Political Process Research Articles

Improvement of administrative-legal regulation of land relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Relevance. Administrative-legal regulation in the field of land relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan today is to ensure the functioning of the system of public administration regarding the ownership, use, and further disposal of land resources and is aimed primarily at creating an effective regulatory framework. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to examine and analyse the administrative-legal regulation of land relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is the following methods and techniques of scientific knowledge: system-structural, dialectical, and comparative methods, system, generalisation, synthesis and abstraction, historical-legal, formal-legal, normative-dogmatic, and comparative-legal research methods. Results. The conducted study allowed forming an understanding of the administrative-legal regulation of land relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan and analysing its features. The study describes the mechanisms and ways to improve administrative-legal regulation. Conclusions. Economic and political processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan in recent years have demonstrated the need to introduce changes not only in the system of land relations regulation but also in the importance of implementing and improving land reform. These changes were reflected in the work on the adoption of a number of legislative initiatives and regulations in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Modification of the approach to administrative-legal regulation of land relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan in recent years has initiated the introduction of land reform and adaptation of this regulation to its requirements. Thus, if the recommendations made based on the study are implemented, it will be possible to accelerate the implementation of land reform and improve the overall administrative-legal regulation in the field of land resources. Keywords: land management; landowners; moratorium; land degradation; resource conservation

ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION, POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IN POLITICAL PARTIES, POLITICAL COSTS, GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR PUBLIC TRUST IN ACEH PROVINCE

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of political communication, political leadership within political parties, political costs, and government support on public trust in Aceh Province. Theoretical framework: The urgency of analyzing political communication, political leadership within political parties, political costs, and government support for public trust in Aceh Province lies in the importance of understanding and enhancing the quality of the political process in the region. By deepening the understanding of these factors, efforts can be made to strengthen effective political communication, build quality political leadership, manage political costs effectively, and increase government support for political parties. This is expected to have a positive impact on public trust in political parties, strengthen democracy, and promote sustainable development in Aceh Province. Design/methodology/approach: the study used an explanatory research method with a quantitative approach in Aceh province. It focused on variables such as political communication, leadership qualities within political parties, political costs, government support, public trust, and voting intention. The sample consisted of 278 respondents, selected using purposive sampling. Data was collected over four months using Google Forms. The objective was to analyze the influence of political communication, leadership qualities, political costs, and government support on public trust, as factors affecting voting intention. Data processing involved steps such as data inspection, coding, and tabulation using an index table. Descriptive analysis, specifically the Index Analysis technique, was used to depict respondents' perceptions. Findings: This research reveals interesting insights into the perception and voting intention towards political parties in Aceh. Respondents showed high satisfaction and agreement with the variables of political communication, leadership qualities within political parties, political costs, and government support in the context of legislative and regional elections. Political communication was perceived as effective by the respondents, and the leadership qualities within political parties were also highly rated. While respondents expressed satisfaction with political costs in elections, there are concerns regarding the proportional relationship between high political costs and the perceived quality of political parties by the public. Government support for political parties was considered satisfactory as well. Public trust can be eroded by corruption, injustice, or government failure to meet public expectations. Therefore, it is important for political parties and the government to strengthen their relationship with the public through empowerment, openness, and responsiveness to public aspirations. The findings of this research provide valuable insights for political parties to improve their strategies. Effective political communication, charismatic leadership within political parties, efficient management of political costs, and strong government support are crucial factors in building trust and winning the hearts of voters. Research, Practical & Social implications: The research findings reveal important insights into the perception and voting intention towards political parties in Aceh. The respondents expressed high satisfaction and agreement with variables such as political communication, leadership qualities within political parties, political costs, and government support in the context of elections. Effective political communication was identified as a crucial factor in building trust between political parties and voters, while the leadership qualities within political parties were highly valued by the respondents. Transparent management of campaign funds and strong government support were also considered important for maintaining public trust. These findings have practical implications for political parties to improve their strategies, including enhancing political communication, developing competent leaders, ensuring transparency in campaign finance, and fostering good relations with the government. Furthermore, the research highlights the social implications of trust in political institutions, emphasizing the need for transparency, accountability, and responsiveness to public aspirations to maintain public trust in the government and promote a healthy political system and democracy. Originality/value: This research provides original insights into the perception and voting intention towards political parties in Aceh, highlighting high satisfaction with political communication, leadership qualities, political costs, and government support. However, concerns arise regarding the proportional relationship between high political costs and the perceived quality of political parties. It emphasizes the importance of strengthening the relationship between political parties, the government, and the public through empowerment, openness, and responsiveness to build trust. The findings offer valuable recommendations for political parties to improve their strategies, focusing on effective communication, charismatic leadership, efficient management of costs, and strong government support as crucial factors in winning the hearts of voters.

