Political Doctrine Research Articles

On the importance and methodological aspects of historiographical research of political and legal doctrines

The article examines the issues of the development of historiographical studies of political and legal doctrines from the point of view of clarifying the role and significance of the relevant results in modern legal science, as well as the problems of improving the methodological foundations of the formation of the Russian historiographical model of political and legal knowledge. The study shows that the lack of developed and consistent models of historiography of political and legal doctrines in foreign and domestic legal literature is associated with certain interpretations of historical knowledge and cognitive principles, the rejection of historicism in the social sciences, which was established and spread especially in the twentieth century in Western European literature, the undeveloped types of development of national literatures covering the issues of origin and development of political and legal knowledge. In terms of improving approaches to historiographical research of political and legal knowledge, the possibilities of a deeper study of the influence of socio-religious consciousness, genre features, plots and means of expression, linguistic characteristics of the works of scientists and other studied texts are indicated. In the methodological direction, an important role can be played by referring to the constructs formed in the Russian philosophical literature, in particular the works of P. A. Florensky.

Colombia es un Estado pluralista. El sentido pluralista del Estado colombiano tiene un alcance antropológico religioso y no ideológico

Pluralism is the variety of existing vocation, talent or charisma towards the common good. Only in this way, man will be able to satisfy each and every one of his human needs in reciprocity, feeling solid, safe or compact, as a member of the Nation, to which he is a part. Pluralist State will be one whose public power duly constituted, guarantees the population settled in a given territory, the diversity of vocation, talent or charisma to govern human rights towards the Common Good, in the face of the existence of social inequality. Pluralism as political theory and philosophical doctrine will exist as soon as vocations, talents or charisms, these indivisible essences of a different nature, reflect the “common good” in a global way. Only then, is it authentic and legitimate.

Linking the natural man to the res publica in the works of Marcus Tullius Cicero

AbstractThere is no consensus on the importance of Cicero's doctrine of the state (res publica) among the prominent figures and scholars of political theory. In our view, the main reason for this is that the discussion of the political theoretical insights of the corpus Ciceronianum is too often reduced to a repetition of stereotypes. Cicero's key works on political doctrine, such as the De oratore, the De re publica and the De officiis, are mostly analysed from a philosophical point of view, with historical and legal aspects being put to one side. The characteristics of the mixed constitution (mikte politeia), which is at the heart of Cicero's theory of the res publica, are only superficially examined. What is also mostly overlooked is the extremely significant fact that in the De re publica Cicero (unlike Plato, for example) not only develops a philosophically grounded theory of the state, the res publica, but also applies his theory to finding the state, and in particular its ideal form, the optimus status civitatis, in the historical reality of Rome, that is, his own state. In this way, Cicero connects ratio and res, thus establishing the harmony and, indeed, unity of idea and history. The value of this important idea is not in the least affected by the fact that Cicero was undoubtedly an eclectic thinker rather than a consistent exponent of the views of any school or current. That, it seems to us, helped him greatly to lay the foundations of a doctrine of the state that could influence political thought centuries, even millennia, later, up to the political thought of the first decades of the 21st century.

An EU external relations political question doctrine that suffers no human rights exception: Joined cases C-29/22 P and C-44/22 P KS and KD on the Court’s jurisdiction in CFSP matters

An EU external relations political question doctrine that suffers no human rights exception: Joined cases C-29/22 P and C-44/22 P KS and KD on the Court’s jurisdiction in CFSP matters

Мифические детерминанты политического (Политический проект Платона)

