Activities Of Political Parties Research Articles

Self-breeding Fake News

Studies have found that artificial intelligence (AI) bots and cookies automate fake news in zones of social conflict such as race, religion, gender, and class. In this background, this paper investigates whether fake news is automated with the social structure unique to India. The research collected campaigning activities of political parties and politicians on the Internet but was limited to a select number of Facebook profiles, websites, hashtags, and Twitter profiles during India’s 2014 and 2019 general elections. Politicians and political parties on Twitter, Facebook and other websites formed the contact points where empirical data were collected in the research design. By reviewing hashtags such as #Nationwantsrammandir; #NaamVaapsi; #RamMandir; #AntiNationals; #caste; and #Hindutva, as well as fake social media accounts; discussion forums; and profiles of followers of politicians, the paper corroborated that bots, AI, and trolls serve fake news in the conflict zones of India and some forces are using it to perpetuate social divisions based on caste, class, religion, gender, and region. This paper argues that automated social media accounts spread false information that likely polarizes social conflicts in India.

THE 2019 ELECTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF EVOLUTION OF THE WOMEN's AGENDA IN BRITISH POLITICAL PARTIES

The article attempts to determine the role of the women's agenda in the activities of political parties and the place of women in the parliamentary factions of the leading parties of Great Britain. Based on the analysis of the policies of Labour, Conservatives and Liberal Democrats to the problem of women's promotion in politics, the role of gender quotas as a tool for attracting the female electorate is analyzed. The 2019 General Elections and the tasks political parties were faced with in terms of women's agenda are described in the broad historical context of the evolution of women's politics of the Labour, Conservative and Liberal Democratic parties in the late 20th – early 21st centuries. The author analyzes the election manifestos of the parties in the 2019 elections and concludes about the differences in the approaches to solving women's problems by the right and left parties. In addition, the author reveals the relationship between the women's agenda in the manifestos, the participation of women in the parliamentary factions of parties and women's voting in General Elections.

The Ethnic Factor in the Activities of African Political Parties

The article summarizes the characteristics of the active influence of the ethnic factor on political processes in some African countries, where this phenomenon is among the most difficult to solve intra-national problems. The reasons for its persistence include state borders artificially created in colonial times without considering the interests of ethnic groups living in specific territories and inequal opportunities for the representatives of large and small ethnic groups to participate in the socio-political and other spheres of life of African states. Examples of the formation of power structures based on the belonging of statesmen to a certain ethnic group are given in the paper. The authors draw attention to the fact that ethnic ties often permeate all social relations, especially clearly manifested in state administration and the activities of opposition structures, as well as playing an important role in the life of the army. To date, there are long-established mutual negative perceptions and stereotypes in interethnic contacts, which make it extremely difficult for representatives of different ethnic groups to have a dialogue. In addition, traditional relations, which are primarily based on ethnicity, do not fit well into the framework of Western socio-political standards. The relevance of the topic is due to the growing general instability in the majority of multi-ethnic states of the African continent, leading to the aggravation of long-standing problems of the socio-political spectrum. The authors conclude that the role of ethnic ties in the formation and activity of political structures in different regions of Africa is currently very significant.

Formation and development of the multiparty system of Uzbekistan

The article discusses the formation and development of a multi-party system in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The state and problems of the formation and development of a multiparty system are analyzed. The practice of consistent improvement of the national electoral legislation and a new level of election conduct is reflected. The process of democratic transformations is considered, which has an impact on the political parties of the country and is constantly deepening as the political and legal culture increases, the socio-political activity of the population increases. The author has put forward proposals and recommendations to activate the activities of political parties and strengthen the multi-party system.

Doctrinal approaches and methods of research on the activities of political parties

