Political Dimensions Research Articles

Causes of Nurses' Migration, A Systematic Review

Background and Objectives: One of the foundations of the health system are nurses. Migration is one of the factors of reducing and losing this valuable capital. Methods: In this systematic review study, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SID, Magiran and Google Scholar databases were searched without time limit and based on the Prisma method, and in order to evaluate the quality of the articles, critical evaluation checklists of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) were used. Results: First, 265 articles were extracted. After screening and removing duplicate articles, unrelated, without complete text, the qualitative evaluation stage was performed, and finally 17 articles were included in the study. No intervention was reported in the articles and no study prioritized the identified effective factors. The causes affecting migration were classified into two main categories: Causes related to the country of origin (push factors) and causes related to the destination country (pull factors). The factors in the countries of origin and destination were counted in three areas: individual factors, social factors and cultural factors. Income, job position, job security, continuing education facilities and educational technology, team relations and facilities in the work environment and family status were identified as the most important factors affecting migration. Conclusion: Nurses and especially young nurses from third world countries had a high desire to immigrate. Considering the multi-dimensional causes affecting the migration of nurses, in order to manage this phenomenon effectively, special attention and structural reforms in the social, cultural, political and economic dimensions are needed

It is about time! Exploring the clashing timeframes of politics and public policy experiments

Abstract Although existing studies on experimental policymaking have acknowledged the importance of the political setting in which policy experiments take place, we lack systematic knowledge on how various political dimensions affect experimental policymaking. In this article, we address a specific gap in the existing understanding of the politics of experimentation: how political timeframes influence experimental policymaking. Drawing on theoretical discussions on experimental policymaking, public policy, electoral politics, and mediatization of politics, we outline expectations about how electoral and problem cycles may influence the timing, design, and learning from policy experiments. We argue electoral timeframes are likely to discourage politicians from undertaking large-scale policy experiments and if politicians decide to launch experiments, they prefer shorter designs. The electoral cycle may lead politicians to draw too hasty conclusions or ignore the experiment’s results altogether. We expect problem cycles to shorten politicians’ time horizons further as there is pressure to solve problems quickly. We probe the plausibility of our theoretical expectations using interview data from two different country contexts: Estonia and Finland.

Political Participation for Social Inclusion of Internally Displaced Persons

Internally displaced persons (IDPs) have suffered multiple disadvantages and experienced social exclusion due to involuntary movement to new communities where they struggle to find opportunities for social inclusion. This study examined the political dimensions of social inclusion which focus on engaging IDPs in decision-making on issues that concern them. The study used the democratic participatory theory as a framework for political participation through decision-making. The qualitative exploratory study used in-depth interviews to collect data from twelve IDPs, comprising five females and seven males, who were resident in Benue State, Nigeria. Findings show that government does not incorporate the decisions and choices of IDPs when designing humanitarian measures for protection and assistance; IDPs are not communicated with on issues of interest to them; and IPDs lack sustainable opportunities for interaction with host communities. The study concludes that not incorporating the decisions of IDPs in issues of interest to them creates a culture of humanitarian aid dependency. The study recommends democratising solutions by using grassroots bottom-up measures for sustainable social inclusion of IDPs where solutions emerge from IDPs who are the end beneficiaries of the interventions. A discussion of the study findings is followed by concluding recommendations.

Diversifying climate policy advice: Research agenda on the expertise of national climate councils

Understanding who influences climate policy and how expertise shapes decision-making is crucial in tackling climate change effectively. This perspective piece seeks to unravel the complexities of climate governance by reflecting on the role of experts in shaping climate policies. We suggest a new research agenda for studies on the representation and role of expertise in national climate institutions and in policymaking. With a shift towards national implementation, following the Paris Agreement, greater scholarly attention to the role of domestic institutions, including their scientific foundations, is crucial for our understanding of today's climate governance. Focusing on national climate councils, we debate the role of their expert composition and diversity of scientific expertise. We highlight the need for more research on the epistemic diversity and pay special attention to the role of social sciences, particularly the discipline's ability to address the political dimensions of climate action, such as equity, justice, and public acceptance.

