activities from 1990 to 2015, based on a panel of 19 European countries. Our results show that the technological skills of the exporting country, related to the production of the households’ energy-consuming appliances, strongly enhance its export performances, and this effect is stronger when countries are EU members. Cooperation in knowledge creation and institutional proximities between trade partners are further key determinants of export performances of analysed countries.

Challenges and Triumphs of Democratisation in Mongolia

The major socio-political change in Mongolia was the change of political system from one-party socialist to multi-party democracy in 1990s. The political liberalisation of ideas- the change of economic system, inauguration of the new constitution in 1992 and the first ever free parliamentary elections are the key features of the Mongolia’s Democratic revolution. The importance of researching democratic consolidation in Mongolia can be underscored in several keyways. Firstly, Mongolia serves as an exemplary case of a nation that has transitioned positively towards democracy in a global landscape where democracy often remains an outlier rather than the norm. From the events that Mongolia had to overcome and the knowledge that was gained, there is much to learn on how democratisation processes could be maintained in transitional societies. Qualitative research approach is fitting for this study since it enables the researcher to gain an insight into subjective experiences as well as perceptions of those who are either involved in or affected by a democratic transition in Mongolia. Findings of this research highlights Mongolia's democratisation process both possibilities as well as difficulties involved. Mongolia has done fairly well in terms of institutionalising democracy, but numerous challenges are still persistent which require continuous attention and concerted efforts being made towards addressing them. By introducing strategic reforms, endorsing comprehensive development, fostering transparency culture and nurturing a sense of accountability within state institutions Mongolia can reinforce further consolidation of its democratic gains.

Navigating Political System Change in a Transitional Economy

Navigating Political System Change in a Transitional Economy

Does democracy stimulate remittances?

AbstractThe phenomenon of remittances is the subject of intense debate among politicians, researchers, and academics. This is because it touches on a multitude of human, economic, and financial aspects. This paper empirically investigates the empirical relationship between political systems and remittances in order to understand how changes in political systems in the home and host countries affect remittances. By using the gravity model of bilateral remittance flows for 101 sending countries and 92 developing receiving countries for the period 2010–2017. Findings indicate that strengthening democratic processes in countries of origin leads to more remittances. This result is most pronounced in low‐income countries. However, democracy in host countries has a negative effect on remittances. These findings are robust to the different techniques and specifications used. Strengthening democratic institutions in low‐income countries can attract more financial flows.

The governance models vs. the development courses of the mining sector: cases of Indonesia and the Philippines

Indonesia and the Philippines have shared similar history, geological condition, and economic structure. Located in Southeast Asia, both countries have rich reserves of metallic minerals. They have also experienced changes of political system in the post-WWII era, from an authoritarian regime to a democracy, and have both pursued a neoliberal economic policy since the 1980s.​ However, the shared commonalities have not led to a similar development path of the mining industry in the two countries. Our research was aimed to reveal the key factors that caused the divergence of the mining development in Indonesia and the Philippines, from three main aspects: the evolution of the political system, the economic and mining policies adopted by the two governments, and the role of the mining regulations. The main question asked was that “Why did the similar political systems and economic policy fail to create a convergent path for mining development in the two neighbors?” The research has proved the validity of our hypothesis: the distinct political objectives and economic circumstances have impacted the implementation of the Neoliberal economic policy in the two countries. To a less extent, the scale of the mining industry in their respective economies and the different features of their respective colonial past were partially responsible as well.

Discussions about the New World Order in the Context of Scientific Diplomacy

In 2023, the Institute of World History, in partnership with the Russian Historical Society, organized several landmark international scientific events dedicated to the formation of a new world order. First of all, the article analyzes the international academic conference “Formation and change of international political systems. Experience of history for the contemporary world order”, in which, in addition to famous Russian speakers, foreign experts from 17 countries took part. The topics of the conference touched upon the issues and circumstances of the formation and change of international political systems, from Westphalia in the 17th century to Yalta-Potsdam in the 20th century, as well as the main trends of the modern stage of international relations, including political, economic, social and, very importantly, value aspects question. Based on the results of the events held in 2023, it was decided to prepare a concept document for a new multipolar world by March 1, 2024, the discussion of which will take place in the spring of 2024, also with the participation of foreign experts. Thus, the scientific discussions held in 2023 are an example of genuine science diplomacy, securing Russia’s status as one of the leaders in this new scientific direction.

