Political Phenomena Research Articles

Сепаратизм в политике и религии: сравнительный анализ

Scientific positions regarding the nature of political and religious separatism are analyzed. The general reasons for the emergence of separatist movements in the religious and political environment are identified. Separatism is considered not only from the point of view of the negative connotations inherent in this concept in the media environment, but also as a constructive phenomenon - a direct consequence of the active development of social relations. It must be recognized that separatism is a complex, multilayered phenomenon in religion and politics, and can have both constructive and destructive effects, leading to internal strife and social upheaval. Because of the close interaction between religion and politics, political and religious separatism have much in common. As a result, a specific kind of separatism - religious and political - is emerging.

Understanding Voting Behavior Models: A Critical Review

<p class="TableParagraph"><em>This research aims to explore the impact of money politics on voting behavior, compliance and voter loyalty in Indonesia using literature study and desk research methods. Money politics, which involves providing material incentives to voters, has become a widespread and influential phenomenon in the electoral system in Indonesia. This study analyzes various literature and secondary data to understand how money politics influences voters' preferences, their level of compliance with candidates who provide incentives, and their loyalty to political parties or candidates.</em></p><p class="TableParagraph"><em>The research results show that money politics has a significant influence on voting behavior, where voters who receive incentives tend to choose candidates or parties that provide these incentives. However, this influence is often temporary and does not guarantee long-term loyalty. Voter loyalty to candidates who provide incentives is also influenced by economic motivations, and voter loyalty tends to weaken due to the practice of money politics, causing them to more easily change their support in the next election if there is a more profitable offer.</em></p><p class="TableParagraph"><em>To reduce the negative impact of money politics, this research recommends increasing political education, stricter law enforcement, and strengthening electoral institutions. A holistic approach involving the government, electoral institutions, civil society organizations and the wider community is needed to overcome this problem and strengthen democracy in Indonesia. This research provides in-depth insight into the phenomenon of money politics and offers recommendations for improving the quality of elections in Indonesia.</em></p><p class="TableParagraph"><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong></p><p class="TableParagraph"><em>money politics, voting behavior, voter compliance, voter loyalty,</em></p>

Phenomenology of Ulama and Indonesian Politics

The purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomenon of scholars and politics in Indonesia. The type of data used in this study is qualitative data, which is categorized into two types, namely primary data and secondary data. This research obtained the results that ulama become people who are in the community but are higher in position than leaders. This important position is because the advice, advice and input of scholars' will always be needed by the leader. This is due to the dynamics of Islamic politics, one of which is the transformation carried out by NU youths who were originally pesantren-based into academics and active on campus, The political movement within NU did initially seem reactive which was influenced by the existence of socio-pyolytic conditions on the one hand and external factors that led to the birth of the change process itself.

Dampak Dinasti Politik Terhadap Culture Demokrasi Pancasila di Indonesia

Abstract This article examines the development of political dynasties in Indonesia and their impact on Pancasila democracy. The phenomenon of dynastic politics at the local level, which is increasingly prevalent in various regions of Indonesia, is the background of this discussion. The emergence of politics under this dynasty presents various positive and negative aspects, which reflect the dynamics of the political culture of Indonesian society in politics and democracy. Families maintain power by placing their members in strategic positions in the formal (government) and informal (business or project) sectors. The history of Indonesian governance shows the existence of political dynasties that last for years. If not addressed, these political dynasties can flourish, creating pros and cons amidst the implementation of Pancasila democratic governance. This research aims to explore the implementation of governance in Indonesia and understand how political dynasties affect the development of Pancasila democracy in the country.

