Political Manifestations Research Articles

Amendments to Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 40 of 1999 Concerning the Press: Between Needs and Obligations

Amendments to the law, as a manifestation of legal politics designed to promote public contentment is inevitable. The theory of law stipulates the significance of developments that are deemed highly necessary. Problems arose when the government of Indonesia's agenda to amend Law Number 40 of 1999 concerning the press raised concerns about the threat of oppression in the media. This study aims to determine the urgency of amending the Press Law to realize press freedom in Indonesia. This study used a qualitative method through literature studies and interviews with practitioners. The results of this study showed that Law Number 40 of 1999 concerning the Press is a legitimate tool for press freedom at this time. It can be stated that the substance of Law No. 40 of 1999 regarding the Press is still relatively accommodating democracy in terms of ensuring freedom of opinion as human rights. However, the dominance of the media company as the capital owner will limit press freedom, necessitating a structure that can finally separate the company from the press product. In the end, the success of Law Number 40 of 1999 pertaining to the Press must be evaluated based on institutions, enforcement, and the legal culture of the society.

Punitive populism: political manifestation vs. Criminal law. Life Imprisonment in Colombia

Este artículo trata, en primer lugar, el fenómeno del populismo como concepto de la ciencia política y la sociología, destacando sus rasgos principales y la tensión que genera con la democracia. Posteriormente, se hace un recorrido teórico del concepto de populismo punitivo desde una perspectiva de política criminal, para examinar cómo esta expansión irracional del derecho penal afecta negativamente principios y garantías que limitan al ius puniendi. Por último, estos hallazgos teóricos son aplicados al caso de la reforma constitucional colombiana que permite la cadena perpetua como pena de ciertos delitos graves, para determinar si dicha enmienda pude considerarse populista.

A memorial of the occupied territory in front of the Rectorate of the University of Ljubljana

The article discusses the history of the memorial plaque dedicated to the territory of the Littoral, which Italy occupied after the signing of the Treaty of Rapallo in 1920. The plaque was unveiled in Congress Square, in front of the Rectorate of the University of Ljubljana, on the initiative of the Yugoslav Society, an association aiding and supporting Slovenians abroad. The inauguration took place on 20 March 1921, in reaction to Italy’s festivities celebrating the annexation, which was carried out that same day. During the interwar period, several ideas were raised to convert the plaque into a bigger monument, none of which came to fruition. Apart from representing a place of memory, related to the traumatic loss of territory, the plaque also became a place of student political manifestations directed as much against Italy and Fascism as the Belgrade regime and its violence. Standing in the university’s autonomous territory, the plaque fell outside the jurisdiction of the Yugoslav government. It was destroyed and removed during Italy’s occupation at the onset of the Second World War. In 2012, a new memorial plaque was unveiled in front of the university building. However, due to a lack of knowledge about the history of its predecessor, it came to be regarded as a memorial of the Basovizza victims.

Reshaping the Identification of Subjectivity: Manifestation of Transversal Politics and Negotiation with the Structures of Violence in Among the White Moon Faces: An Asian-American Memoir of Homeland

The disquisitive purport of this paper tends to elucidate how an Asian-American female protagonist vanquishes perturbation arising from uncertain identity and inferior status by spiritually and physically motivating the empowerment of agency through migration. Among the White Moon Faces: An Asian-American Memoir of Homeland, written in the first person to delineate the female writer Shirley Lim’s reminiscence, unequivocally elucidates the tensility of female empowerment due to migration— the process not only reshaping one’s identification of subjectivity but unfolding one’s multiple territories with regard to gender, race and class. Lim’s migrating experiences accompanied by inward percipience expatiates on how an individual with femininity copes with struggling caused by dislocation of female self domestically, racially and nationally. Correspondingly, the protagonist’s subjectivity reconstruction will be explained in the light of Gayatri Spivak’s theory of negotiating the structures of violence and Yuval-Davis’ declaration of transversal politics.