The article is devoted to the explication of the mythological determinants of Plato’s political doctrine. The author raises the question about those axiomatic propositions that underlie the political philosophy of the ancient Greek thinker: what is it, the rudiments of mythical consciousness or the rationality of the nascent philosophical logos? The article shows that there are two opposite answers to this question. One is associated with the tradition of conceptualizing myth as fiction and fantasy (Georg Hegel, Auguste Comte, Feokhari Kessidy), the other with the understanding of myth as a special type of rationality underlying a certain ontological reality (Friedrich Schelling, Alexey Losev, Kurt Huebner). The author shows that modern Platonists are increasingly inclined to the second approach and consider myth as an indispensable element of Plato’s philosophy as such. The central element of his system, the doctrine of ideas, is genetically linked to classical mythology. Plato’s ideas are rationalized supernatural entities, divine substances. This understanding finds comprehensive manifestation in Plato’s political project. The peace of a self-identified being is the ideal of a perfect polis. Justice, on the other hand, is conformity to one’s nature i.e., ultimately, conformity to the divine substance expressed in the idea. Thus, the author concludes, justice in Plato’s project is primarily not a social or political

Социальная и личностная неопределенность как факторы социально-психологической устойчивости личности к вовлечению в террористическую организацию

Introduction. In the context of countering the ideology of terrorism, two main tasks are being solved: how to identify the most vulnerable social groups of the population to the perception of the ideas of terrorism and what preventive work should be carried out to weaken the effect of the ideology of terrorism. Theoretical analysis. It allows us to conclude that the degree of socio-psychological resistance of a person to involvement in a terrorist organization mainly depends on the recognition of the principles of national, political and religious doctrine by a person. The socio-psychological stability of a person to participate in terrorist acts is a personality quality consisting in a formed critical attitude towards terrorism, knowledge of the disastrous consequences of terrorism in society, and an active civic position, which includes rejection of terrorism. As a result, it can be argued that socio-personal uncertainty affects the socio-psychological stability of a person. Empirical analysis. Consideration of the problem of determining social and personal uncertainty on the socio-psychological stability of a person to involvement in terrorist activities has allowed us to conclude that socio-personal uncertainty affects the socio-psychological stability of a person. Conclusion social and personal uncertainty are a favorable environment for the formation of extremist views and justification of the ideology of violence, therefore it is necessary to introduce psychodiagnostic tools aimed at identifying the socio-psychological resistance of a person to involvement in terrorist activities.

Some Factors Influencing Legal Continuity in the Age of Enlightenment

In this article, certain factors that influenced legal continuity during the Age of Enlightenment are discussed. The major processes of the period are analyzed, and the importance of legal traditions as the foundation of legal continuity is highlighted. A brief overview of the key approaches to understanding legal traditions is given. Particular attention is paid to the regional divergences of the Age of Enlightenment, with a focus on its specifics in England and later Great Britain, the German and Italian states, France, Russia, and the USA. It was revealed that all factors can be divided into two groups. The first group includes general conditions, circumstances, and prerequisites, which can be further classified into natural and social ones. Natural factors are largely unaffected by the landscape of the period, while social factors are closely tied to society. The factors pertaining to the Age of Enlightenment are part of the latter group. They are of two types. The first type is not actually related to the legal reality of the period. The second type reflects the Enlightenment political and legal doctrines. Conclusions are drawn about the direct and indirect impacts of these factors on the historical processes. It is also demonstrated that the factors of legal continuity formed a unique combination in each studied society, with their influence apparent even after the Age of Enlightenment.

Narrating Diasporic Religion and Postsecular Identity in Tahar Ben Jelloun’s A Palace in the Old Village