Misunderstanding Myanmar through the lens of democracy

Abstract This article takes the 2021 military coup in Myanmar and its violent aftermath as a starting point for analysing the dominant lens through which western observers commonly narrate the country's politics as a struggle for democracy. It shows how focusing on questions of the political system is insufficient for explaining political processes and conflict dynamics, and how it risks sanitizing the country's past and presence of nationalism, ethnic conflict and genocide. A postcolonial reading suggests that finding solutions to conflict and authoritarianism in Myanmar demands questioning the role of the modern nation-state itself. This analysis contributes to recent research which has found that Conflict and Peace Studies develops theories from some conflicts over others, reflecting how western interests shape academic choices in a field that aims to inform policy and practice worldwide. This article contributes to this debate on knowledge production by arguing that this selectivity bias is not simply a function of general western interest (or lack thereof). It is also linked to the frames that govern our interest in and understanding of countries and regions worldwide. Studying ‘forgotten conflicts’ in the global South not only necessitates a turn to specialist literature, but also demands moving beyond Eurocentric frames of reference.

The changing role of cooperatives in the Swedish housing regime – a path dependence analysis

Several studies have demonstrated the importance of path dependence in housing institutions and policy. So far, however, perspectives of path dependence have not been systematically applied to cooperative housing. This article analyses, in terms of path dependence and change, the historical development of the uniquely large Swedish cooperative sector and its role in the Swedish universal housing regime. The main focus is on three political processes, which are found to be ‘critical junctures’ changing the historical trajectory of the cooperative sector: (1) the introduction of the first Tenant-Ownership Act in 1930, when tenant-ownership was established as a housing tenure; (2) the introduction of the Swedish universal housing regime after WWII, when cooperative housing was granted a central role in housing provision; (3) the deregulation of the cooperative tenure in 1968–1969, which opened the road towards marketization and further expansion. The games between political actors and cooperative leaders and members at these critical junctures and the institutional outcomes are analysed in terms of mechanisms of path dependence. The article concludes with a discussion of the merits and potential problems of applying path dependence analysis to housing regimes in general and to the role of housing cooperatives more particularly.

Interdisciplinary Insights: Unraveling the Nexus of Commerce and Political Psychology

This article explores the intricate interplay between commerce, management, and economics with the realms of political science and psychology. Employing an interdisciplinary lens, the study investigates how political processes and psychological factors influence and are influenced by economic and managerial decisions. Through a comprehensive research methodology, the article uncovers significant correlations, shedding light on the symbiotic relationship between commerce and political psychology. The results and discussions provide nuanced insights for both scholars and practitioners, fostering a holistic understanding of the dynamic intersections between these seemingly disparate fields.

Soundscape techniques applied to urban planning goals

The soundscape method is a powerful tool for understanding the perception of our acoustical environment. Urban planning is the technical and political process by which we manage and mold our cities. Smart growth is a movement within urban planning which emphasizes the livability of our surroundings. These disciplines all seek to shape the form of our communities to improve the quality of life for those who live, work, and play there. Yet, there has been little formal interaction between soundscaping and urban planning. It is imperative that soundscapers who wish to implement improved urban designs and interventions adopt the language and methods of urban planners in order to succeed and accomplish their mutual goals. Soundscape protocols must engage the urban planning process, including the comprehensive, or master, plan to achieve implementation on a city-wide scale. Several recent initiatives which illustrate the integration of soundscape techniques with urban planning methods are presented and discussed.