Problems and prospects for reducing statelessness in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The article discusses the problematic issues of legal regulation and statelessness reducing practice in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Statelessness reduction is considered as a political, economic, and legal process that is important for the legal state, in which universal standards in the citizenship sphere are implemented. The research purpose is a comprehensive analysis, theory and practice synthesis of reducing statelessness in Kazakhstan, as well as identifying the problems of reducing statelessness legalregulation and developing ways to solve them. The research is carried out by general scientific and special legal methods, theoretical provisions and legal norms analysis and generalization. The statelessness reduction is considered as a political phenomenon with a legal form. On the comparative legal method basis, the main trends in the development in “reduction of statelessness” institution at the present time are revealed. The main result of the research is the provision on the need to improve legal measures aimed at reducing statelessness in Kazakhstan legislation. To conclude, it is proposed to supplement the family law legal norms, legislation on citizenship and by-laws that determine the stateless person legal status.

Alternative patterns to electoral autocracy: recognizing diversity in contemporary autocratization processes

ABSTRACT The establishment of electoral autocracy through gradual and “electoral” means by democratically elected leaders has recently emerged as one of the most researched phenomena in comparative politics. The literature and some of the most widely discussed cases suggest that this process typically takes place on the basis of majoritarian levels of popular support, often combined with an anti-establishment narrative. In this article, we show that this representation fails to capture the diversity characterizing these transitions and that general conclusions on these processes may have been influenced by the analysis of only a part of existing cases. Through the analysis of the universe of cases since 2000 and using V-Dem ERT and V-Party data, first we show that widely discussed cases are not representative of gradual transitions to electoral autocracy and describe the existence of alternative patterns to electoral autocracy, including an overlooked pattern that is opposite to the more discussed majoritarian-anti-establishment path. Then, we discuss and provide preliminary evidence of how different patterns to electoral autocracy can influence the types of strategies adopted by incumbents, and, as a consequence, the elaboration of potential countermeasures to contemporary attacks on democracy.

Marketing and Personal Branding of Anies Baswedan as Presidential Candidate by NasDem Party in Digital Space

The purpose of this study is to see the phenomenon of political marketing, especially how the online mass media builds Anies Baswedan’s branding as a presidential candidate. The branding of presidential candidate serves as a phenomenon of Indonesian national politics particularly when NasDem Party declared Anies Baswedan as a presidential candidate on October 3, 2022. The methodology of this study uses qualifiers, and the technique of analysis and data analysis uses Nvivo12 plus mainly in online media reporting in Indonesia (CNN, Kompas, Media Indonesia, and Detik.com). The results of this study showed that the four media outlets were actively reporting on the nomination of Anies as a presidential candidate. The massive reporting put Anies' personal electability ahead of other political opponents. The identification is based on the analysis of content about Anies in the four online media outlets. In terms of quantity, Media Indonesia more actively reported on Anes’ candidacy than the other three media outlets. This is because of power polarization relationship in terms of ownership relationship between NasDem Party and Media Indonesia. Thus, the news frame leans towards Anies and indirectly it can be used for marketing and branding politics.

Symbolic Politics of Karaeng Power in Jeneponto

This study explores the symbolic political phenomenon of Karaeng power in Jeneponto, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The main objective of this research is to understand how Karaeng traditional symbols of power are maintained and utilized in the local political context. Qualitative research methods are used by conducting in depth interviews with community figures and content analysis of related primary and secondary data. The research results show that traditional Karaeng symbols of power still have strong relevance in influencing local political dynamics, even in the modern era and ongoing democratization. The discussion in this paper highlights the importance of understanding the role of symbols in the local political context, as well as its implications for power dynamics and community political participation in Jeneponto.

The Concept of The State in Islam: A Study of Maudhu'i's Interpretation

This research aims to find out the concept of the state is in the Islamic world, more precisely using analysis of the Maudhu'i interpretation method. The method used in this research is a descriptive-analysis technique with more emphasis on the interpretation of verses related to the theme of the country. Islam began to recognize the existence of the concept of state as a political phenomenon that emerged after the collapse of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924. If the word state institution is searched for in the Koran, it will never appear, but there is the word state which corresponds to this term, such as the word balad, qoryah, baldah, and others. These state concepts can be found in QS. Ibrahim verse 35, QS. Yaasin verse 13, and QS. Saba verse 15. The results of this research found that there was a correlation between these verses of the Koran and the importance of an institution in a country.