Глобальні виклики та ризики як детермінанти економічного прогресу країн у контексті глобальних трансформацій

The aim of the article is to identify the global challenges and risks that determine the economic progress of countries in the context of global transformations. The study argues that the global transformations of recent decades have radically changed the geopolitical and geo-economic space, influencing the dynamics of economic development and socioeconomic progress. It has been established that in research, economic progress is often equated with economic development and economic growth. Scientific approaches of domestic researchers to the understanding of economic progress are considered. It is confirmed that global economic progress is a multidimensional process and is not limited only to the economic sphere, it combines technological, social, political, informational and other kinds of progress. The dynamics of the distribution of the countries of the world by the level of gross national income (GNI) per capita has been determined. The dynamics of economic growth in the world is analyzed. A slowdown in economic growth for countries has been identified and the main reasons for this phenomenon have been identified. An assessment of the risk structure for the short-term (2 years) and long-term (10 years) periods was carried out in accordance with a study by the World Economic Forum. The role of false information and disinformation among the threats to economic progress is revealed. The spread of propaganda and false information has been confirmed to affect press freedom. It is argued that the disinformation industry threatens both political and economic stability, deepens the crisis of democracy in the world. An analysis of the change of political regimes in the world is carried out, changes in political systems in the regions are evaluated. Threats to global democracy have been identified. Among the determinants of economic progress, cybersecurity is singled out. The main global cyber threats are analyzed. The role of violation of the principles of peace and security in maintaining global economic development is argued. The main environmental risks, which are important determinants of economic progress, have been identified. It is emphasized that climate change leads to the depletion of natural resources, which are important for economic activity. Another threat is the growing number of so-called climate refugees. Social polarization is confirmed to be a risk to the global economy and global economic progress. The dynamics of the Social Progress Index is analyzed. The measures necessary to achieve global economic progress taking into account global challenges and risks are proposed.

ПРАКТИКИ ОБРАЩЕНИЯ К ПРОШЛОМУ В ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОМ ПАРЛАМЕНТСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ (НАЧАЛО И КОНЕЦ ХХ ВЕКА)

The paper deals with the practices of appealing to the past in the parliamentary debates of the first sessions of the State Duma of late imperial Russia (1906) and the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (1994), as well as the first few Congresses of People's Deputies of the USSR (1989) and the RSFSR (1990). These cases meet two criteria: first, these representative institutions were fundamentally new institutions in changing political systems, and second, the principles of forming their composition ensured competition in the process of discussing symbolic discourses. Cross-temporal research has made it possible to identify a universal set of techniques, at least for the Russian experience, for the instrumental use in parliamentary discussions of knowledge/ideas about the past when solving modern problems, including an appeal to the past as an argument in the discussion; interpretation/evaluation of the past as a marker of group identity; a call to consign to oblivion / to forget/ to forgive the past; articulation of historical grievances/traumas; criticism of historical government policies; discreditation of a political opponent: pointing out the ignorance of history / falsification of history.

The Evolution of Political and Legal Thought in Ancient India: A Historical Perspective

This article delves into the evolution of political and legal thought in ancient India, with a focus on the influences of Brahmanism, the Laws of Manu, and the teachings of Buddha. The author takes a historical perspective, analyzing the developments and changes in ancient India's political and legal systems over the centuries. The article begins by discussing the influence of Brahmanism, the dominant religious and social order in ancient India. Brahmanism played a significant role in shaping political and legal thought through its emphasis on hierarchy, social roles, and duties. The author explores how Brahmanical beliefs influenced ancient India's governance, lawmaking, and societal structure. We examine the Laws of Manu, a key legal text in ancient India that codified social norms, ethics, and laws. The authors highlight the impact of the Laws of Manu on the political and legal landscape of ancient India, highlighting its influence on governance, justice, and social order in India today. We examine the teachings of Buddha and contributions to political and legal thought this belief community influenced society in ancient India particularly of how Buddha's emphasis on compassion, morality, and equality influenced political governance, law enforcement, and social justice in ancient Indian societies. Overall, this article provides in-depth analysis of the evolution of political and legal thought in ancient India, shedding light on the diverse influences of Brahmanism, the Laws of Manu, and the teachings of Buddha. Highlighting the historical developments in political and legal systems, we provide valuable insights into the intellectual and philosophical foundations of ancient Indian society.