"We are a Generation of Slaves. We Support the Protests But do not Take to the Streets": Why Older Immigrants From the Former Soviet Union are not Part of the Protests Against the Judicial Overhaul in Israel.

Beginning in 2023, Israel has been the site of extensive protests against a proposed judicial overhaul, drawing widespread participation. However, there is a notable absence of older individuals from minority groups, particularly older immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU), within these protests. This study aims to explore the perspectives of this group on the judicial overhaul and to reveal the reasons behind their non-participation in the protests. The study involved semi-structured interviews with 20 older FSU immigrants (age 65+). Through thematic content analysis, two main themes emerged: the attitudes of FSU older immigrants towards the proposed judicial overhaul and the factors contributing to their non-involvement in the protests. Participants exhibited diverse opinions on the judicial overhaul, ranging from outright disapproval to ambivalence or indecision. The lack of participation in the protests was attributed to multiple factors, including (1) older age and age-related limitations, (2) unique historical experiences and characteristics of the FSU immigrant cohort, and (3) a lack of unified stance and organization within the FSU immigrant community. The study provides insights into the challenges and barriers faced by older individuals in FSU immigrant minority groups in engaging with political processes and decision-making. These findings are of significant importance to policymakers, researchers, and professionals working with immigrant communities. Understanding these dynamics can aid in developing more inclusive and representative political processes and support engaging mechanisms for older minority immigrants.

The phenomenon of value conflict in the mass media space

The author examines in detail the phenomenon of value conflict in the mass media space. With the advent of mass media, political conflict has acquired a new scale and role, developing on several planes: in reality, in the media, in social media and in the minds of the audience. Modern society is oversaturated with information, which leads to the question of the effective use of media resources and their uneven distribution. In the context of the information society, new types of conflicts arise related to the relationship of factual and necessary information, which emphasizes the importance of studying the mediatization of political conflicts and their impact on public relations. The media space is an environment where political conflicts are formed and resolved, thereby defining many aspects of social life and interaction. The article focuses on the role of values in the political process, reveals the influence of the media on the formation of attitudes and behavior in conflict conditions. The object of the study is a political conflict in the media space. The subject of the study is the mediatization of political relations in the context of the value characteristics of society. The purpose of the study is to determine the role and place of media in the processes of managing political and value conflict in modern society. The research uses activity-based, axiological and systematic approaches that allow us to penetrate into the essence of the phenomenon of the mass media space and trace the transformation of values in it that are the subject of conflict relations. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the fact that it substantiates the need to revise classical approaches to the consideration of such categories as: information war, political and value conflict in the media space. As part of the conflict agenda, the media can chronicle events, mediate and make forecasts. They influence the formation of attitudes and behaviors of social groups in conflict conditions, have the potential to form stereotypes of constructive (or not) behavior. The study of the mediatization of political conflict in a value-based way allows us to identify the features and patterns of formation of models of "conflict behavior" in the information field (participating and observing parties), the choice of motives, strategies and opportunities in the conflict, goals and ideas about the development of the conflict.

The political process in nations: Civil society participation and income inequality

AbstractThis study delves into the influence of civil society participation on income inequality, a topic that has received limited scholarly attention. Civil society participation refers to the activities of citizens who organize into various groups, known as civil society organizations, to pursue common interests and goals. These organizations span a wide range, including interest groups, labor unions, spiritual bodies engaging in civic or political activities, social movements, professional associations, charities, and other nongovernmental entities. Our research utilizes an extensive panel dataset, encompassing a global sample of countries from 1975 to 2019. We aim to comprehensively analyze the direct effects of civil society participation on income inequality. Our findings reveal that higher levels of civil society participation are effective in reducing inequality over the short, medium, and long term. These results have significant implications for policymakers. They suggest that encouraging and facilitating civil society participation could be a viable strategy for addressing income inequality. By understanding the dynamics of how civil society engagement influences economic disparities, policymakers can better design and implement measures that promote more equitable economic outcomes. This research contributes to the broader discourse on economic inequality and the potential role of civil society in mitigating it.