Inspired by Western secular literary tradition, many diasporic writers in the Maghreb in general and in Morocco in particular did not include religious or spiritual themes in their literary works, as compared to the valorized ones of race, class and gender. Much of Maghrebian fiction, primarily written by immigrant writers of Islamic background who adopt secular perspectives that are often critical of Islam, has depicted religion, especially Islam, in negative terms. Tahar Ben Jelloun is one of those writers who are criticized for being self-orientalizing authors who ‘prostitute’ their works to their Western audience. But, Tahar Ben Jelloun is misunderstood by the majority of his readers. In this article, using postsecularism and secular spirituality as analytical tools, I will explore the postsecular identity and diasporic religion in Tahar Ben Jelloun’s A Palace in the Old Village. Reading the novel from a postsecular perspective and more specifically from a secular spiritual perspective, I will show that Tahar Ben Jelloun is neither self-orientalizing Islam nor celebrating French secularism. Instead, he is upholding postsecular values and diasporic consciousness by negotiating instances of extremism and communalism that mark the failures of both organized religion and Eurocentric secularism. Indeed, Ben Jelloun presents Islam as faith, as a spiritual practice; a diasporic religiosity which is not associated with any political doctrine or organization.

As Transformações do Racismo Estrutural: entrevista com Eduardo Bonilla-Silva

Eduardo Bonilla-Silva is internationally recognized as one of the leading proponents of the concept of "structural racism." Born in 1968 in Puerto Rico, he served as president of the American Sociological Association (ASA) in 2018. Currently a professor at Duke University, Bonilla-Silva has argued that the racialization of our social structures is more effective in reproducing inequalities than explicitly racist ideologies or political doctrines. In 2003, he published "Racism without Racists" (translated to Portuguese by Perspectiva in 2020), a book in which he suggests that the contemporary world experiences a "color-blind racism," wherein racial discrimination continues to operate despite widespread condemnation of racist values by various political movements. Despite the increasingly common use of the notion of structural racism, Bonilla-Silva's works remain relatively unknown in Brazil. For this reason, we conducted this interview with him in September 2023, addressing topics such as the structuring of racism in today's world, the impact of events like the brutal murder of George Floyd in the U.S., and the current challenges of anti-racism in Brazil and globally.

Housing Limitarianism: What’s Wrong with Owning Excess Homes?

ABSTRACT There is a growing contention in the Housing Justice movement from activists, theorists, and politicians that not only should everyone have enough housing, but there is something wrong with having too much of it. This paper provides a framework to articulate and defend efforts to create housing wealth ceilings. Building on the work of Ingrid Robeyns, it develops the moral and political doctrine of housing limitarianism. This doctrine asserts it is morally wrong to have too much housing while others, human or animal, do not have enough, and that governments ought to limit the excessive acquisition/consumption of housing by individuals and corporations. I employ the Rawlsian ideal of property-owning democracy to argue for the dispersal of homeownership throughout society. Lastly, I discuss how housing justice can ethically negotiate the apparent conflict between increasing the supply of affordable housing and the preservation of natural habitat for wildlife.

The concept of an ideocratic state

Relevance. It is quite obvious that the modern world has entered a new stage of its development, the prospects of which are very vague. The model of the mondial world order with its ideas of faceless globalization, depopulation, universalization, de-Christianization, etc. are rejected by Russia. Recently, in political discourse and in official strategic planning documents, Russia has been called a civilization state with a pronounced identity. In the Russian conservative legal doctrine, the definition of specific features of Russia's state identity was a key topic, and the priority of intangible values was noted as the main feature of Orthodox civilization. It is no coincidence that Russian socio-political thought has always been puzzled by the search for a Russian idea. In this regard, the concept of ideocratic statehood is of particular interest, the main meaning of which was to search for a key idea or system of ideas on the basis of which the state should be built.The aim is to reconstruct and interpret the theory of the ideocratic state of the Russian conservative political and legal doctrine of the late XIX - first half of the XX centuries.Research objectives: to study the evolution of the concept of an ideocratic state, to analyze its conceptual apparatus, to comprehend the importance of state ideology for the modern stage of development.Methodology. It is based on the historical method of cognition, which contributed to the disclosure of the evolution of the theory under study, the method of diachronic and synchronous comparison, as well as a problem-theoretical one, which allows determining the degree of modern relevance of the concept under study.Results. The conducted research allowed us to establish that the concept of ideocratic statehood was mainly formed in the works of representatives of the socio-political movement of Eurasians, which originated in the 20-30 years among Russian emigration. The most significant contribution to the theoretical development of the doctrine of the ideocratic state was made by N.N. Alekseev. It was he who generalized the ideas of the Eurasians, conceptualizing them into a legally sound theory of demotic ideocracy or a guarantee state.Conclusion. Ideocracy is a concept of governance based on the postulate of idealism, based on which the definition of the state as a single super-organic entity, where the idea shared by all the people rules.