The Persistence of Change in Political Systems in Nepal: Causes and Consequence

This research is based on examining the enduring nature of change within political systems in Nepal, including its numerous manifestations, changing structures, and relevance in contemporary society. The research encompasses a variety of secondary sources, which are further reinforced by primary data sources. This research investigates the process of political system transition and its associated features using qualitative data analysis. The multi-party democracy endeavour in Nepal rapidly deteriorated into conflicts for control among and within the political parties. The prohibition and subsequent ineffectiveness of political parties not achieving global peace and security were seen. Examining countries that have effectively undergone economic change underscores the essential role played by governmental entities in managing such processes. The political growth of Nepal represents a distinct deviation from core political theory, morals, and values. Political parties have been detrimental to the functioning of democracy due to their failure to establish and sustain democratic advancements inside institutional frameworks effectively. Effective governance is needed to confront the dual challenges posed by the Maoist insurgency (often referred to as terrorism) and the deceleration of economic growth.

Demonization of Children in Laurence Yep’s “The Phantom Heart”

This article explores some cultural aspects that lead to the demonization of children in the post Chinese Revolution era (1945-1949) in Laurence Yep’s story “The Phantom Heart”. Based on the insights of Joseph L. Zarnado, Anfeng Sheng, John Clarke and some other critics, it uses children’s perspective to examine the adult behaviors. It examines how dominant adult psychology makes children victim of injustice, poverty and insecurity. The Chinese Revolution, led by The Chinese Communist Party in 1946, ended with the proclamation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949.The change in political system still did not bring a positive change in the attitude towards children. This study ponders on the overall adult attitude of the time towards the children. It tries to excavate cultural and psychological aspects latent in the protagonist characters of the story. Analyzing the mutual relationship of the major characters with the children, it makes an endeavor to portray the impact of dominant adult ideology on children in the socio- political and cultural level. It tries to answer whether the adult ideology to socialize children strengthens their overall development or makes them weaker. It also answers why children are made victim of adult ideology. Its findings suggests that adult ideology has crippled the psychological development of children rather than helping them to develop their fundamental potentials and the children have always been the victim of poisonous images invented against them by the dominant culture to perpetuate dominance. This research offers a new interpretation in studying adult behavior within the context of existing scholarship.

The Islamic Religious Education Curriculum Towards Globalization of Education: A Study on the Dynamics and Implications of Curriculum Changes

The quality of education is closely related to the curriculum that is implemented. Due to the consequences of changes in political, social, cultural, economic and technological systems, the curriculum also undergoes changes. Since Indonesia’s independence in 1945, the country has developed and been implementing its own school curriculum starting in 1947, 1952, 1964, 1968, 1975, 1984, 1994, 1999, 2004, 2006, and 2013. This study aims to analyze the dynamics and implications of curriculum changes in Islamic education and to examine its existence in the globalization of education. The research method used a library research approach with data analysis techniques including data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results show that Islamic education has been implemented since the independence era, albeit influenced by the Dutch at that time. After the era of independence and reformation, the changes in curriculum resulted in the government giving special attention to Islamic Religious Education (called as PAI), which was demonstrated by the establishment of Islamic institutions called “madrasa” and Islamic universities. Indonesia’s experience in various curriculum models is a strength in exploring the potential of Islamic education to adapt to the discourse of global education. Moreover, Islamic education in Indonesia has the opportunity to become a world leader. To achieve this, efforts are needed to strengthen the Islamic education system and its curriculum, expand access to information and communication technology, improve the quality of teachers and researchers through increasing academic qualifications, and build international cooperation with other countries in the form of curriculum development and scholarships for foreign students who want to study PAI.