Slamming the Door: Reinventing Kitchen Narratives in Contemporary Indian Movies

Abstract In the last ten years, Indian cinema has envisaged culinary spaces as patriarchal structures embedded with the hegemonic practices of the family. Subsequently, Indian cinematic spaces have wielded the kitchens of the Indian subcontinent to interrogate the issues related to gender, identity, culture, and the nation through its visual spaces. The culinary is politicized; the domestic space that has depicted hegemonic masculinity and intersectionality for centuries has been analyzed, exposed, and reimagined in movies like Stanley Ka Dabba (Hindi, 2011), The Lunchbox (Hindi, 2013), Kaaka Muttai (Tamil, 2014), Aamis (Assamese, 2019), and The Great Indian Kitchen (Malayalam, 2021). These movies constantly interrogate and challenge the gender roles and performances prevalent in Indian kitchens. The act of cooking, an agent of a woman's creative expression, has long been understood as an act where food preparations become rituals and performances, and kitchen spaces become a prison house for women. These movies question the power relations which overlay the culinary preparation and consumption in kitchen spaces and thereby mimic the manifestation of gender politics and power play. With the increasing patrilocal families, especially in India, cooking is no more an art or a technique but a bonded labour. This paper investigates the practical ways in which the movies lay bare the issues related to the manifestation of gender identity and the representation of the hegemonic other by reimagining, reinventing and redefining culinary spaces.

Modern Political Protest in the US: Conceptual Framework, Values, Practices

The article analyzes theoretical and methodological approaches to issues related to socio-political mobilization. The main historical eras (premodern, modernity and postmodern) are taken as a basis, which determine various forms, types and practices of political protest. Thus, it is concluded that the level of development of society directly affects political actors, institutional architecture in structural, procedural and regulatory terms, which determines the nature of socio-political actionism. Attention is paid to the practices of postmodern society, which have their own specifics, which is expressed in the formation of a dichotomous, ideological-value spectrum, the struggle for symbolic capital, antagonism between different identities and related social narratives. A special place in the analysis is given to the political-regime configuration, in particular, the post-democratic crisis, which, in the case of American public practices, is to a certain extent overcome through the mechanics of agonistic and counter-democracy. The study uses the method of situational analysis (case studies), which has its own epistemological variability in the form of positivist, critical and interpretive (post-positivist) components. The article also examines the public political struggle in the United States in line with symbolic policies during the presidency of D. Trump. The repertoire of American protest is analyzed in the designated methodological context. Particular attention is paid to the generation aspect of the unconventional protest movement, which is one of the key in both the United States, in particular, and Russia, which is paid to part of the comparativist analysis. The conclusion assesses the relevance of two hypotheses formulated by E. V. Brodovskaya, M. A. Davydova, E. A. Eremin regarding the influence of the level of rigidity of the political regime and the legitimacy of the inactive part of society on the continuum of political manifestation in the United States. If the first conclusion had its practical expression on the example of the American case, then the second looks less unambiguous.

“Nobody Asked You to Nicker” – Monstration Slogans as a Speech Genre

The paper analyses the slogans of “Monstration”, a manifestation that was held for the first time in Novosibirsk in 2004 and has become an important social and cultural event in many other Russian cities as well as in some other countries. The corpus compiled by the author includes about 4000 slogans and allows, basing on the theory of speech genres, to highlight the main topics and structural features of this type of texts and to identify their similarities and differences with the slogans of political manifestations. The study proves that Monstration may be considered as a form of “linguistic self-defense” and could be compared with the linguistic resistance that existed in the Soviet Union: the totalitarian language that dominated the public sphere was opposed by the anti-totalitarian language used in the sphere of personal communication; and one of the main instruments of the anti-totalitarian linguistic self-defense was irony. It seems that in 2019, the totalitarian language in Russia was yet at such a stage of development that language resistance was relevant; however, it was feasible not only in private space (and the Internet), but also manifested itself in public space from time to time.