Formation of a model of Azerbaijani memory policy

The author present the phenomenon of memory politics, which is a key aspect of forming and maintaining national identity, as well as determining the foreign policy priorities of the Republic of Azerbaijan. In the context of Azerbaijan, a country with a rich history and cultural heritage, the translation of memory policy plays a significant role in shaping the image of the state in the international arena. Consideration of the peculiarities of this process allows for a deeper understanding of Azerbaijan's foreign policy strategy, its interaction with other countries and international organizations, as well as the influence of historical heritage on contemporary political decisions. The export of national culture, its promotion abroad and the formation of a positive image of the country contribute to the creation of a favorable foreign policy environment. This allows the country not only to preserve its identity, but also to interact with other cultures within the global cultural space. The author presents the strategy of constructing a model of Azerbaijani cultural memory policy in foreign policy and the ways of its realization, which also serves to consolidate society and build a new model of national identity formed after the collapse of the Soviet Union. This model includes both a number of features characteristic of the former Soviet republics and specific provisions distinguishing the Republic of Azerbaijan. In this sense, the political and cultural processes taking place in Russia's neighboring states are of particular interest to researchers, allowing them to build a competent attitude to the current processes affecting society both in Azerbaijan and in Russia, which is home to a large Turkic-speaking population, including ethnic Azerbaijanis.

The digital revolution contributed to practical reality according to the stages of its emergence in contemporary history (A model)

The digital revolution has politically affected the actual political reality through the transformation of the relatively free digital public sphere, under official digital censorship systems, and also for major global digital companies. Digitalization has today become a tool for building digital pressure groups that exercise their criticism and demands outside partisan frameworks and outside constitutional and legal systems, and outside The traditional mechanisms of a representative democratic system, including party pluralism, competitions, parliamentary and party elections within each party, municipal elections, referendums, and the formation of governments based on the results of the elections, or presidential elections in presidential systems such as the United States of America, or parliamentary and semi-presidential elections in the French style. Therefore, this study seeks to highlight knowledge of several questions about the possibilities of modifying the system of representative democracy towards introducing some forms of direct democracy, and not waiting for general elections to change the policies of elected governments, according to the political phenomena of digitization and its impact on democratic political culture as part of the processes of liquidity, and transformation in terms of the emergence of some phenomena. Populism, the post-truth world, and fake news in politics.

At the Intersection of Cinema and Architecture: An Exploration of How Architectural Space Design Transforms into a Subject of Resistance in the Film 'Leyla's Brothers'

The use of space holds a distinctive place in cinematic narrative, as spaces created primarily in adherence to the story are also intertwined with the ideological stance within the narrative. Transforming a place into a space is possible through communication established with that place, and a location initially planned as four walls becomes a space through interaction with individuals. In cinema, space is a distinctive area where the story unfolds, and the narrative is directly shared with the audience. Thus, the ideological nature of space within the context of the story also finds its place in the cinematic narrative. The relationship between cinema and space signifies the combination of visual and spatial elements in the art of cinema, conveying a specific atmosphere, emotion, or meaning on the aesthetic plane to the audience. This relationship involves the ability of filmmakers, producers, and cinematographers to offer a certain experience to the audience by selecting specific locations, while also reflecting the director's subjective perspective in the film, taking the audience on a journey. Architectural design of spaces not only advance the flow of the story and lead the character development but also manage conflict areas. A specific location can alter the dynamics of relationships between characters. The film "Leyla's Brothers" (2022), directed by the Iranian filmmaker Saeed Roustaee, serves as a symbolic example of the strong structure of cinema by attempting to convey inter-sibling conflicts to the audience in ideological, cultural, and societal terms. It also emphasizes the significant role of architecturally designed cinematic spaces in conveying these nuances. In this context, the study attempts to discuss the film "Leyla's Brothers" within the framework of Henri Lefebvre's spatial theory, providing a comprehensive perspective that goes beyond the physical environment to understand social relationships, power dynamics, and cultural structures. Lefebvre regards space not only as a physical area but also as a social, cultural, and political phenomenon. His space theory argues for the understanding of space in conjunction with social relations. The analysis aims to explore the film within the power of cinema to reflect social dynamics and cultural elements, considering the societal dynamics of Iran.