The correct definition of the methodological basis of the study is a prerequisite for its success. The methods of cognition are determined by the object that is selected in the framework of the study. The article pays attention to the issues of determining the method of studying the activities of political parties, which should be understood as a process in which the result is the achievement of goals. In turn, the activities of political parties are realized through the performance of certain functions. The list of functions of political parties can be formulated on the basis of an analysis of the current legislation regulating relations in this area, as well as by identifying the features of the activities of political parties through the prism of political science. The following functions of political parties should be recognized as the most important: ideological, which is expressed in the formation of the political will of the population; articulatory, associated with the expression of the formed political will by fixing it in the party program, sending appeals to state bodies, public organizations, etc.; political, aimed at participating in elections, referendums, etc.; representative, which they are implemented by representing and ensuring compliance with the interests of the electorate in interaction with various institutions of the state. The methodology of scientific research on the activities of political parties should be based on the integrated application of methods of various branches of science. First of all, the methods of political science and legal sciences should be noted. The study of political parties from the point of view of the approaches of political sciences will allow analyzing the concepts of the emergence of political parties, the peculiarities of their functioning in the social and political conditions of various states, as well as other aspects of the activity of this phenomenon of socio-political life. However, the analysis of the functioning of political parties cannot be carried out only within the framework of political sciences, the legal aspects of their activities are also essential. Within the framework of research on the activities of political parties, the political and legal method is one of the basic ones that allows analyzing not only the evaluation criteria of the activities of political parties, but also determining the impact of existing legal norms on the activities of a political party and its practical implementation. Among the legal methods of research, first of all, we apply the comparative legal method, which allows us to analyze the features of the activities of political parties in various historical periods. The application of the comparative legal method is of particular relevance, taking into account the experience of our state in regulating the interaction of the state with political parties, primarily during the existence of the USSR. For the completeness of the analysis of the activities of political parties, it is also necessary to use psychological methods that will reveal the characteristics of the behavior of leaders and their influence on the popularity of a political party, the level of public confidence. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a political party's activities should also be carried out through an analysis of its goals and objectives, their compliance with the objective needs of society, as well as by identifying the level of trust of the electorate in a particular political force.Achieving these tasks is possible through the use of sociological methods, such as statistical method, method of collecting and analyzing information, interviewing. These methods will reveal the attitude of the public towards a political party, its program, put forward tactical installations, etc. Сonclusion, it is concluded that there is a fairly wide list of methods for studying the detail of political parties, while methods of various levels and industry affiliation are applicable. However, it is noted that the application, first of all, of the political and legal method is justified.

Городской активизм в структуре гражданского общества Хабаровска: социально-политические аспект

Social activity of the city residents, aimed at changing in the different spheres of their life, implemented both in the structures of civil society and in the political organizations, has acquired a sound in scientific discourse as «urban activism.» This term does not have an unambiguous definition, which makes it difficult to operationalize it for sociological measurement, but allows using a number of methodological approaches to study this phenomenon in the structure of civil society in the city of Khabarovsk. Based on the sociology of «social movements» (G. Bloomer) and the analysis of collective actions from the standpoint of frame theory (I. Hoffmann), the article attempted to analyze the results of sociological studies of public opinion of citizens, reflecting indicators of their social activity, involvement in the socio-political sphere and actions of the local authorities. It has been shown that the origins of the low civic and socio-political activity of the citizens are rooted in a state of their concern about the urgent life problems that require their solution. They serve as a driving force, on the one hand, due to dissatisfaction with the real form of life, and on the other, out of desires and hopes for some new structure of their existence. It is noted that the semantic framework and value guidelines in the collective actions of the city community, authorities and activists of political parties are often contradictory and paradoxical, giving rise to indifference and alienation from the population from involvement in collective social activities to change life for the better. Strengthening of the position of civil activism aimed at the development of the city's civil society can be facilitated by targeted information and communication activities and demonstration of the successful initiative projects not only in the improvement of the urban environment, but also in formation of responsible political consciousness and behavior of the citizens.

Predizborna kampanja u radio i TV programu na rumunskom jeziku Javnog servisa Vojvodine

The aim of this paper is to investigate the way in which the pre-election campaign is reported in the radio and TV programme in the Romanian language of the Public Service of Vojvodina. In that sense, articles on this topic were analysed in 14 radio and 14 TV central informative programmes broadcasted in March 2022. For the purposes of the research, a quantitative-qualitative method of media discourse content analysis and a comparative method were used, also a code sheet was compiled including the following categories: date, medium, duration of the radio and TV report, publication of the article (in the pre-election block or outside the block), topic, authorship, genre, audio-visual equipment, reporting occasion, location, subject, personalization of the subject, party affiliation of the subject, party name of the subject if it is a party person, object, personalization of the object, party affiliation of the object, party name of the object if it is a party person, the relation of the subject to the object, the way of advertising in the campaign, notes. The analysis of the results showed that despite the tendency of journalists to inform the audience about the activities of political parties in a timely manner, this was done through simple forms, most often news, without a critical approach. Furthermore, most of the space was given to the pre-election campaign in Belgrade and other places in Serbia, ignoring Novi Sad and Vojvodina, as well as places with Romanian population. The analysed articles most often report on current events, with an emphasis on the activities of Republic officials and candidates in the presidential elections. In addition, the most represented politician is Aleksandar Vučić and the SNS political party. Therefore, we cannot consider this an example of good practice because the Public Service must be in the service of the citizens who establish and finance it, not only one party. Still, we commend the effort to report on the campaign within the electoral bloc, thus preventing abuse of office and preventing officials from being advertised from positions of power.

