Political Socialization Process Research Articles

Soviet State and Nomadic Peoples of Southern Russia: Social-Political Processes and Natural-Climatic Factors (1920s-1930s)

This study examines Soviet national policy towards nomadic peoples during the 1920s1930s, a period when the foundations of national-state building in the USSR were being laid and developed. The research focuses on a specific region — Southern Russia, one of the most multiethnic macro-regions of the country. The study investigates the implementation of socio-economic and national policies of the Soviet state in the territory of ethnic minorities such as the Kalmyks, Nogais, and Stavropol Turkmen. Common specific characteristics of the nomadic population are noted: religious fanaticism, social isolation, innate closedness. Eradicating these negative qualities among the Kalmyks, Nogais, Stavropol Turkmen, and integrating them into the all-Russian space required authorities to adopt a differentiated approach to working with each ethnic group. It is proven that by implementing the national policy of the Soviet state through solving urgent socio-economic problems of the Kalmyks, Nogais, and Stavropol Turkmen, the authorities were able to achieve at least two main objectives to some extent. The first objective was to lift the mentioned nomadic peoples out of socio-economic crisis, mainly through stimulating and developing agriculture, despite the challenging natural-climatic conditions of the region. The second objective was to ensure the transition of nomads to a settled way of life.

POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION AS A BASIS FOR CIVIL SOCIETY IN KYRGYZSTAN

This article analyzes the process of political socialization in the context of civil society in Kyrgyzstan. The study examines various aspects of political socialization and identifies factors that influence the formation of political beliefs and activism of citizens, including education, mass media, and the role of political parties. The paper focuses on the significant role of education and the media in shaping political socialization and identifies the challenges facing contemporary civil society in Kyrgyzstan. The author suggests possible strategies to strengthen political activism and civic participation in the country to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between political socialization and the formation of civil society. This study aims to identify potential strategy.

THE POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION OF THE PEOPLE IN UZBEKISTAN: MEDIA PRESENCE AND THE ABSENCE OF MEDIA LITERACY

This study is devoted to the analysis of the current process of political socialization of the population of Uzbekistan. A historical retrospective of the formation of the concepts of political socialization and politics is presented, and the chronological stages of individual socialization are analyzed. An unsatisfactory level of media literacy of the population and a lack of factcheckingand verification skills were revealed. The research hypothesis was confirmed, which is seen in the decisive role of the mass media in the process of communication between the authorities and society in general and in theprocess of political socialization of the population in particular.

FRANCE: SOCIAL CLEAVAGES IN THE FACE OF POLITICAL PROCESSES

Abstract. The article examines the social schisms existing in French society and the impact that these divisions had on the social climate and political processes in the country. The factors contributing to the formation of these imbalances are analyzed. It is shown that although the ruling circles have smoothed out the social consequences of numerous extraordinary events that took place during Macron’s rule, they have not been able to mitigate the fundamental social divisions. The author comes to the conclusion that the abundance of deep social divisions in society leads to social instability, fragmentation of the political space and a significant increase in the influence of populist movements. Special attention is paid to the problems of increasing the degree of radicalism in the political arena and the degree of aggression and violence in society

PROBLEMS OF CIVIL COMPETENCE OF RUSSIAN SCHOOLCHILDREN: DEVELOPMENT OF A THEORETICAL MODEL

The article is devoted to exploring the process of political socialization of the Russian schoolchildren, within the framework of which his civic competence is formed. Civic competence includes such components as socio-political knowledge, social activity, willingness to take responsibility and patriotism. In the empirical part of this work, a cluster analysis was carried out on the data obtained during face-to-face survey (N=2610). Schoolchildren were divided into 3 clusters: “pessimistic excellent students”, “paternalistic good students” and “activist poor students”. More detailed characteristics of the clusters were identified on data obtained during interviews with survey participants (N=256). The analysis showed there are no single approach to raising the level of civic competence of pupils. “Pessimistic excellent students” need educational technologies that would increase the involvement of these children in events of social significance. “Paternalistic good students” need to increase their level of responsibility, and “activist poor students” need to systematize basic knowledge about the socio-political reality of Russia.