Spirituality as an International Coping Method during Covid-19

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought forth global challenges in socioeconomic, political, and public health dimensions. For many, spirituality was a powerful source of support during this pandemic experience. The current review provides an apt overview of spirituality as a coping method to mitigate the mental and emotional impact of global turmoil of Covid-19 within the context of Europe. Using select studies from Czechia, Italy, and Turkey which have low, middle, and high religiosity indexes respectively, the potential positive effects of spirituality are examined across differing samples, geographical contexts, and traumatic events. We conclude that while spirituality is not a one-size-fits all method to mitigate the impact of trauma, exploration of potential interventions that also include spirituality might be beneficial for the field at large, and those affected by myriads of different acute or chronic traumatic events.

Contested Grounds and Missing Sticks: Assessing the Legality of India’s Surgical Strikes in Pakistan

The article wades into the contested issue of the legality of India’s surgical strikes in Pakistan in the last decade. While legal scholars have deliberated on the legality of India’s actions, international relations (IR) have remained silent, thereby underlining the chasm between IR and international law when it comes to international issues. This article evaluates the competing claims made by legal scholars by engaging with developments in international law pertaining to the use of force as an ‘outsider’ approaching the issue from a fresh vantage point. It finds the argument regarding the weakness of India’s legal position to be more convincing. However,it does not fully subscribe to the reasons attributed for the weakness. Drawing on insights from IR, it highlights the salience of political considerations and incentive structures. The article argues that a comprehensive view that includes legal and political dimensions needs to be taken to appreciate India’s stand regarding the surgical strikes.

School-to-Work Transition in the Youth Labor Market in Central and Eastern Europe: A Cluster Analysis Approach

Abstract Background This study analyzes education, training, and the youth labor market in central and eastern Europe. Objectives This study aims to evaluate similarities and differences in youth labor markets among eleven central and eastern European countries from 2008 to 2021. It specifically examines three aspects: wage ratios, early departure from education or training, and the share of the population not in employment, education, or training. Methods/Approach This study applies hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling to panel data. The complete-link method organizes countries into clusters. This study combines three-dimensional Cartesian projections and two-dimensional projections based on multidimensional scaling with dendrograms and heatmaps, to graphically illustrate the "school-to-work" transition across this region. Results Clustering highlights the Visegrád countries, the Baltics, and the Balkans as zones with internally homogeneous yet externally heterogeneous challenges for the youth generation. As the outliers in each of these regions, Poland, Estonia, and Bulgaria support clustering solutions that deviate from conventional understandings of central and eastern Europe. Conclusions Historical and geographical ties continue to define this region’s youth labor markets across political and economic dimensions. Clustering analysis identifies triumphs and struggles in policymaking in some of the poorest and most politically challenging member-states of the European Union.

Collaborative climate labs: A youth-led methodology for co-creating community responses to climate change

This article presents the Collaborative Climate Laboratories (CiCli-Labs), a participatory research methodology that bridges citizenship, science and politics. This methodology is grounded on young people’s knowledge and experience about their communities and seeks to develop a strategy for co-designing climate solutions with local stakeholders. Carried out in schools, the CiCli-Labs engage scientists, activists, business owners, and politicians in discussing climate problems identified by young people. By bringing together different positionalities that emerge from people’s diverse social roles, the CiCli-Labs aim to foster conditions for democratic citizenship and climate justice, embracing the necessarily conflicting yet binding dimensions of politics that can produce transformative and reciprocal learning. Additionally, it responds to the growing demand within educational research for community-based approaches capable of tackling the shortcomings in promoting youth agentic power in participatory designs, often marked by one-off events and youth-washing practices. The CiCli-Labs’ methodology builds on community profiling, through which students identify climate-related issues that work as catalysts for broader dialogues with local actors, challenging traditional adult-centric power dynamics. The methodology evolves through a sequential design based on the adaptation of participatory tools and methods: i) Climate Problem Tree; ii) Climate Social Cartography; iii) Pros-and-Cons Circuit; iv) Solutions Funnel; v) Climate Speed Dating; vi) Hands on Earth and Eyes on Clouds. The methodology was implemented in eight schools in northern Portugal, involving more than 300 students (grades 8 to 12). We discuss the rationale and practicality of the CiCli-Labs while mobilising empirical illustrations of the methodological process and participants’ perceptions about it, thereby contributing to furthering the problematisation of democratic research practices with young people.