ПРОБЛЕМНІ АСПЕКТИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПРАВОВИХ НАСЛІДКІВ ЗАБОРОНИ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПОЛІТИЧНИХ ПАРТІЙ У ПРАКТИЦІ ЦВК

The genesis of the legal regulation of the ban on the activities of political parties during the period of the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine and the practice of the Central Election Commission, regarding the application of certain legal consequences of such a ban, have been studied. Іn the process of writing the article general and special scientific research methods were used, including dialectical, formal-logical, historical analysis, comparative law as well as complex approach. It was established that in the conditions of large-scale armed aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine, the domestic legislation on political parties underwent changes that determined the procedure for banning the activities of political parties in case of detection of the facts of actions by a political party aimed at liquidating the independence of Ukraine, changing the constitutional order by violent means, violating the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state, and undermining its security. Attention is focused on the imperfections of the current election legislation, which does not provide for a clear algorithm of actions of the authorized subject in this legal relationship. The practice of the Central Election Commission on the issues of replacement and termination of powers was analyzed. The conclusion that the legal positions of the Central Election Commission on relevant issues are based on a systematic and logical analysis of the provisions of the current legislation is made. It is proposed to use these positions while preparing amendments to relevant legislation. Proposals for amendments and additions to the Election Code of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine "On Elections of People's Deputies of Ukraine" have been formulated to determine the specific consequences of banning the activities of political parties.

Wilhelm II and the Power System of Germany at the End of 19th and to Begin of 20th Centuries

On the basis of a historiographical analysis, the authors of this article attempt to reflect on the thirty-year reign of German Emperor Wilhelm II, taking into account the historically shaped tendencies of power, ideology, social and political organisation, as well as the Emperor's own ideas of monarchy and state. The authors systematise historians' assessments of the concepts of “dual modernization”, the “regime of personal rule by the emperor” and “Wilhelminianism” as well as interpretations of the phenomenon of radicalisation of public opinion and the activities of political parties and popular associations. It is their shared opinion that the far-reaching constitutional guarantees and powers proclaimed and granted to the German public by the 1871 Constitution were in fact substantially circumscribed. The Reichstag, as a social and political institution of power, never really became the main actor in the legislative process with controlling powers over the executive. The German middle class failed to secure the “classical prerogatives of parliamentarianism” (Georg Iggers). The constitutionally enshrined preponderance of monarchical power was reinforced by the alliance of the princes with the agrarian elite, which continued to dominate both economically and politically, occupying key positions in both the bureaucracy and the army. Therefore, due to the comparatively late unification of the country, the preservation of medieval monarchical culture and structures of domination, social groups, associations, unions, political movements and parties became the subjects of modernisation changes during this period of time. The war unleashed by the German monarchy and its subsequent tragedy clearly showed the other side of national unity. All these developments are considered in the context of the transformation of the monarchy, but not in the direction of limiting the personal power of the ruler, but in the direction of the traditional view of it ("the alliance between throne and altar"), which predetermined the final disaster of the reign of Emperor Wilhelm II.

Влияние конституционных реформ на политическое участие граждан в Казахстане

Political participation is an important mechanism of aggregation and articulation of socio-economic interests in politics, the purpose of which is the influence of citizens on political decision-making through various channels of political interaction, activities of political parties, public organizations, and movements. Modern political processes in many CIS countries indicate a new stage of post-Soviet politics. The current war in Ukraine, mass protests after the announcement of the results of presidential elections in Belarus in the summer of 2020, protests against the preliminary results of parliamentary elections in Kyrgyzstan in autumn 2020, mass protests in support of the opposition in Russia in the spring of 2021 show that all post-Soviet countries to a greater or lesser degree have prerequisites for political destabilization, political change, and turmoil. Kazakhstan, unfortunately, has also undergone political destabilization and radicalization, as evidenced by the events of January 2022. The article offered for consideration examines the impact of constitutional reforms aimed at liberalizing the political system of Kazakhstan on increasing political participation of citizens and overcoming the crisis of political participation of citizens.