“Respect the Stick!”

Rainbow Gatherings are one of the earliest forerunners of transformative events, with a history spanning five decades. These noncommercial, cocreated, and inclusive meetings have a global spread, offering radical alternatives to social organization and political processes. This essay examines the alternative political model of Rainbow Gatherings through the lens of material culture studies. The analysis follows an object biography of the ritual artifact known as the Talking Stick, central to Rainbow’s political practices, and explores the meaning of the object in material, symbolic, and instrumental senses. Drawing on ethnographic field work at fourteen Rainbow Gatherings across Europe, the essay concludes that organizational models contribute to the transformational potential of events.

Blame it on my youth: the origins of attitudes towards immigration

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated generational differences in attitudes towards immigration, however, less is known about what are the exact factors behind these differences. Our study investigates why cohorts formulate distinct patterns in attitudes towards immigration through a collective process of political socialization during their formative years. The theoretical arguments are tested using hierarchical age-period-cohort modelling across thirteen cohorts in thirteen European countries using micro attitudinal data (2002–2020) integrated with historical macro-political data. We find that contextual exposure to the principle of equality in the formative political climate is central to the formulation of a person’s attitudes towards immigration later in life. While the prevalence of the principle of equality affects immigration attitudes in adulthood positively, the principle of tradition does not. The findings imply that even subtle and cyclical shifts in national politics affect the political orientations of those undergoing the process of political socialization.

Циклічність геоекономічних процесів

The economy is the basis for political processes, while the contradictions arising in the system of socio-economic relations determine the cyclical nature of social development, in particular, cyclical economic and political processes that have become global under the conditions of the capitalist world-system. The cyclic nature of geo-economic and geo-political processes is manifested primarily in the cyclical nature of the change of the world hegemon, whose presence indicates the existence of a global political and economic system. The prerequisites for the formation of the world political and economic system, which develops cyclically, arose already in the most ancient times. The historical prototypes of world hegemony were the Roman and Chinese empires, as well as the Mongolian empire, after whose fall the Western European civilization from the beginning of the "long" XVI century became a source of contradictions, giving rise to a cyclical process of struggle for world leadership, which is reflected in the main provisions of the theory of long cycles of world politics by J. Modelski and U. Thompson, theories of cycles of hegemony by I. Wallerstein, etc. The unfolding of long cycles of world politics and cycles of hegemony is coordinated with the unfolding of Kondratiev cycles, whose beginning and end are marked by wars, generated by political and economic contradictions and serving as a way of their partial resolution. The competition of the leading actors of geopolitics gives rise to global military-economic cycles, whose rhythm is set by world wars, and global geo-economic and geopolitical cycles create the basis for the deployment of cycles derived from them on a regional scale. The rhythm of cyclical geo-economic and geopolitical processes on a regional scale is determined by the dynamics of global cycles. Today, the increasing instability in the capitalist world-system indicates the beginning of crisis-militaristic phases of global cycles, whose unfolding leads to a cyclical change of the leader in the capitalist world-system, and the reformatting of the world geopolitical system, and creates the basis for the development of deep geo-economic and geopolitical contradictions, which are the internal driving force of the cyclicality of global political and economic processes.

Searching for a democratic equalizer: Citizenship education's moderating effect on the relationship between a political home and internal political efficacy

Internal political efficacy (IPE) is an important yet unequally distributed driver of political action. Following cultural sociological explanations for political disengagement, we study how students' political home environment reproduces inequalities in IPE and how citizenship education moderates this. We test whether citizenship education compensates, reproduces, or accelerates inequalities in IPE due to differences in one's political home environment. These moderating effects are tested for three components of citizenship education; the number of civic learning experiences, open classroom climate for discussion, and active student participation at school. We consider the school a potential equalizer and a segregated breeding ground for democracy. Based on multilevel analyses employing cross-sectional data (3838 students across 147 schools) gathered to test the attainment targets in citizenship education among Flemish senior high school students (Belgium), we show that privileged students receive more citizenship education. However, each citizenship education component increases IPE and has a small yet significant compensation effect. This paper makes theoretical and empirical contributions to the literature on inequalities in political socialization processes while critically investigating the school's functioning as a democratic equalizer.