Money Politics from the Perspective of Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim

This article aims to understand more about the phenomenon of money politics from the perspective of Ahmad Baharuddin Nursalim. He is one of the contemporary fiqh scholars. This type of research is qualitative-descriptive. In an effort to collect data, researcher used the literature study method on data related to the topics discussed in this article. The results of the research show that money politics is an activity that basically violates the rules of state law, violates religious propositions and is contrary to human nature. However, contemporary scholars such as Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim consider that money politics is no longer categorised as “risywah” (something cursed by Allah and His messenger). The reason is that in this era there is a collective benefit that still needs to be fought using money politics, without money politics it is feared that this benefit will not be achieved and it is feared that it will cause a loss. For him, money politics is not only an activity that can be done by a good Muslim, but for the sake of the benefit of the people, money politics is an obligation for Muslims who are able to do it.

Fascism as seen by the Christian Democrats in the years of the republic of parties (1945–1994)

ABSTRACT The Christian Democratic interpretation of the fascist regime drew on the analyses conducted in the 1920s which identified the statism-racism-warmongering nexus as the defining trait of fascist movements. With the outbreak of the Cold War, Italian fascism disappeared as a political phenomenon, but with Aldo Moro became a historical example of a system that was enemy of individual freedom but also responsible for policies that went against the interests of working people. In Moro’s view, the birth of the Republic had opened up a new path that still had to be perfected but certainly was in antithesis to the fascist one. The parties of the anti-fascist coalition had contributed to this new path and were called upon to complete it in a “progressive” manner. This perspective carried on until the period of “national solidarity”, but after Moro’s assassination, the cultural and political framework in the 1980s became increasingly critical of the cornerstones of post-1945 anti-fascism.

Traces in the History of Swedish Transnational Adoption—A Diffractive Mapping through the Voices of Adoptees and Their Parents

The initial Swedish discourse of transnational adoption as a win-win situation has changed over its more than 60-year-long history. This article aims to trace and present some themes in this history, with a particular focus on the public debate and the different narratives that representatives of the adoption triangle—the adoptees, the adoptive parents, and the biological parents—tell when dealing with transnational and transracial adoption as a personal and political phenomenon. The article draws from an ongoing study of discourses and narratives of transnational adoption based, above all, on journalism, memoirs, governmental documents, and previous research. It attempts to present the contradictory perspectives on transnational adoption to create a diffractive pattern. The diffractive analysis makes it possible to show how the investigated narratives and discourses on transnational adoption change in encounters with experiences made, and even more so, made visible and knowledgeable, in social practices.

Nonrandom Tweet Mortality and Data Access Restrictions: Compromising the Replication of Sensitive Twitter Studies

Abstract Used by politicians, journalists, and citizens, Twitter has been the most important social media platform to investigate political phenomena such as hate speech, polarization, or terrorism for over a decade. A high proportion of Twitter studies of emotionally charged or controversial content limit their ability to replicate findings due to incomplete Twitter-related replication data and the inability to recrawl their datasets entirely. This paper shows that these Twitter studies and their findings are considerably affected by nonrandom tweet mortality and data access restrictions imposed by the platform. While sensitive datasets suffer a notably higher removal rate than nonsensitive datasets, attempting to replicate key findings of Kim’s (2023, Political Science Research and Methods 11, 673–695) influential study on the content of violent tweets leads to significantly different results. The results highlight that access to complete replication data is particularly important in light of dynamically changing social media research conditions. Thus, the study raises concerns and potential solutions about the broader implications of nonrandom tweet mortality for future social media research on Twitter and similar platforms.

