Political Posters Research Articles

A Study on Symbolic Symbol and Expressive Features in Political Posters

존 하트필드 포토몽타주의 분석을 통하여 정치포스터의 문제점과 개선방안을 검토하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 존 하트필드는 독일 극우주의와 히틀러를 비판하는 많은 포토몽타주를 제작했다. 그의 포토몽타주는 선동적인 정치포스터이며 뛰어난 예술 작품으로 평가받고 있다. 정치적 성향이 강한 존 하트필드의 포토몽타주는 사진, 미술, 영화, 시각디자인 등 다양한 분야에 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구는 존 하트필드 작품의 상징기호와 표현특성이 시각적 수사법 관점에서 어떻게 해석되는지 확인하기 위해, 존 하트필드 작품의 시각적 요소를 도출하고, 이를 바탕으로 시각적 수사법의 사례에 대해 분석하였다. 연구결과 패러디와 강조법이 다양하게 표현되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 컬러에서는 모노톤의 무채색으로 암울한 시대상을 비유법으로 표현하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 보다 효율적인 정치포스터의 제작과 구현이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

Fexit: The effect of political and promotional communication from friends and family on Facebook exiting intentions

Facebook enjoys worldwide popularity, but public trust in the site is waning. Some users are exiting Facebook while others are decreasing the intensity and frequency in which they engage with the site. Many brands rely on social media, but consumers’ changing behaviors, coupled with Facebook’s algorithm changes, may force brands to switch social media marketing strategies. This research uses exiting behavior, social capital, and closeness as theoretical lenses to explore why Facebook users decrease or eliminate their use of the site in the “post-trust era” of Facebook. A mixed-methods approach is used across three studies. Findings suggest that Facebook users feel freer to express themselves and are less likely to leave Facebook over their interactions with non-family than with family. While brand-focused and political posts negatively affect future Facebook use, there are important differences regarding aligned versus opposing political content from family and non-family. Theoretical and managerial implications are offered.

Development of rule-based expert system for conceptualisation of poster design

This study discusses development of rule-based expert system (R-ES) as a decision support for poster design conceptualisation. Users of the proposed expert system are novice poster designers while the experts are senior and professional poster designers. Development of R-ES is started by defining type of poster to be designed. Based on professional poster designer’s experiences, 5 types of poster have been proposed, which are advertising, information, movie, event and political poster. A knowledge-based system consists of IF-THEN rules have been developed by the experts to determine poster design concept that are colour combination, poster size, font type and size, expert note, and poster sample. Result of this study is an online expert system for conceptualisation of poster design that could be widely used by novice poster designers without constrained by space and time.

Facebook Posts : Exploration and Comprehension of Sensationalism

The research was done to explore and ratify sensationalism in Facebook posts as is present in the mass media. The question is whether the news through Facebook posts evokes sensationalism in the same way as it happens in case of mass media. To check the degree of sensationalism, 150 posts from three genres of crime, politics, and social interest were chosen as a stimulus in the form of news. Fifty respondents responded to 150 posts on a 7 - point Likert scale. The research tried to understand whether there is any difference in sensationalism towards sensational Facebook posts among people, or is it the same ; is there any difference in sensationalism towards Facebook posts from three different areas of crime, politics, and social interest; and whether people responded differently to foreign crime and Indian crime posts. The study also examined whether pro - BJP and anti - BJP posts evoked a different level of sensationalism. The research concluded that people exhibited a different degree of sensation towards sensational posts on Facebook ; while crime posts were found to be more sensational than social interest posts and political posts, the crime posts from the US scored higher than the Indian crime posts on being sensational.

Perception of Nigerian Youths on the ‘Not Too Young to Run’ Campaign

There is no gainsaying that youths are great assets that any nation can tap. They are the future of the nation; they are equally potential investment for a country's development. The ‘Not Too Young to Run' campaign is aimed at giving constitutional opportunities to the youths to vie for political offices. However, it is important for the youth to be aware of this campaign. It is against this backdrop that this paper seeks to investigate the perception of Nigerian youths on the not too young to run campaign. This study examined perception of youths on the Not Too Young to Run Campaign. Youths in Offa Local Government were used as study. In conducting this study, four objectives were set which led to the adoption of survey research method as research design. Questionnaire was the instrument used in gathering data. The analysis of the data gathered reveals the following, that: the level of awareness of the youths on the ‘Not Too Young to Run' campaign is high, majority of the respondents consider the ‘Not Too Young to Run' Law passed by the National Assembly as an excellent law. Funding and fear of violence are the major barriers to the political participation of the youths in Nigeria politics. This study therefore recommends that the youths should be encouraged by giving them slots of political posts by political parties. Youths occupying political offices should try to make good use of their offices to serve humanity. Political campaigns should be regulated so as to reduce fund involved in campaigns during elections.