Nationalism and the Ottoman-Arab Dynamic: From Cultural Renaissance to Political Revolt

This paper delves into the intricate relationship between the Ottoman Empire and its Arab Muslim subjects amidst the backdrop of rising nationalist sentiments during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It traces the historical evolution of Arab nationalism, examining its cultural origins and political dimensions, while also dissecting the Ottoman administration's response to nationalist aspirations. Through an analysis of historical documents, scholarly works, and contemporary accounts, the study illuminates how nationalist movements reshaped the political, social, and cultural dynamics within the empire, leading to increased tensions between the central government and Arab nationalists. The paper highlights key events such as the Tanzimat reforms and the Young Turk Revolution, which exacerbated these tensions, culminating in the Arab Revolt of 1916 supported by the British. It also explores the impact of World War I on Ottoman-Arab relations and the subsequent dissolution of the empire, as reflected in treaties like the Treaty of Sèvres and the Treaty of Lausanne, which paved the way for the establishment of modern Arab states under European mandates. Through a comprehensive examination of historical sources and scholarly literature, the paper elucidates the multifaceted nature of nationalism's influence on the Ottoman Empire's relationship with its Arab Muslim subjects, underscoring its profound and enduring significance in shaping the modern Middle East.

The future of medicine or a threat? Artificial intelligence representation in Chicago Med

The eighth season of the American medical drama series Chicago Med (2015–) represented the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in a hospital environment with multiple storylines. Born in the 1950s, medical dramas are among the most popular forms of serial television. Traditionally, the genre aims for a certain amount of accuracy and has educational goals. Former studies investigated the entertainment education and cultivation effects of these series, concluding that these dramas have the potential to contribute information and shape viewers’ opinions on various health-related topics. Chicago Med is a long-running broadcast production with a worldwide audience and considerable viewership. This paper analyzes the series’ representation of medical AI and discusses how this portrayal potentially shapes the audience’s opinion. The research started by identifying artificial intelligence-related storylines in the 22 episodes of the season. The analysis focused on the reasons and outcomes of AI applications, the character’s attitudes, and the ethical issues, including transparency, selective adherence, automation bias, responsibility gap, hallucination, unequal access, and political dimensions. The storyline analysis concluded that Chicago Med provided thought-provoking positive and negative scenarios about applying different types of AI in the surgical and emergency departments. The complex portrayal included groundbreaking opportunities, challenges, dangers, and ethical considerations. The main characters’ attitudes varied, from strong support or opposition to more nuanced, shifting opinions. The educative and engaging content has a potential for knowledge transfer and encourages critical thinking about medical AI.

Comparative Dynamics of the Belt and Road Initiative: Unveiling the Unique Position and Implications of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor

The Belt and Road Initiative introduced by China is one of the biggest infrastructure and development projects striving to facilitate commercial exchanges and stimulate growth through construction, trade, and investment links across countries and continents. Under this grand framework, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) arose as a significant and novel dimension of the deepening bilateral relationship between Beijing and Islamabad Meanwhile CPEC plays a strategic role as a critical artery that aims to redefine the regional dynamics. This article undertakes analytical research to disclose the position as well as consequences of CPEC among other projects comprising the BRI on a global scale. Through fine-grained analysis of the political, economic, and social dimensions of CPEC somehow positioned next to other BRI projects, this study can identify the uniqueness of CPEC at the level of its ambitions, challenges, and implications on both regional geopolitics and economic frameworks. The paper draws upon a combination of qualitative and quantitative data, comprising CPEC project results, bilateral agreements, and economic indicators, among others, to demonstrate how CPEC functions as a driving force towards economic transformation in Pakistan with associated implications for international trade corridors. Moreover, the research sheds light on the geopolitical strategies behind China’s investments and brings to the surface how CPEC is not only employed in economic affairs but rather military and geopolitical interests for China in South Asia as well. Such a comparative study assists in the process of knowing the multilayered nature of the BRI, and bringing forth those emerging insights on how projects like CPEC can form the structure of global economic and governance engagement of the 21st century.