Об эволюции концептуальных основ этно-национальной политики России

On the eve of the update in 2025 of the “Strategy of State National Policy”, a discussion is unfolding in Russia about the existing and future conceptual foundations of such a policy. This discussion largely determines this article. In it, the author critically analyzes the stereotypical ideas about the national politics of Soviet and post-Soviet times that emerged in the process of this discussion. For example, about stability in the era of L. Brezhnev, a stereotype that does not take into account the rise of two varieties of nationalism in the 1960–1980s; about the “parade of sovereignties in the era of Soviet Perestroika: about multiculturalism as the supposedly official doctrine of Russian politics in the 1990s. The article analyzes the prospects for establishing a new concept of interculturalism in Russia. In this regard, the materials of a sociological study conducted by scientific teams led by the author of this article in 2018 in Rostov-on-Don are presented.

Bureaucrats on Douyin: The Official Appropriation of Egao in Promoting Tourism on Chinese Social Media

ABSTRACT Egao (spoofing), a popular form of Chinese parody, employs humorous and mocking techniques in verbal and visual forms. Its grassroots nature often endows egao with an anti-authoritarian stance, but little scholarly attention has been paid to the increasing use of egao by Chinese public officials on social media. This article looks at this new trend by examining how local officials on the Chinese version of TikTok, Douyin, use egao. Drawing on Bakhtin’s concept of carnivalesque, we employ Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis to examine the online communication style of 54 official accounts on Douyin. We thereby highlight three key features of the dynamic and complex nature of power relations in contemporary political communication in China: how they represent ethnic minority cultures; how they use typical egao forms to parody rebellious characters and subvert traditional Confucian junzi images; and their use of ‘light’ egao to reconstruct ancient characters and heroic images through Gufeng and Wuxia genres. We argue that the power relations between officials and the grassroots are not subverted but rather disguised through a complex negotiation within the state’s promotion of cultural soft power, tourism, and economy, which is aligned with Xi Jinping’s political doctrine of ‘Telling the China Story Well’.

Ценностные основания стратагемного мышления (на примере минских «Книг мудрости» 1614–1634 гг.)

In the history of human thought, the question of the human wisdom nature, or the possibility to gain it, has never assumed a simple solution. Chinese thinkers and philosophers answered this question in different ways. The secular and practical character of understanding the concept of wisdom in the Chinese intellectual tradition was largely due to the influence of the ethical and political doctrine of Confucianism. From the point of view of Confucian ethics, the idea of using tricks and gimmicks was considered rather dubious. In the history of Chinese thought, there were periods when the intellectual elite had time to realize the beginning of a crisis in society and tried not only to theorize stratagem thinking, but also to find sufficient ethical grounds for applying stratagems in routine practices. The last third of the Ming dynasty reigning, when A Complete Book of Wisdom was written, was just such a period. At the same time, there was a serious value guidelines transformation of the educated class in China, which could also act as one of the factors in developing interest in stratagems and stratagem thinking. The aim of the article is to analyze the transformation of the value system of Chinese intellectuals, who lived in the last third of the Ming dynasty, and identify the value grounds of stratagem thinking described in A Complete Book of Wisdom. The article presents a classification of relevant factors that influenced the transformation of the value system of educated people under the late Ming. It describes and systematizes the data on the attitude of Ming emperors to educated people and Confucian ethical-political doctrine. The struggle not only for real power but also for symbolic power in the area of values and ideals was one of the drivers for the transformation of the value system. In addition, the commercialization of life and mass culture was the main factor in the significant change of Confucian philosophy. The article presents the analysis of educated people feelings and attitudes, which entailed changes in approaches to the process of knowledge and social practices. Thus, under the late Ming dynasty, there was the development of new models of social conflict resolution and value grounds of stratagem thinking.