Music as an Important Means of Foreign Policy

The article discusses the influence of music on the process of political socialization, analyzes the mechanisms of interaction between the musical and political spheres of society at different historical stages. The relevance of this article lies in the fact that at this historical stage the questions of studying the experience of establishing cooperation between states using the methods of cultural negotiations are most relevant in connection with the events taking place in world politics. The purpose of this study is to analyze musical art as an important element of international political relations, as well as to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of musical art in political negotiations. The article describes the cultural relations of allies during political negotiations at different historical stages using archival scientific materials. The principles of construction are considered, as well as the artistic features of concert programs at the Royal Albert Hall of Arts and Sciences. The methodological basis of the study is the work of cultural communication researchers. The main methods of cognition are theoretical analysis of scientific-journalistic literature, narrative analysis and historical method, comparative and typological method, generalization of theoretical and practical experience of influence of music on political processes in the world. The practical significance of the research on "Music as an important instrument of foreign policy" is that the data obtained in the scientific research can be used by specialists and teachers of higher educational institutions, as well as in the preparation of a methodological educational program in the field of "History" and "Political Science". The results of the ongoing research may be of scientific interest to students, specialists and teachers of history, political science and cultural studies in higher educational institutions and advanced training courses.

Технологии социальных медиа в политической социализации студенческой молодежи

The article reveals the role of social media and modern communication technologies influencing process of political socialization of students who is an actor of innovation in society. The political socialization of students is influenced by historical events, widespread political values, and political system. It is shown that during periods of social change political norms and values are blurred, the influence of previously dominant agents and mechanisms of political socialization (families, schools, education systems) decreases, new agents of political socialization of students (reference groups, bloggers, Internet communities) come to the fore. The main tool of political socialization of students is mediated communication through social media. The influence of traditional media on young people is decreasing while at the same time the influence exerted by social media is growing. Social media itself acts as a technology for promoting various ideas including political ones. Specific types of youth involvement in politics such as online contact and direct participation are considered. The technologies of social media influence on the political socialization of young people are described that allow fragmenting the public sphere ("filter bubbles", "echo chambers", "information bunkers") forming clip consciousness which does not contribute to the reflection and holistic perception of the political picture in the world. It is emphasized that the most active participants of online communities are students who easily pick up trends and images. There are no structures in modern social networks that guarantee the minority qualitatively equal access to the advisory function of public sphere. The article shows the role of expert communities in politics, social management and influence on youth. It is noted that the expert community as a self-organizing disordered system has the property of dissipativity. The functions of the expert community are analytical, communicative, educational, predictive, ideological, innovative. The technologies of the agenda and creation of thematic groups and communities in social media are considered, political trends in thematic groups and communities are highlighted. The majority determines the agenda. There is no censorship and strict moderation political discussions. Participation transmits from offline to online sphere.

Political socialization, parental separation, and political ideology in adulthood

The increase in divorce rates over the past decades challenges the traditional image of the two-parent family, as new family forms are increasingly more common. Yet, the traditional view of the family has remained central to political socialization research. Therefore, we propose and empirically test a theoretical framework regarding the consequences of parental separation for processes of political socialization. While the impact of parental divorce has been studied extensively by sociologists, the political implications of this impactful life event have remained largely uncovered. We identify two mechanisms that we expect to predict more leftist political orientations in children of separated parents compared to those from intact families: experiences of economic deprivation and single-mother socialization. Multi-level analyses using the European Values Study (2008) and two-generational analyses with the Swiss Household Panel (1999–2020) support our expectations, indicating that in case of parental separation offspring tends to hold more leftist political orientations, controlling for selection into parental separation and the intergenerational transmission of political ideology. We find empirical support for mechanisms of economic deprivation and single-mother socialization across our analyses. The implications of our findings are that in the family political socialization process, offspring's political orientations are not only influenced by their parents' ideology, but also by formative experiences that result from the family structure.