Power transitions and pollution reduction: Decoding the impact of municipal leadership changes on firm-level pollution in China

This research examines the influence of political system changes, particularly official turnover, on pollution reduction in Chinese industrial firms—a response to the environmental challenges posed by China's economic growth. Utilizing micro-panel data from 2000 to 2014 and an official turnover database, this study assesses how these turnovers affect firm-level pollution. The analysis confirms that official turnovers significantly reduce emissions, with the effect more pronounced in non-state-owned enterprises, under officials who are male, hold PhDs, and are older. This impact is also stronger in areas with a larger tertiary sectors and higher economic growth. A detailed comparison reveals that mayoral turnovers have a greater abatement effect than those of municipal secretaries, especially in cases of abnormal turnovers. Crucially, this study demonstrates that mayoral turnovers lead to pollution reduction by promoting corporate exports and innovation. The baseline regression results, confirmed as robust after extensive robustness checks, underscore the significance of these findings. This paper sheds light on the political dynamics of environmental governance in China, advocating bureaucratic reforms to reduce emissions and providing strategic recommendations to improve national environmental sustainability.

Model podmiotowego rozwoju miast. Analiza politologiczno-prawna

THE MODEL OF SUBJECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES: POLITICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS The development policy of the cities is analyzed and studied mainly with the help of concepts typical of geography, spatial economy and sociology. The article proposes to look at this issue through the prism of political science. The epistemology of the concept of political subjectivity, the theory of rational choice, the new institutionalism and system analysis will be used. Based on the conclusions from the theoretical part, the authors distinguish four criteria for the political analysis of the position of cities in Poland. They are: the criterion of resources and interests, the criterion of efficiency, the criterion of relations, and the criterion of coordination. Those criteria relate to, i.a. activities of political authorities in relation to cities, the influence they have on implementation of functions assigned to them, as well as the way in which the role of cities in the state’s political system changes. Based on the analysis of the four criteria, it is possible to determine whether cities are to a greater extent subjects or objects of activities of the central center of political power in the state. Using a schematic matrix of city development models proposed by the author, it is then possible to determine whether, in political terms, we are dealing with a subjective development of cities in Poland.

The Beginning of Democracy in Eastern European Countries from the 1990s to the 2010s and Its Contemporary Crisis: Poland and the Czech Republic as Examples

In 1989, Poland and the Czech Republic almost simultaneously got rid of the socialist regime and gradually embarked on the road to Western democracy. They persisted in the global economic recession in 2008 and achieved economic leaps; however, under the impact of the refugee wave since 2011, conflicts that had been squeezed for decades broke out. For a time, populist forces were rampant in Eastern European countries. Faced with these populist forces, many people lost hope in democracy. This paper aims to present the beginning of the democratization process in Eastern European countries from the 1980s to the 1990s and the reasons for the rampant populist forces in Eastern Europe. The author believes that Eastern European society experienced triple changes in social structure, economic model, and political system at the end of the Cold War. These triple changes exacerbated the inner insecurity of the Eastern European people, and the insecurity planted the seeds of populism. The Soviet Unions long-term control in Eastern Europe led to peoples resistance to the Soviet Union and even the Russian nation. Since the second decade of the 21st century, with the arrival of the refugee waves and many other events in the international situation, this resistance against Russia rose to xenophobia, popularized by populist thoughts, used, and expanded by power. Finally, by analyzing the current status of populist parties in Eastern Europe, the author believes that these populist parties are trying to establish a contemporary nation-state with authoritarian solid rule in the 21st century.

Die Lücke als Fund: Über eine Fehlstelle zur Familiengeschichte im Nachlass von Walther Gerlach (1889–1979)**

AbstractThe career of the German physicist Walther Gerlach (1889–1979) spanned two world wars and the changing political systems in Germany in the twentieth century. As a physicist involved in the rapid development of atomic physics and the management of scientific research in Germany during World War II as well as in post‐war West Germany, several attempts have been made in the past by historians of science to write his full biography. These projects have, among other foci, asked about Gerlach's role and his position with respect to National Socialism. However, based on his extensive papers preserved in the Deutsches Museum Archive in Munich, none of these projects has so far been conclusive. In this article, we identify evidence for the selective deletion of personal files relating to his first wife and daughter. We argue that reconstructing this lacuna sheds new light on the influence of National Socialist ideology on Gerlach's personal life, making him both a profiteer and a victim of eugenics jurisdiction.

ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ДИСКУРС В ЭПОХУ ГДР И ФРГ СКВОЗЬ ПРИЗМУ ЯЗЫКА СМИ

The article is devoted to the consideration of linguistic features typical for educational discourse in the GDR and FRG, which are reflected in Neues Deutschland (GDR) and Der Spiegel (FRG). The relevance of the study stems from the fact that differentiated lexical units related to the field of education are difficult to translate in texts from the era of divided Germany. Therefore, formally similar or even identical lexemes used in the educational discourse of the GDR and the FRG have different semantics due to the differences in the political structure of these countries. This constitutes a challenge for contemporary translators who are confronted with texts from that era, which are becoming increasingly accessible due to the lifting of secrecy and the emergence of educational texts’ electronic collections. This study is limited to the study of differentiated lexical units of educational discourse in newspaper articles from the GDR and FRG periods, since it is the mass media that most clearly reflect linguistic trends, recording typical ways of linguistic nomination. The authors trace the changes in the educational environment associated with the change of political and economic system in the GDR, consider the specificity of linguistic units of that time in the educational discourse, analyze unique lexemes in newspaper articles Neues Deutschland and Der Spiegel and offer their translation equivalents.

카자흐스탄 엘리트 정치 구조의 변화

Has Kazakhstan's elite political structure changed since the 2022 Kazakh unrest? Prior researches on the Kazakh elite have mainly explained the consolidation or replacement of the supreme leader's power, focusing on elite circulation and clientelism. These studies are useful for understanding the characteristics of the Kazakhstan political system and political changes, but there is a limit to not being able to track changes in the elite political structure from a macro perspective. Because it did not apply a tangible analysis framework. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis on the changes in Kazakhstan's elite political structure before and after the 2022 Kazakh unrest from Winters’s typologies of Oligarchy. As a result of applying two measures which are the ‘Nature of Rule’ and the ‘Oligarchs’ Role in Provision of Coercion’ proposed by Winters, the Nazarbayev regime was close to a ‘Sultanistic Oligarchy’ in that it privatized state power, monopolized the state's economic power, and suppressed opposition to neutralize the influence of other oligarchs. On the other hand, the Tokayev regime tended to shift slightly from the existing ‘Sultanistic Oligarchy’ to the ‘Ruling Oligarchy’ in that it distributed some of the power concentrated on the president, failed to suppress itself at the time of the protests, was supported by the Collective Security Treaty Organization, and eased the state's monopoly on economic power. Consequently, it is difficult to say that the current Kazakh elite political structure has completely changed from the existing ‘Sultanistic Oligarchy’ to the ‘Ruling Oligarchy’, but it is necessary to continuously observe the possibility of change in the future.

The Use and Abuse of Queer History

The Use and Abuse of Queer History

Analisis Teoritik Atas Tulisan Geertz Tentang Kyai Jawa Sebagai Cultural Broker

This journal article aims to conduct a theoretical analysis of Geertz's article entitled "Javanese Kyai as Cultural Broker." Geertz's writing became one of the important contributions in anthropological studies on religion and culture in Indonesia. Geertz explains the role of the Javanese kyai as a cultural broker in Javanese society. The theoretical analysis in this article includes a study of the main concepts introduced by Geertz, such as kyai, culture, and cultural brokers. Through a theoretical approach, this article investigates these concepts with reference to anthropological theories and other relevant studies. The aim was to gain a deeper understanding of the role of Javanese kyai as cultural brokers in Javanese society. The study found that Kyai as a cultural broker acts as a mediator between different cultural groups, facilitating understanding, dialogue, and exchange between Javanese community groups and foreigners, such as the Japanese and Western cultures brought by modernists and the Dutch. The role of Kyai as a cultural broker has changed in line with changes in Indonesia's sociocultural and political systems. To continue to exist, Kyai needs to combine religious and secular knowledge and be involved in the NU political party, which has a coordinated organizational structure from the central to the branch level.