The role of the armed forces in the April 2002 coup attempt in Venezuela

The article deals with the problem of the influence of representatives of the National Armed Forces of Venezuela on the course and results of the coup in April 2002. The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that the failed coup became a key point in the first stage of the government of Hugo Chavez and largely determined the president's policy towards further establishing personal control over all institutions of power, as well as definitively outlined the harsh anti-American vector of the Bolivarian policy. The emphasis on the actions of military officials in the coup makes it possible to determine their real significant role in the April events. In this regard, attention is paid to the influence of the institution of the army in general and individual officers in particular on political processes in Venezuela. The methodological basis in the article is provided by general scientific (descriptive, analysis and synthesis), as well as historical (chronological) and political science (institutional) research methods. In Russian historiography, the episode with the coup, as a rule, was considered within the framework of global studies on H. Chavez and Chavismo in general. Therefore, within the framework of the work, more emphasis is placed on foreign historiography. These facts determine the novelty of the work, which consists both in attracting previously unused materials to the study, and in specifying the topic of the coup and the role of the Venezuelan Armed Forces in it. Based on the analyzed data, the conclusions of the work indicate that the actual intervention of senior officers in the political crisis in the country initially brought the presidency to the putschists, and then deprived them of almost seized power, ensuring the return of Hugo Chavez to the Miroflores Palace. In addition, independence in the actions of the military is emphasized in the conditions of chaos and a vacuum of power that came on April 11, 2002. In this regard, it is also indicated that specifically the senior officers acted spontaneously and were not actively involved in the real-life conspiratorial circles that were preparing a coup d'etat. Therefore, when the military most important for the coup saw that the measures taken by the putschists did not meet their vision, they deprived the right of their support and did not actually oppose the fact that another group of military officers returned the legitimately elected president to office.

Study of positive value attitude of university students to patriotism

Introduction. In modern conditions, in connection with the active process of integration of states and the internationalization of education, the issues of patriotic education of youth are becoming increasingly important. Patriotism is the main aspect of the sociocultural sphere. It becomes a priority to deeply understand how patriotism is perceived by young people, and how these views can influence the formation of young people’s civic, national identity, their willingness to participate in world initiatives and overcome global challenges. The purpose of the study is to study aspects of the positive value attitude of university students to patriotism and to determine the main levels and criteria for the formation of patriotic values. Materials and methods. The study involved university students in Petrozavodsk (Russia) in the areas of training “Pedagogical education (with two profiles of training) Life Safety and Physical Culture” and “Musicology and Musical Applied Arts” (n=99). Research methods: literature analysis, questionnaires, analysis of student works (essays), methods of descriptive statistics using MS Excel. Results. Within the framework of this study, key aspects are identified that influence students’ positive value attitude towards patriotism, such as: education, family upbringing, socio-cultural environment of the university and regional characteristics. The prevalence of a high level of positive-value attitude towards patriotism with a pronounced socially significant component among students-musicians and a focus on personal significance in the realization of life goals among student teachers is shown. Analysis of the data, according to the general indicator, showed that 61.8% of respondents have a high level of positive value attitude towards patriotism; average – 27.7%; emotional passivity and a low level of attitude towards patriotism are characteristic of 10.5% of respondents. Discussion of results and conclusion. The positive value attitude of university students to patriotism is of great importance in the formation of civic activity, national consciousness and identity. The results of the study confirmed that this is manifested through a positive attitude towards one’s country and its values, promotes active participation in public life, political processes, volunteer events, as well as an understanding of one’s cultural and historical affiliation for the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage and traditions. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of diagnostic tools for assessing, forming and adjusting the positive value attitude of students to patriotism in the educational space of the university

The Level of Political Astuteness in Nursing Leaders: A Baseline Assessment.

To assess the baseline knowledge of nursing leaders regarding political advocacy and healthcare policy. Although there has been considerable attention to the need for nurses' involvement in health policy, there has not been a prior assessment of the political astuteness of nursing leaders. Researchers analyzed self-reported data from 101 nursing leaders collected via electronic survey from American Organization for Nursing Leadership members. Descriptive, correlational analysis of data assessing political astuteness and background information was completed. Half of the nurse leader participants demonstrated slight political astuteness. Nurse executives, including those in chief nursing officer, chief nurse executive, and vice president positions, had higher levels of political astuteness than those in nurse director and manager positions. Nursing leaders have beginning levels of political astuteness. Formal education is recommended to increase the knowledge base of nurse leaders in the areas of understanding the political and legislative process and the skills needed to advocate regarding healthcare policy, thus increasing their level of political astuteness.