Class, Identity, Integration, and the Two-Tiered Peace Process

Abstract This article critically examines the extent to which increases in socio-economic equality between Protestants and Catholics over the post-Agreement period has corresponded to a gradual de-centering of ethnopolitical identity in social relations and political processes. I argue that, while there has been an increase in social integration and moderate growth in the political middle ground, such trends are not experienced equally across class contexts. On an everyday basis, ethnopolitical identity is most strongly felt in relatively deprived and religiously segregated communities who have experiencing very little by the way of peace dividends and suffering disproportionately and intergenerationally from conflict-related trauma and an ongoing sense of sectarian threat.

THE CULTURAL AND INTEGRATIVE ROLE OF THE SYMBOLIC SYSTEM OF LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN DETERMINING THE SOCIAL POLICY OF UKRAINE: INTERDISCIPLINARY GLOBALIZATION DISCOURSE

The relevance of the review study arises due to the need to understand the role of language communication in the era of globalization against the background of world economic, socio-political and environmental crises, when a new linguistic picture of the world, a new person and a new quality of life are being formed. In the process of research, we came to the conclusions that (1) clarifying the essence of language as a product of activity, and as the phenomenon of activity itself, showed that social political, ecological and economic processes, as well as problems are to a certain extent the products of linguistic phenomena. Taking these circumstances into account is a necessary condition for the development of Ukraine's social policy. (2) Today, it can be stated that the linguistic paradigmatic turn in the national Ukrainian discourse raised awareness of the importance of sign, language, thinking and culture to a new level, marked by close attention to the revival of Ukrainian ethnic culture in parallel with active intercultural communication against the general background of globalization. (3). Modern sociolinguistic research does not provide a clear picture of the nationalization of linguistic and communicative culture under the conditions of world globalization processes. Instead, it is safe to say that each epoch has its own language and its own specific possibilities of discourse. That is, language and language communication are both an interconnected whole organism and a dynamic, constantly changing, variable system that always creates a problem of understanding. And in periods when the dialogue of eras is destroyed, the problem of understanding is especially relevant, which is observed during globalization that we experience today. (4). Language reserve of probable language communication in solving the problems of understanding and misunderstanding in the existance of ethnic groups consist in the close interaction of their cultures. Communicative interaction of languages and cultures leads not only to intensive information exchange, which occurs at the stage of globalization and the information revolution, but also to an equal dialogue (polylogue) of cultures in the future to jointly solve global human problems on our planet.

Peace and war themes in canonical poems included in literature anthologies for junior high schools in Israel

Purpose The purpose of this research was to study the manifestation of peace and war in the poems included in the new literature curriculum for the junior high school students in Israel. Design/methodology/approach Content analysis. Findings The results of the research, comprised by the content analysis methodology, showed that only three poems could be attributed to the category of war theme. Most of the poems fit to the category of didactic war motif; namely, they describe and refer to wars but are aimed at socializing the readers to peace by presenting them the vainness of wars. Research limitations/implications The brief review addresses only canonic poems and not popular songs. Practical implications The brief review will be directed to decision-makers in author’s country. Social implications Literary works have the ability to play a key role in peace education. Political behavior studies show that patterns of political behavior, such as support for a certain political party, tolerance of minorities and support for human rights are formed and internalized by the individual during childhood and adolescence. Originality/value This research produces a new and sophisticated approach towards the process of political socialization. This brief paper also conveys the new term of “didactic war theme”.