Les sirènes d’Es Vedrá by Tom Charbit

Reviewed by: Les sirènes d’Es Vedrá by Tom Charbit Alain Ranwez Charbit, Tom. Les sirènes d’Es Vedrá. Seuil, 2022. ISBN 978-2-02-148338-3. Pp. 336. After twenty fortuitous years as a DJ, Juan Llosa, known as Jean by his family, has attained international renown and capacious financial success, but his life is also tainted by alcoholism, drug addiction, and practically nonstop international travel. This thriving ascendancy comes, however, to an unexpected halt as he develops a severe case of tinnitus, causing a vertiginous catastrophic fall from his professional fame since he can no longer control, as a DJ, what he must choose to hear and create. Not unlike Ulysses who had protected himself from the chants of the sirens on the islands of Es Vedrá (small islands east of Ibiza), Juan must now, symbolically, find refuge from his world’s electronic music now menacing the dire existence he is presently fostering. Thanks to an agreement he makes with his close friend, Juan trades his Parisian apartment for a house in a small village situated in Ardèche. It is during this period of self-exile, in which Juan turns forty, that we are meaningfully acquainted with Juan, his old and newfound friends, his lifelong love affair with Ana, and the quest, if at all possible, of a meaning for a new life. As Juan recalls: “Je ne me souviens plus exactement quand j’ai commencé à m’interroger sur le sens de la vie mais ça doit dater de cette époque” (166). This two-year period also introduces the inquisitive reader to many notable societal questions concerning ecology, capitalism, the dispute of shale mining, terrorism, political manifestations, personal happiness, the difficulty of relationships, many of which are accompanied by strong digressions. It is a narration often rich, at times pessimistic and even cruel leading to a most incredible ending. It is furthermore a most touching love story, often pleasantly accompanied with light humor, especially with Juan’s escapades with friends during their many parties, soirées at a local bar and the discovery of a savory drink, which the friends call poire-chat. The novel is also an intriguing look upon modern society encompassing a powerful story of self-derision, self-discovery, eventual self-cure... and true love. [End Page 211] Alain Ranwez Metropolitan State University of Denver, emeritus Copyright © 2022 American Association of Teachers of French

Secularism: The Basics. By Jacques Berlinerblau

Students at the college where I teach—a nondenominational, liberal arts school in the northeast—have certain assumptions about the secularity of the United States. First, they broadly assume that the Constitution installs a wall of separation between church and state. Second, they assume that this wall ensures that governmental entanglement with religion—whether by its citizens giving voice to politics in explicitly religious terms, or by the government itself in its own engagements with religion—is strictly forbidden. Jacques Berlinerblau’s Secularism: The Basics is a book I would consider handing to my students to help dispel them of these myths, and then introduce them to the protean nature of secularism. Indeed, Berlinerblau could have called this pithy and eminently engagingly written text, “a handbook on the varieties of secularism,” because his main point is this: There is no single definition or political manifestation of secularism. Secularisms are plural across time and space, made of unstable and malleable ore.

Способы выражения категории вежливости в медицинском дискурсе (на материале речевого общения врача с пациентом)

The article considers the communicative category of politeness and defines the role of this category in the process of professional doctor-patient communication. The category of politeness functions in the form of speech etiquette and is obligatory in doctor-patient conversations. The authors have analyzed the means of realization of speech etiquette and politeness in situations of professional medical communication, and determined those which are most frequently used in strategies of medical discourse. The hypothesis of the investigation is as follows: the efficiency of the dialogue created and planned by the doctor largely depends on following ethical norms of communication, which certainly is one of manifestations of politeness. The research is based on recorded materials of medical discourse in professional settings of healthcare institutions in the form of spontaneous conversations of doctors with patients. The authors prove that a polite behavior is manifested not only in the usage of speech etiquette patterns, but also in the means of expressing the doctor’s attitude and his speech address. The usage of euphemisms is associated with the doctor’s constant internal concern and care for the interlocutor, which is estimated as a manifestation of respect for the patient. Regarding the fact that speech taboos are socially conditioned, it is important to understand that the choice of an appropriate word depends not only on the level of the doctor’s speech culture, but also on the patient’s social and professional status, his or her religious beliefs, individual (personal) stability. Using other conversational elements (and extra-content components when initiating the conversation) in doctorpatient dialogues helps to create trusting relationships, the atmosphere of relaxed and unaffected communication, to ensure easy and natural speech. Speech etiquette and politeness contribute to achieving efficient professional communication. The most important role belongs to contact establishing means, the choice of which depends on the doctor’s communicative habits and peculiarities of the situation of communication.