A Study on the Expressive Features in the era of Soviet and Russian Political Posters

A Study on the Expressive Features in the era of Soviet and Russian Political Posters

Posters, Politics and Power: Mediated Materialisation of Public Authority in Bangladesh Party Politics

Party-political posters, banners and hoardings mark the everyday urban landscape of Bangladesh. They have become pervasive visual and material expressions of everyday politics in an environment where ‘visibility means everything’. This article seeks to understand local politics and power dynamics in Bangladesh through party-political posters while suggesting that the symbolism and material permanence of these posters may be considered efficacious elements in a wider network of party politics. Political posters in Bangladesh are more than mere conveyors of political messages for electoral victory. Instead, they are essential ‘to the composition, maintenance, and assemblage’ of inter- and intra-party politics. Political posters emerged as an important device in the socio-material conceptualisation of power, political performance and space in local politics in Bangladesh; it is through these posters that inter-party rivalries over space and authority are mediated and how intra-party power relations become structured.

Votate Lollio come edile; lo chiedono i fabbricanti di stuoie. Note pedagogiche sui manifesti politici dell'antica Pompei

In addition to boredom and in addition to the disgust for the barbarization of language and the superficiality of reasoning, the so-called permanent electoral campaign that characterizes political current affairs leads to a general miseducation of all citizens regarding the meaning of the elections. Despite this deleterious crushing on the present of politics and all its nuances, it is worth remembering that suffrage and propaganda have traveled, with mixed success and tortuous upheavals, all of European history.A precious and incomparable trace of this long and controversial story is the so-called political manifestos of ancient Pompeii, wall paintings of the scriptores that, between 62 and 79 AD, urged voters to express themselves on their magistrates. The tituli picti of ancient Pompeii offer us an opportunity to reflect on the original dimension of politics and the electoral phenomenon which, bon gre mal gre, is intrinsic to our education for citizenship.

Plakat polityczny w chorwackiej ikonosferze

The titular problem of Croatian political poster, regarded as an art of margins, is treated by the author, according to the order of chapters, in four main aspects: historical, aesthetic, socio-political, and cultural one. The development of poster art, correlated with national history in 19th and 20th century Croatia, is presented in the chapter “In the vapour of history”. In the next chapters some particular sections of the searching field are described. These sections are as follows: technique of montage of the pictures, modern iconoclastic practices, chaos vs. order, and the place (“From margin to centre”).

Facebook fake profile identification: technical and ethical considerations

PurposeIn March 2019, Facebook updated its security procedures requesting ID verification for people who wish to advertise or promote political posts of adverts. The announcement received little media coverage even though it is an interesting development in the battle against fake news. This paper aims to review the current literature on different approaches in the battle against the spread of fake news, including the use of computer algorithms, artificial intelligence (AI) and introduction of ID checks.Design/methodology/approachCritical to the evaluation is consideration into ID checks as a means to combat the spread of fake news. To understand the process and how it works, the team undertook a social experiment combined with reflective analysis to better understand the impact of ID check policies when combined with other standards policies of a typical platform.FindingsThe analysis identifies grave concerns. In a wider context, standardising such policy will leave political activists in countries vulnerable to reprisal from authoritarian regimes. Other victims of the impacts include people who use fake names to protect the identity of adopted children or to protect anonymity from abusive partners.Originality/valueThe analysis also points to the fact that troll armies could bypass these checks rendering the use of ID checks less effective in the battle to combat fake news.

Образ детства в политической рекламе в советской и современной России

The article discusses the results of a comparative analysis of socio-political communicative technologies that use the image of childhood as a tool to influence mass consciousness in Soviet and modern Russia. The research has revealed shifts in semantic emphasis that political technologists ascribe to the image of childhood. Compared to the Soviet political poster, modern political party advertising tends to show a more consumer-like and indifferent attitude to children. This shift has become especially pronounced in recent years, which makes the study of the image of childhood in political discourse relevant. The author concludes that in today’s Russia the image of childhood is still much more relevant for the symbolic politics of political parties than, for example, in the United States.

The Virtues of Military Politics

Sociologists and political scientists have long fretted over the dangers that a politicized military poses to democracy. In recent times, however, civil–military relations experts in the United States accepted retired or indeed still serving generals and admirals in high-ranking political posts. Despite customary revulsion from scholars, the sudden waivers are an indicator that military participation in momentous national security decisions is inherently political without necessarily being partisan, including when civilian authority defers to a largely autonomous sphere for objective military expertise. Military politics is actually critical for healthy civil–military collaboration, when done prudently and moderately. Janowitz and Huntington, founders of the modern study of civil–military relations, understood the U.S. military’s inevitable invitation to political influence. Here, we elaborate on two neglected dimensions, implicit in their projects, of military politics under objective civilian control based on classical virtues of civic republicanism: Aristotle’s practical wisdom and Machiavelli’s virtú.