Socio-Political Status of Women in Egypt during President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi’s Rule

Egypt is considered to be the birthplace of the feminist movement in the Arab East, because the first women's activists began their activities in this country, and later the first women's organizations were founded. The events of the Arab Spring of 2011 had a significant impact on the entire region of the Arab East: some Arab countries embarked on the path of democratization, including in the field of solving the “women’s issue”. After the political changes of 2011 2014 Egyptian women have also faced numerous difficulties and obstacles in various spheres of life. In this paper, the author examined the socio-political status of women in Egypt under the current President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi. The paper analyzes the legal foundations of women's participation in the activities of state bodies and political parties, namely international documents and articles of the Egyptian Constitution of 2014 related to this topic. Moreover, comparative statistics on the number of women in the national Parliament are provided. The article also described the activities of gender-oriented institutions in the context of the political empowerment of Egyptian women, including the goals and directions of the “National Strategy for the Empowerment of Egyptian Women 2030: Vision and Pillars”, additional annex to the country's strategy “Egypt Vision 2030”. The author drew conclusions about the role of the Egyptian women, the degree of their participation in the socio-political life of modern Egypt, as well as about the main difficulties, among which, first of all, in society stood out the problems of low awareness of the population about gender issues and insufficient funding of programs. In conclusion, suggestions were made about the prospects for expanding the female presence in the political sphere of the country.

ВПЛИВ ЗАСОБІВ МАСОВОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ НА ЕЛЕКТОРАТ

The influence of the mass media (mass media) on the electorate, as well as media manipulation as a technology influencing the processes of electorate programming, is studied. The study of the mass media phenomenon through the prism of the priorities of philosophy is expressed. The concepts of «media» and mass media are analyzed. The role of mass media in the political process and elections is understood. Justified in relation to the media concept of scientists V. Hamson, U. Hamsun, J. Klapper and others, and these concepts did not lose their importance until the next time. It is proven that there are different approaches to media influence on the behavior of the electorate through mass media messages: party, registration, advertising, bibliographic. It has been established that modern technologies allow the development of various platforms for delivering a message to a reader or viewer online and offline, directly and remotely. The Internet plays a significant role in the political process, in election campaigns. Internet technologies refer to mass media that influence people and are indispensable in the electoral process. A research analysis based on the philosophical understanding of the study of the influence of mass media on electoral behavior has been carried out. Mass media form citizens’ emotions, public opinions, and actions characteristic of their target audience. Mass media covertly manipulate the consciousness of voters to create myths, the desired effect of political events, search for an enemy, planting stereotypes for the activity or passivity of the electorate’s behavior. It has been established that mass media form and influence the socialization of people in society and transform important branches of society. Thanks to the mass media, citizens learn about new achievements in the fields of science, philosophy, religion, law, economics, politics, law. In general, one part of the electorate listens to the opinion of the press during the political processes in elections, these citizens are passive, they are not interested in political programs and they do not engage in dialogues with the mass media and party candidates. The second part of voters is active and shows interest in political processes, party activities and political media messages.

Algorithms in the study of the activities of political parties

Algorithms in the study of the activities of political parties

Problems of the activity of political parties in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine

Problems of the activity of political parties in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine

Ein Handbuch zur deutschen Parteiengeschichte 1861 bis 1933. Überlegungen zu einem jahrzehntealten Forschungsdesiderat

The two handbooks of the history of political parties in Germany between 1789 and 1945 that Dieter Fricke published in Jena in the 1960s through to the 1980s continue to be con- sidered the gold standard for research on this subject . Yet, though Fricke’s handbooks offer a solid basis of facts, they are still characterized by socialist rhetoric and, in addition, are now outdated with respect to methodology . This essay examines the following: Which issues are pertinent today with respect to the political parties of the German Empire and the Weimar Republic? Similar to Fricke’s approach, we continue to ask questions regarding the context of origin, the objectives, the organization, and the short-term political activity of political parties . Yet, above and beyond that, the cultural-historical aspects such as ques- tioning the relationship of the political party to the populace in general as well as the self- staging of the respective political parties are to be discussed . In the same way, a look will be taken at the international interconnectedness of the political parties, just as handbooks today should focus more strongly on the political parties in the member states of the Ger- man Empire . Finally, in addition, the essay discusses how a contribution to political educa- tion can likewise be achieved in connection with the handbook on the history of political parties in Germany .