Multiculturalism as the Main Philosophical Doctrine of Political and Cultural Development of Modern Society

The article entitled "Multiculturalism is the main philosophical concept of social and political development in modern society" is devoted to the analysis of cultural and political problems occurring in modern societies in the context of globalization from a socio-philosophical aspect. The necessity of approaching the issue from the point of view of the current needs of the time and era, respect for other cultural identities, non-actualization of acts of radicalism, terrorism, extremism, religious fundamentalism, and racism, which may cause imbalance in the system of ethnic-political relations of polyethnic societies in the era of globalization, and taking complex measures calculated for a safe future in relation to ethnic-political subjects is reflected in the article. In a philosophical sense, the term multiculturalism is a generalized expression of the cultures to which social subjects belong, having a broad meaning and incorporating different values.. It is known that culture and spirituality are historical philosophical systems, and depending on the rules of time and the form of the social structure at each stage of historical development, the culture and spirituality change and renew. Multiculturalism is a form of tolerance in which representatives of different national cultures coexist in conditions of equal rights and self-affirmation within a single country. The philosophical-theoretical basis of the multiculturalism paradigm is precisely the mutual understanding of parallel cultures in global society, joint activity, and even their equal dialogue. The article analyzes the concept of multiculturalism from a philosophical perspective and primarily explains it as a synthesis of communitarianism and liberalism. It was especially noted that multiculturalism, as a humanist ideology, reflects the equality promoted by communitarianism and respect for individuality and other cultures and religions, as liberals say. The article draws attention to the transformation of the multiculturalism paradigm into the main philosophical and political concept of modern societies against the background of globalization and the formation of the political doctrine of many developed countries, including the Republic of Azerbaijan, in the context of state policy.

Post-Soviet Civilizational Transit in Central Asia

The relationship between politics and history is becoming complex and tense in the former Soviet republics of Central Asia. The history of the countries and peoples of the region becomes the subject of an intense ideological struggle, during which Soviet historiography is partially, and sometimes completely, rejected, and new ideological myths are created that have no real historical basis. Not only historiography is being rethought, but also its context – historical memory, the historical culture of the new states of Central Asia. On the one hand, the ruling elites seek to place the historical memory of the Central Asian peoples under strict state control, affirming the ideology of state nationalism and referring to it not only political doctrines, but also traditions, religion, philosophy, social and human sciences. The rejection of society from cultural memory is typical for Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. On the other hand, historical memory becomes an ideological tool of intra-elite political struggle and society (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan). This is the essence of the post-Soviet civilizational transit in Central Asia.

"Untrustworthy" Stories - аn Аrchival Reading of Personnel Files of 'Oppositional' Employees of the Bulgarian Cinematography State Company in the Period 1948-1958

The political change that occurred in Bulgaria in the middle of the 20th century had a serious impact on administrative practices for personnel selection in various professional fields. In culture and the arts, it becomes especially important to attract people with appropriate political views and behavior corresponding to the imposed party criteria, goals and values. At the same time, the totalitarian machine worked mercilessly against any form of difference, whether it is a matter of lifestyle, character traits or simple expression of disagreement. Diverse information is duly collected for anyone who starts work in important spheres for the new government, such as cinema. By studying the personnel files of candidates for certain positions or employees who are inconvenient to the authorities, trends can be discovered in the way personnel are selected in the Bulgarian cinematography. This would allow for inferences to be made about the practices of enforcing the new political doctrine on the 'cultural front' by minimizing or eliminating opportunities for divergent thinking, individualism, innovation or cultural pluralism. The effects of this ideological and cultural recoding have a tangible impact on entire cultural and professional fields, but also on the development of cultural industries in Bulgaria and their ability to adapt to subsequent changes. Мoreover, studying and rationalizing the past could help us make visible causality obscured by historical time in order to find more effective solutions to some problems of the present.