The quality of government conditions political disagreement over redistributive policies

ABSTRACT This study argues that the quality of government structures the divide of public opinion on redistribution within countries. Countries with higher government quality have both the capacity and impartiality required to implement effective and fair redistribution. In effect, material self-interest and fairness-based evaluations should become better predictors of policy preferences in countries with higher government quality. An empirical analysis of survey data from 40 institutionally diverse countries supports this theory. Interaction regression models show that the government quality moderates the effects of income and unfairness perceptions on redistribution preferences. Both preference drivers are more strongly associated with redistribution support in countries with higher government quality. Preferences thereby become more heterogeneous in higher-quality settings. The results offer micro-level support for the theory that government quality structures politics and policies via the public opinion channel. To the extent that public opinion influences political behavior and policymaking, higher government quality should induce a stronger economic left-right divide over these political phenomena.

Fenomena Politk Uang Dalam Pemilihan Umum Legistlatif

Elections are a democratic process used to elect government leaders and represent the community in government institutions. Money politics is a phenomenon that often occurs in general elections. Money political campaigns are carried out by individuals or groups who use money to influence people's behavior in elections. The aim of this article focuses on the phenomenon of money politics that occurs in society during the campaign period for legislative candidates in the 2024 elections at the neighborhood level and to find out the factors that cause money politics to occur. The form of money politics carried out includes providing basic necessities, money and health services to voters to win votes in legislative elections. This research was conducted using a qualitative research approach, collecting data through interviews and literature reviews. The results of this research show that not all people are influenced by political choices through money politics.

TOLERANT AND INTOLERANT CONTENT OF ASSESSMENTS BY UKRAINIAN STUDENTS OF SUBJECTS SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE

Relevance. The study focuses on the problem of the attitude of Ukrainians to "good Russians" under the influence of the Russia-Ukraine war. The opinion of student youth is of particular importance. Depending on the holding of a certain personal position, young respondents largely evaluate modern military and political phenomena and processes. Methodology. The task of the online survey of 2,202 students of 35 universities from different regions of Ukraine, conducted in the spring of 2022, was to assess the degree of guilt and effectiveness of the actions of agents of social, in particular, military and political processes. The questionnaire used 5-point scales of semantic differential and subjective scaling. According to the content of the evaluations of the crimes of the Russians and the Russian authorities before Ukrainians, four groups of respondents were distinguished. Their attitudes towards various social and ethno-political subjects are compared. Results. It was found that anti-Russian attitudes significantly prevail in students' evaluations of Russians and the Russian government. A relatively small part of the sample consisted of anti-Ukrainian, neutral and tolerant views towards Russians. The anti-Russian majority most clearly accuses subjects to whom it attributes signs of attraction to the "Russian world". The anti-Ukrainian minority evaluates them positively, but tends to blame Ukrainian society and the Ukrainian authorities. However, the positions of the anti-Russian majority and the anti-Ukrainian minority turned out to be close in their high assessment of the effectiveness of the Ukrainian government and the command of the Armed Forces. Respondents who try to choose neutral assessments partly avoid a clear choice, and partly hide their pro-Russian sentiments. "Tolerant" respondents, who condemn the Russian authorities, but do not condemn Russians, tend to blame all those in power and to excuse "ordinary people" regardless of their nationality or citizenship.

The conundrum between the neoliberal rationality and the contemporary environmental crisis: Fluctuations through uncertain times

The current investigation deals with the scope of the contemporary environmental crisis and its relationship with the neoliberal rationality. In this sense, the issue of such research comes up from the following questions: What is the future prognosis in the relationship between neoliberal rationality and the environmental crisis? What are the challenges to be faced and what measures and/or political-legal instruments should be proposed in an attempt to guarantee human dignity, environmental protection, economic growth and sustainability? The research’s goals are can be summarized in the following premises: conceptualizing and contextualizing neoliberalism in contemporary society from the micro level – as the subject and the society – to macro levels – States; clarify future prognoses with neoliberal perspectives within the wake of new technologies as well as the transhumanism movements; comprehending the contemporary environmental crisis as a political phenomenon. The methodology applied in this research observers the hypothetical-deductive method. It’s been observed that the neoliberalism paradigm abruptly intensifies environmental problems and it is necessary to find new ways and possible solutions to protect human and environmental rights.