Flagging Facebook Falsehoods: Self-Identified Humor Warnings Outperform Fact Checker and Peer Warnings

AbstractWe present two studies evaluating the effectiveness of flagging inaccurate political posts on social media. In Study 1, we tested fact-checker flags, peer-generated flags, and a flag indicating that the publisher self-identified as a source of humor. We predicted that all would be effective, that their effectiveness would depend on prior beliefs, and that the self-identified humor flag would work best. Conducting a 2-wave online experiment (N = 218), we found that self-identified humor flags were most effective, reducing beliefs and sharing intentions, especially among those predisposed to believe the post. We found no evidence that warnings from fact checkers or peers were beneficial. Compared to the alternatives, participants exposed to self-identified humor flags exhibited less reactance to and had more positive appraisals of the flagging system. The second study (N = 610) replicated the findings of the first and provides a preliminary test of what makes this flag work.

Biased into posting: interactions with social media network political posts during the 2016 U.S. presidential election

The 2016 U.S. presidential election saw social media continue to play an important role in citizens’ political engagement. This study examines the effect of seeing social media political post sharing on individuals’ own political post sharing. Results from a two-wave survey suggest the interplay within the network is important. Seeing others share political posts and perceiving posts were biased towards a candidate predicted sharing political posts.

Cognitive and affective responses to political disinformation in Facebook

The epidemic of political disinformation in social media has in part triggered the transition to the post-truth era in which emotional and ideological appeals are more influential in shaping public opinion than objective facts. In this study we examined the cognitive and affective responses that political disinformation prompted in Facebook, as the most popular social media platform. Through text analysis of user comments corpora on nearly 2,100 political posts from popular sources in Facebook, we found that compared to true news, political disinformation received significantly less analytic responses from Facebook followers. While the results indicated greater anxiety in responses to true news, responses to political disinformation were filled with greater anger and incivility. We also found similar (low) levels of cognitive thinking in responses to extreme conservative and extreme liberal disinformation. Contrary to prior research findings, our results indicated that responses to extreme liberal disinformation in Facebook were filled with greater anger and incivility. This suggests that the incivility and outrage in online political discourses should not be attributed to a specific political party without considering the concurrent political events.

World-class archive of radical political posters

World-class archive of radical political posters

Глобализация советской повседневности глазами политического плаката периода 1946-1964 гг.

Глобализация советской повседневности глазами политического плаката периода 1946-1964 гг.

Multimodality and discourse viewpoint configuration: A case study of UK political posters

The aim of this paper is to provide a cognitive semantic analysis of multimodal viewpoint phenomena by conducting a case study of political campaign posters from the United Kingdom’s Conservative and Labour parties. It provides a qualitative account of a selection of posters within the framework of Discourse Viewpoint Space (Dancygier and Vandelanotte 2016), specifically exploring discourse viewpoint configurations in the posters with a special focus on their texts (e.g., lexical choices and style), visual images, and the viewpoints of different participants (i.e., current speaker/addressee and represented speaker/addressee). We collected 87 posters from the Advertising Archives (http://www.advertisingarchives.co.uk) in August 2018. We categorized the selected posters into three types: (1) those explicitly encoding the speaker, (2) those explicitly encoding the addressee, and (3) those explicitly encoding both. We take a detailed look at each type, focusing on whether the viewpoint of the current interlocutor is aligned with that of the represented interlocutor, assuming that the current speaker is equivalent to those who design the posters, and the current addressee to those who view the posters. Based on this inductive functional taxonomy, this paper discusses how the multimodal posters’ political messages are constructed and construed in terms of the levels of hierarchical viewpoint networks, which include local perspectives and more comprehensive discourse viewpoints, as well as viewpoint alignment between the participants. The study shows that the viewpoint configurations of the posters are key to the articulation of the intended messages such that they fit the values of the two political parties. The study also supports the claim that multiple viewpoints are intrinsic to meaning construction, and to the conceptualization of multimodal expressions (Sweetser 2012). (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

«Республика Косово»: наркотеррор регионального и глобального уровня

<p>Статья посвящена анализу проблем провозглашения так называемой Республики Косово, в жизни которой значительное место имеет деятельность албанских наркокриминальных структур.</p>

Accidentally Attentive:Comparing visual, close-ended, and open-ended measures of attention on social media

The question of how to measure exposure to different types of content on social media grows in importance with increased use of these platforms. Social media further complicate this task by bringing diverse content into the same space, raising the question of whether selective exposure or incidental exposure theories best explain attention patterns. We contribute to this debate in two ways. First, we test how well visual attention aligns with expressed content preferences to understand attention online. Second, we compare visual attention to diverse social media content to two types of self-reported measures of recalled attention to content – close-ended versus open-ended – to examine how best to measure attention. Using eye tracking, we demonstrate that visual attention to social, news, and political posts is not associated with interest in those topics, suggesting attention to content seen incidentally on social media is quite high. Second, we find that visual attention to social and political (but not news) posts relates to close-ended self-reported measures of recalled attention, but visual attention is associated with open-ended recalled attention only for political posts. We propose that researchers need to go beyond measures of exposure and carefully consider how best to measure attention to social media content.