<장주묘암도(漳州茆庵圖)>에 표현된 영조(英祖)의 통치철학에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to discuss the ‘Jangjumyoamdo’ that was produced in 1746 (the 24th year of King Youngjo’s (1694~1776) rule by his royal command. This anonymous but royal and political painting depicts the backyard of the palace that was described in Sir Hoiam Jangjumyoamdogi. King Youngjo attempted in his royal poem to have Zhūzǐ’s backyard and enlightenment ‘Kisumuwoo’ featured in painting. In Zhūzǐ’s backyard, Hwangkeuk through Hongbeomguju was expressed, while the Goesang of Changes of Book was depicted. ‘Jangjumyoamdo’ features simple coloring and depicting, while using Bugamsibeop to simply and concisely describe the backyard as if it were seen from the air. This study discusses the painting characteristics of ‘Jangjumyoamdo’ and King Youngjo’s motives or ‘Hongbemguju’, ‘Hwangguk’ and ‘Kisumuwoo’. King Youngjo sympathizing with Zhūzǐ’s political doctrine attempted to present his governance philosophy and realize the ideal rule of ‘Naeseongoewang’ (sage inside and king outside) through ‘Hongbeomguju’ and ‘Kisumuwoo’.

Issues of justice in the political and legal doctrine of I.A. Ilyin

The work of the outstanding Russian lawyer and philosopher I.A. Ilyin attracts the attention of researchers from various branches of humanitarian knowledge. At the same time, his political and legal ideas are of particular interest to modern legal science, which is the object of the presented research. The subject of the study is the views of Ivan Alexandrovich on justice, set out in his writings, both Russian and emigrant periods of his life. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the relationship between justice and fairness in the teachings of I.A. Ilyin; his ideas about responsibility and legal awareness. Special attention is paid to Ilyin's ideas about justice in post-Soviet Russia. The purpose of the presented article is to consider the ideas of I.A. Ilyin using dialectical, systemic and comparative legal methods united by the principles of historicism and objectivity. The main conclusion of the conducted research is the reasoned statement that in the political and legal doctrine of I.A. Ilyin, the issues of ensuring justice and fairness in law enforcement occupy an important place. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic is the substantiated conclusions about the relevance of I.A. Ilyin's views on an independent, well-organized judicial system, equal, objective and adversarial proceedings, as well as on the developed legal awareness and sense of personal responsibility of the law enforcement officer as factors in ensuring fair justice. The novelty of the research lies in the generalization of I.A.Ilyin's views on justice as a state activity to ensure justice in society. The author has put forward a practical proposal on the formation of judicial districts that do not coincide with the administrative-territorial division.

Уважение в праве: эволюция нормативного закрепления и доктринального осмысления

The author of the article attempts to determine the essence of the phenomenon of “respect” in relation to the state-legal patterns of its evolution in normative legal acts, law enforcement practice and research by scientists. The article analyzes individual historical monuments of law, the legislation of the Soviet period of the development of the national state and law, as well as the modern political and legal doctrine of understanding respect as an element of legal reality. Based on this, it is concluded that respect is positioned mainly in two projections: as a moral and ethical regulator of public relations, as well as a normative requirement, but having a spiritual nature. A certain kind of evolution of respect in law is proved: from a moral and ethical value to a legal principle. It is postulated that today respect in law must be considered through its dual nature with projection as a principle of Russian law based on moral and ethical values, i. e. within the framework of sensory and activity normative components. The author’s interpretation of the concept of “respect in law” is proposed, the conclusion is made about the need for a full-fledged, general theoretical study of respect, the formation of its doctrinal concept.