Zur alten und neuen Logik der Agrarpolitik in Europa: Gibt es effektive Steuerungsmechanismen einer nachhaltigen Landwirtschaft?

Abstract Few policies have been as heavily criticised as European agricultural policy. Consequently, since its establishment in 1962, it has been in a continuous process of reform, encompassing six major reforms in the last 30 years alone. The central question arises: What is the logic behind the endless reform history of EU agricultural policy? Are agricultural reforms fundamentally a logical consequence of changing objectives or structural conditions, and thus dynamically efficient? Or do they represent a sequence of unsuccessful political learning processes and thus a perpetual policy failure? The latter implies that there are more efficient policy options that would be politically feasible given the democratic power relations and decision-making processes in place.

Changed reality: political and value aspect

The article analyzes transformational sociocultural, political and ideological processes in a number of regions of the country and in the mass consciousness — in a changing reality — on the basis of a monitoring study carried out by the Center for the Sociology of Ideological and Sociocultural Processes of the ISPI FNISC RAS in recent years (2022–2023). among residents of the Northwestern Federal District, Central Federal District, Southern Federal District and Volga Federal District. It demonstrates, for example, the state of the sociocultural sphere and the place of values in it, its relationship and interdependence with political reality, the degree to which various types of values are ensured — human rights and freedoms, security, social security, humanitarian, cultural, spiritual and moral, religious, etc. The transformation processes occurring within the framework of the sociocultural, political and ideological situation in the country and in the mass consciousness have been comprehensively studied, including using the provisions of the current state program on the Fundamentals of State Policy for the preservation and strengthening of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 809 of November 9, 2022), as well as the dynamics of the relationship between relevant processes and values of various types — traditional cultural, spiritual and moral, political democratic. The tools of the relevant studies included questions concerning, in particular, the assessment of the political, sociocultural in the country, in the conditions of a changing reality, as well as aspects of ensuring the main humanitarian values — human rights and freedoms, security, social protection, etc.

The Archaeological Legacy of the Lignite Boom in Upper Lusatia

At the beginning of the 19th century, nobody in the landscape of the heaths and ponds of Lusatia, a small region in the German-Polish border area, would have suspected the lasting effects of the lignite mining boom on the economy, landscape, and the local communities there. The initially small underground mines soon developed into large open-pit mines. 'Industrial cathedrals' were established, new cities were raised out of the heathland, long-distance transport networks were expanded, and industrial centres emerged that gained importance throughout Europe. The local population and culture changed through migration, adaptation and assimilation, the landscape through the huge earth movements caused by lignite mining. This enormous transformation of an entire region has an impact on identity even today, and still influences political processes. It is now the task of archaeology and heritage management organisations to document this recent past as well and to preserve its cultural value.

Prefigurative Politics at Bread and Puppet Theater

Abstract Bread and Puppet (B&P) Theater is one of the oldest, most influential, and well-known puppet theaters both in the United States and abroad and has been at the forefront of puppetry, performance, and political protest for more than half a century. B&P also functions as a site of tension in prefigurative political theory, between creative world building and alternative decision-making structures. B&P fosters a powerful lived experience of prefigurative politics. The political process of envisioning alternative realities took place through performance, puppets, and the shifting sense of temporality in an isolated location. At the same time, B&P operates in a state of flux, at the center of a constant stream of apprentices, volunteers, and audience members. They rely on hierarchical decision-making to facilitate order, which challenges the prefigurative ideal of a democratic community. B&P models a mediated form of prefigurative politics in which a hierarchical governance structure and creative world building exist in tension with one another. The theater has worked within this tension to survive and even flourish. B&P complicates prefigurative politics in social movement theory and practice, as the hierarchy helps preserve some sense of order but conflicts with the more egalitarian vision of the world represented in their performances. B&P's intervention in prefigurative politics offers lessons to social movements and artistic practices in the contemporary resurgence of prefigurative politics.