POLITICAL CULTURE AS A SPHERE OF REFLECTION OF POLITICAL INTERESTS AND VALUES

Political culture has been studied as a sphere of reflection of political interests and political values, which is characterized by the presence of a set of attitudes, beliefs, orientations and symbols that are generally accepted and serve to organize political experience and regulate the political behavior of all members of society. At the same time, the political sphere includes the current norms of political life, which, in turn, are determined by the political interests existing in society. Thus, political culture determines the most typical patterns and rules of political behavior, the interaction between the government – the individual – society. The basis of political culture, the element that defines the circle of basic values and unites them, is the national idea. The functioning of the power-management system as a component of the political process is based on the principles determined by the national political culture. Today, the education of new type managers who possess a high political culture as an important component of professionalism is of particular importance. The sphere of political activity becomes truly autonomous from the time when the government of non-professionals gives way to the government of professionals. It is indisputable that in the formation of the political culture and behavior of both the political elite and citizens of Ukraine, their awareness of their own role and importance in the life of the country, responsibility according to their beliefs and values, one of the important means is the process of political socialization and political education.

Transnationalism as theory and practice

The article examines transnationalism as a new approach to the study of migration processes. Globalization has led to the political and economic changes and required the creating of a new approach to the study of migration, capable of analyzing its impact on both receiving and sending states. The transnational approach to migration studies considers migration as a model in which migrants create transnational social spaces and influence political, social and economic processes in both sending and receiving countries.

Children’s drawings of 1917–1918 in Moscow: From iconography to sociology

The paper demonstrates the possibilities of sociological research on the basis of children’s drawings. The authors analyze drawings made by schoolboys in Moscow during the revolution and the beginning of the Civil War in 1917–1918 in Russia. Using iconography as a research method, the authors examines how political characters are depicted in children’s drawings. The objective is to explore the content of the drawings to establish whether the process of political socialization of younger schoolchildren has begun, and whether the sources of visual propaganda of the time influenced the formation of the political consciousness of children. The presence of the four iconographic attributes of the Bolsheviks in children’s drawings indicates that children distinguished them from other political characters. The authors find that some children formed their own attitude as early as 7 to 11 years of age. In a number of drawings children expressed their opinion to the Bolsheviks, equipping the characters with a complex of traits signifying low cultural level, negatively marked poverty, aggression and unhealthy habits. The study therefore concludes that political socialization in Russia in 1917–1918 began under the significant influence of visual propaganda. The analysis of the drawings by school children suggest that the caricatures published in satirical journals and postcards were capable of exerting a direct influence on the children’s political impressions.

Optimal Integration of PV-Based Distributed Generators and Shunt Capacitors for 69 Bus System using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm and ETAP Software

Optimal deployment of photovoltaic-based distributed generators (PVDG) and shunt capacitor units is a perilous task in modern power system planning. This work presents an effective Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) based on social political process for selecting the best locations and sizes for PVDGs and shunt capacitor units. Three different load patterns, i.e., nominal, decremented and incremented are taken into account while installing PVDG and shunt capacitor units in the typical radial distribution systems of 69-bus. The primary objective of this work is to reduce active power losses and to significantly improve the voltage pattern after positioning of PVDG and capacitor units. The results show that the losses are reduced significantly by integrating the PVDG and capacitor units simultaneously at the optimum position in the test system. Furthermore, results of simulating the 69 bus system (with the integrated PVDG and capacitors) prove to be promising and authentic.

Socialization Disrupted: The Intergenerational Transmission of Political Engagement in Immigrant Families

In this article, we examine the political socialization process in immigrant families based on the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS). We find that international migration disrupts the intergenerational transmission of political engagement: associations between voting, political interest, and parent and child socioeconomic status are weaker in immigrant families than in families without a migration background. In particular, the voting behavior of immigrants and their children in particular is only partially explained by standard models of political socialization. In contrast, characteristics specific to the international migration process, including sending country experiences, characteristics of the migration journey, and the pathway to citizenship are critical determinants of voting for immigrant parents, and through political socialization, for their UK-raised children.