Mediatization of politics: reflections and findings

The article, focused on the elucidation of the paradigm of mediatization in the research of media activity, examines various aspects of the concept of mediatization, presenting the experience accumulated by the mass media in the media coverage of the political process through the methods related to mediatization, understood as a primary function of contemporary mass media. The author refers to the peculiarities of mediatization, discusses the consequences of the mediatization process, characterizes the phenomenon of mediatization as an expression of the increased involvement of the mass media in the political process. Approaching the mediatization phenomenon offers the possibility of revealing some relevant aspects of the current political-media processes, including: the role of the media in the social construction of reality, mediatization as a premise for the manifestation of symbolic politics, as a resource for strengthening democracy. At the same time, the interpretation of mediatization contributes to the clarification of the conditions for the production of the political content of the media and the establishment of trends in the evolution of social interaction. The analysis of political-media realities also reveals certain risks for the mediatization process for the development of democracy, such as, for example, the fact of the attempts of the political class to preserve its functionality in the face of the extended power of the media.

There is a group of political tweeters that nobody is studying: the detached

Abstract Through a review of the literature, the present article outlines the interaction forms that happen on Twitter when the participation is political, intending to show that the conversations made by the most significant collective on Twitter which is formed by ordinary users that post tweets 24/7 any given day with the sole intention to make public its political views, are invisible for the social studies. The actual political conversations attended by the social studies are related to parties, civic organizations, street manifestation, social activism, or some political manifestation that requires organization. The subject is important because these ordinary users with no agendas related to the formal or informal forms of political conversations known by the social studies form the biggest sector in the political social network par excellence, and no one is studying them. We propose the adjective ‘detached’ users to refer to these Twitter users.

CITY OF REPAIR: Practicing the Future in Mexico City

AbstractThis essay is based on long‐term ethnographic research in Mexico City, and centers on a street epistemology that involves researchers immersing themselves in material street life to explore the relationships between the body, the house and the street in the constant repair of the (future) city. I assert that Mexico City is not a city dominated by planners, experts, or professional social workers, but rather a place where everyone knows that perfection is elusive and that constant repair of oneself, the city and the objects that constitute daily life make life possible here. The city is permanently under construction—populated by workers who destroy and rebuild, and by repairers of all kinds: roadside mechanics, nurses who check your blood pressure and offer flu vaccinations in the subway, herbalists who sell their medicines on the sidewalks, ‘bone setters’ who offer osteopathy services on the street, improvised pharmacies, used car part sellers, anti‐flu juices producers, and cabinets for intercession with angels. In the ‘city of repair’ different yet interdependent futures are practiced. There is the future imagined and constructed by professionals seeking perfectibility and manifestations of aspirational politics. There is also the future imagined and practiced by the vast majority of urban dwellers—a pragmatic future grounded in the ‘here and now’ of constant repair and in the constant search for solutions to contingencies—an anticipatory political form.

Images of Resistance

The article examines the ambivalent dynamics of activism in social media and online platforms. Made up of Brazilian researchers from areas such as Communication, Visual Arts and Design, Anthropology, Computer Science and Engineering, the group analysed 213,083 images shared on Instagram that are part of the hashtag »MariellePresente«, an online political manifestation that arose in response from the assassination of Brazilian concilwoman Marielle Franco in 2018, an unsolved case. After collecting images with a Python programming language script, the group used two Computer Vision/Artificial Intelligence tools to read them (Google Cloud Vision and YOLO Darknet). The results show the capitalistic logics inscribed into these technologies and also shed light on the role played by both online activism and data analysis tools. Thus, the consequences of the shift of political movements online became apparent: by helping activism to find its public, online platforms simultaneously subject its cause to demands of 21st century's digital capitalism (Zuboff 2019; Srnicek 2017; Bruno 2013; Crary 2013; Beiguelman 2020).