“Environmental Dimension” of Article 234 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and Russian Legislation on the Regulation of Navigation in the Waters of the Northern Sea Route

INTRODUCTION. Climate change in the Arctic, caused by global warming, as well as the political processes taking place in the world associated with increased pressure from the countries of the collective West on the Russian Federation, again raise in Western doctrine the question of the validity of the Russian Federation establishing a national regime for navigation in the waters of the Northern Sea Route in accordance with Article 234 of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Doubts have been raised about our country’s compliance with the Convention’s requirement to maintain a balance between freedom of navigation and environmental protection. The purpose of this work is to analyze the validity of claims against the Russian Federation regarding its alleged abuse of the right to establish a national regime for navigation in the Arctic under the guise of environmental protection.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The problems raised in the work are structurally divided into three main groups. The first of them is related to the analysis of the characteristics of shipping in the Arctic under conditions of a changing climate, as well as the determination of the need to establish a special legal regime for navigation in polar waters. The second is devoted to the systematic interpretation of Article 234 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, in its relationship with other norms of the Convention, identifying the criteria and restrictions established therein in relation to the rules of navigation adopted by the coastal state in ice-covered areas, as well as the legal content of the requirement of “due attention to navigation and protection and conservation of the marine environment.” The third part of the work is devoted to assessing the legislation of the Russian Federation on the regulation of navigation along the Northern Sea Route for its compliance with the requirements of Article 234 and maintaining the balance of freedom of navigation and protection of the marine environment in the Arctic.RESEARCH RESULTS. The legislation of the Russian Federation on the regulation of navigation in the waters of the Northern Sea Route fully meets the conditions and criteria established by Article 234 of the Convention, and is aimed at ensuring the functioning of a unified and centralized system for managing the safety of navigation in the particularly dangerous conditions of the Arctic, preventing accidents and environmental pollution environment. The restrictions established by Russian legislation are not discriminatory and are based on current and constantly updated scientific data.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Shipping in polar waters involves enormous risks to human life, valuable property and an extremely fragile and vulnerable environment. The effects of global warming are only exacerbating these risks, leading to increased ice instability and worsening climate problems. In this regard, in ice-covered areas, a centralized navigation management system is objectively necessary, and the establishment of special, uniform legal regulation to ensure the uninterrupted functioning of such a system. A systematic interpretation of Article 234 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea allows us to conclude that the establishment by a coastal state within its EEZ of non-discriminatory laws and regulations aimed at preventing, reducing and keeping under control pollution of the marine environment from ships is not a privilege, but a duty of the state based on its more general obligation to protect the marine environment, established in articles 192 and 194 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. The rule of “due respect to navigation” in this regard should be interpreted to mean that the restrictions and requirements imposed by the laws and regulations of the coastal State must be primarily aimed at ensuring the safety and protection of the marine environment in harsh climatic conditions, without being at the same time discriminatory, unreasonable and excessive.

The Role of the Millennial Generation as Candidates for Legislative Members in 2024 Election

The millennial generation has great potential to serve as legislative candidates in the 2024 election. They bring new perspectives, innovative thinking, and technological skills that can make a positive contribution to the legislative process. This research aimed to analyze and describe the role of the millennial generation as legislative candidates in the 2024 election. This research used descriptive qualitative techniques, which required a literature review that involved searching for relevant reading material in books or articles. This research shows that there was a challenge for the millennial generation in facing the 2024 election, namely that there is a negative stigma, sometimes they are said to tend to be lazy, anti-social, and even seen as not understanding politics and not caring about national conditions, although this is not entirely true. Motives and encouragement of the Millennial Generation to Become Candidates for Legislative Membership in 2024 are due to the hope that this generation can bring more adaptive, inclusive, and progressive changes to the policy-making process, such as the call to be involved in the political process, feel better represented, and hope for change. The potential for the millennial generation becomes legislative members in the 2024 election, because they have creativity and innovation, progressive thinking, and acceptance of the millennial generation in society in the 2024 election.

International Law Issues Concerning Marine Environment Protection in the Arctic

International Law Issues Concerning Marine Environment Protection in the Arctic

The End of Liberal Peacebuilding

The End of Liberal Peacebuilding