An Overview of the Electoral Act, 2022

The Electoral Act, 2022 is a legislation meant to guide the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) while conducting election in Nigeria. It is legal framework regulating the electoral processes in the country including the activities of political parties ranging from registration and merger. This article seeks to examine the Act in an abstract form using doctrinal means to analyse this novel legislation. It is observed that the legislation is perfect for the timing but was not implemented fully by the Commission in particular and Nigerians in general. To correct this anomaly, all stakeholders including the Commission need to put into use all vital provisions to give life to the legislation in all elections to come.

PERKEMBANGAN ISLAM DI AMERIKA DAN PENGARUHNYA DALAM BIDANG POLITIK

This study aims to determine the basis of the development of Islam in the United States and the manifestations of the influence of Islamic development in the field of United States politics, both in domestic and foreign policy of the United States. In this study a descriptive analytic method will be used which uses data collection techniques in the form of literature review, while the type of data used is theoretical data obtained from literature in the form of books, documents, journals, and information related to the problem to be studied. The data analysis technique used in this study is a qualitative analysis technique. The results of the research show that the basis for the development of Islam in the United States and its influence in the political field is based on the political system and the basic values that apply and are adhered to by the people of the United States. Islam in the United States shows rapid development both in terms of quantity and quality. In the political field, Muslims have shown an increase in involvement in political activities, for example, an increase in the number of participation in elections and also an increase in the number of partisans who are active in political party activities and an increase in cooperation and lobbying with elites and political institutions. The highest achievement of Muslims in the political field is the election of members of the congress who are Muslims. Currently there are two members of Congress who are Muslims and several of them occupy important public positions in the political and governmental structures of the United States. Muslims are also actively fighting for civil rights including political rights through Islamic organizations formed by Muslims in the United States.

지방정치 다양성 확보를 위한 정당제도 개선방안

The current Political Party Act regulates the establishment of regional parties by limiting registration as a political party only when there is a central party in the capital city and five or more city/provincial parties nationwide. This is the reason why local politics cannot escape from the influence of central politics and local issues are not highlighted in local elections. Academia and civil society are demanding that the Political Party Act be amended to allow local parties, and related amendments have been proposed several times in the National Assembly.
 Looking at overseas cases, regional parties are allowed in countries with developed party politics, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Germany, and the influence of regional parties in local elections is increasing.
 Therefore, in terms of realizing grassroots democracy, it is necessary to allow participation of various political groups, including local parties, in local elections. In addition, in the long term, it is necessary to review the constitutional party-related provisions to expand the freedom of political party activities.

STATE POLICY AND THE PECULIARITIES OF PARTY ACTIVITY IN MARTIAL LAW IN UKRAINE

The development of modern political systems cannot presuppose the activity of political parties that perform representative functions between citizens and the state, providing a mechanism for society's self-regulation. Thanks to political parties, the antagonism between society and the state is kept within safe limits for social stability. Political parties not only express the interests of certain social groups but also actively shape interests that influence the national and state levels of politics. Weak involvement of political parties or their illegal activities can weaken the state's capacity to act and lead to destabilization at the state policy level due to the loss of feedback and control over political processes. Keywords: martial law, state policy, party activity, political parties, representative functions.

POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF THE KAZAKHSTANI YOUTH IN THE SOCIOLOGICAL DIMENSION

Kazakhstani youth takes the position of an observer rather than takes an active part in the political life of the country. This is evidenced by certain trends, namely the reduction in the proportion of young people among civil servants, the low level of formal participation in the activities of political parties and other organizations as their members, as well as the virtualization of political participation. These trends can be clearly seen from the results of surveys conducted as part of the 7th wave of the World Values Survey, as well as the Research сenter "Molodezh" and the Kazakhstan Institute for Social Development.