Na pograniczu narodów i kultur: Polska–Europa–Ameryka [At the borderlands of nations and cultures: Poland—Europe—America

<i>Na pograniczu narodów i kultur: Polska–Europa–Ameryka</i> [At the borderlands of nations and cultures: Poland—Europe—America

“Our show is so twisted”: comparing impoliteness in Taiwan and Mainland China talk shows

AbstractImpoliteness has been a focus of recent research with more emphasis placed on context, situated evaluations and social action. Although talk shows are not the same as everyday conversations, the use of impoliteness to entertain is often an intentional part of the format. This paper uses Chinese talk shows to examine the subtle differences in impoliteness of talk shows in the different Chinese contexts. We compare one TV talk show in Taiwan (Kangxi Laile), and the other in Mainland China (Huahua Wanwu), both with the same hosts and similar program formats, to examine how impoliteness is shown at personal, relational, and group levels. Comparing how this is done in different contexts will help us better understand what is acceptable and what is not in different Chinese communities, as each community is different given the different historical, political, and sociological backgrounds, which will lead to different manifestations of (im)politeness.

Imagine All the People: The Populist and Anti-Populist Discourses of Serbian and Croatian Protests (2017–2020)

The aim of this article is to analyze the anti-populist and populist elements in the visual language of selected political manifestations. Protests in Serbia from 2017 to 2020 (mass demonstrations and one individual act of resistance) and in Croatia from 2018 to 2020 were chosen as examples. The article draws on visual materials from the demonstrations and their media coverage. The author tracks different strategies for visualizing populist and anti-populist rhetoric. It presents various types of the visual discourse of populism: the discourse of the masses, the discourse of polarization, the discourse of vulnerability, and the discourse of the gallows.

Rooting, shifting and mobilizing: Women's peacebuilding across differences in Georgia and Myanmar

This article explores how female peace activist's experiences of armed conflict drive their activism. By analyzing women's peace activism as a manifestation of transversal politics, I capture how women's experiences and social positioning in relation to the armed conflict influence how they shape their identities and create alliances across conflict divides. Building on the narratives of activists and members of women's organizations in Georgia and Myanmar, I argue that when experiences such as displacement and loss are articulated with the awareness of the gendered dynamics of the conflict, women expand the categories in which their identities are defined, and challenge political stances which were hitherto only guided by the ethno-political context. This process allows women to approach other parties (which were previously either neglected or considered as opponents) and to build common ground for peace activism despite the existence of multiple differences within and across groups.

Healthy narcissism and individuation - clinical, cultural and political manifestations.

This paper explores the healthy narcissism related to self-expression and looks at how this is frequently pathologized and split-off, with problematic consequences for the individual and for culture. This is explored through Yeats' poem, 'The Second Coming', as are other personal, cultural and clinical manifestations, with a split evident between those who advocate self-denial and those who are 'full of passionate intensity' and seen as narcissistic. The paper argues that the process of individuation requires us to embrace a multiplicity of self-states, and thus a broadening of ego-identifications, including states of vulnerability, self-denial, self-centredness, murderousness and power, in contrast to the unworkable unitary identifications of previous eras, where such states were projected onto scapegoat groups in, for example, racism. The neurobiological underpinnings of the core self are outlined which, the paper argues, help us better understand and accept the broad range of narcissistic phenomena. Embracing guilt, out of care and concern as described by Loewald(1979), and thus addressing states of both passive and active blindness to the other, allows us to put a 'human head on the lion's body', described in Yeats' poem. Some clinical manifestations and dynamics are also outlined.

Constelaciones poéticas: sobre algunas antologías de la nueva poesía mexicana (2010-2020)

With the recent change of decade, we can turn our gaze to trace a concise outlook of recent Mexican poetry. As a significant sign of the poetics that have defined the work of young Mexican writers in the new millennium, I believe that the reflection on some anthologies can provide a firm basis for analysis. In these notes I offer a review of a selection of seven anthologies of Mexican poetry published between 2010 and 2019 to highlight some of the trends that have defined the national poetic state during this decade. The study is divided into two sections. In the first one, I sift through some theoretical and methodological reflections to rethink the function of anthologies no longer from the concept of canon but from the concept of literary constellations. In the second section I focus on the study of each of the selected works, with special emphasis on the proposals outlined by the anthologists in the prologues and paratexts. In this way, at the end I synthesize some of the dominant features of young Mexican poetry, especially from what I consider to be its political manifestation.