THE EFFECTS OF ECOTOURISM ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN IRAQ

Tourism is one of the most essential elements of the modern service sector and contributes significantly to countries' economies, including Iraq. It also plays a vital role in increasing national income and improving the balance of payments in foreign exchange. It aims to provide job opportunities for the workforce and implement development programs. The research problem is identifying Ecotourism's effects on sustainable development in Iraq. The main objectives of the research are: What is the meaning and concept of Ecotourism and sustainable development, and what are the requirements for its application? What is the importance of Ecotourism as the most critical type of modern tourism? How do ecotourism dimensions impact sustainable development in Iraq? The most crucial search results: 1- The dimensions of sustainable development were represented in the environmental dimensions, social and political dimensions, economic dimensions 2- The research results showed that ecotourism principles take into account nature - ecological sustainability - environmental culture - and tourism satisfaction. 3- The environmental impact of Ecotourism on development was represented in (Ecotourism efforts lead to the continued reduction of energy and natural resource consumption) - The state should be able to reduce the problem of pollution as long as it has the financial and technical, and human resources to ensure the use of cleaner technologies and fewer resources - An ethical and ethical approach to Ecotourism.

Green Chemistry and Responsible Research and Innovation: Moving Beyond the 12 Principles

Green chemistry focuses on designing products and processes that minimize hazardous substances and address pollution, resource depletion, and climate change. Green chemistry products and processes could contribute to the transition to circular economy and reaching Sustainable Development Goals. However, green chemistry philosophy offers none or little guidance on social, ethical, economic, or political aspects that are inherent to complex transition processes. Such broad and future-oriented considerations are at the heart of ‘Responsible Research and Innovation’ (RRI) approach but to date the ideas of RRI and green chemistry remain largely unconnected. This study aims to shed light on how RRI and green chemistry approaches can be combined. A refined responsible roadmapping method is proposed to help researchers to go beyond the 12 principles of green chemistry and develop inter- and transdisciplinary research agendas that address technical, environmental as well as social, ethical, economic and political considerations. The method was piloted in three research projects aspiring to develop sustainable and safe chemical processes and their applications. The study demonstrates that at the early stage of research planning, the responsible roadmapping method can facilitate the integration of RRI and green chemistry practices and the development of interdisciplinary research plans, which address technical, environmental, socio-ethical, economic and political dimensions. The implications of our study for future research on roadmapping methods as well as for policy and innovation practice are discussed.

Population aging management from the perspective of the health field of Iran and other countries: A scoping review

Population aging is one of the challenging phenomena where due to health changes and the importance of different levels of prevention, the country’s health system is most responsible for it. Therefore, it is responsible for providing responsible service and dealing with challenges and obstacles to successfully face the aging phenomenon. In this regard, the study was conducted aiming to identify inefficiencies and solutions to face the phenomenon of population aging from the perspective of the health field in Iran and other countries. The study is a domain review that was conducted by searching for specialized words in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Mbase, and ProQuest databases and the Persian databases of the National Journals Information Bank, the Islamic Jihad Scientific Database, Irandoc, and the World of Islam Citation Database. The findings were analyzed based on 57 articles. In order to validate the findings, the opinions of five experts in the fields of health care management, social medicine, psychology, and health policy were used in the classification and completion of data. According to the findings, the challenges of the health system in facing the aging phenomenon were “inefficiencies of the health system”, “medication and treatment problems”, “costs and financing of the health system”, “inefficiencies related to health system employees”, “information and technology challenges”, “service challenges”, “health literacy and unfavorable lifestyle”, and “individual and social obstacles”, and the solutions to successfully face the aging phenomenon include “formulating laws and executive policies”, “prevention and treatment”, “supplying and developing resources”, “development of knowledge and technological performance”, “development of stakeholders’ participation”, “elderly centered”, and “social determinants of health”. The breadth and diversity of the findings indicate that the health system should be updated and strengthened in various social, economic, political, legislative, and executive dimensions in order to successfully tackle the aging phenomenon, and it should consider empowerment and attitude improvement programs of managers and health staff as well as the elderly.

The first frame: A camera-less photographic encounter with the foetus

This article examines two first-hand encounters with the foetus to reflect on the familial, photographic and political dimensions of 3D and 4D foetal portraits. It examines the photographic status of foetal portraits as intimates of the family album while acknowledging their public meaning in reproductive politics. The article aims to situate 3D and 4D foetal portraits within photographic history, theory and practice by examining how these camera-less images align with photographic vision.

Community, Village, Gender, and Social Inclusion: A Literature Review

This article provides a summary of the literature review on the relationship between community, villages, gender, and social inclusion in community development. The researchers investigate how these factors interrelate and influence social inclusion. The article outlines the role of communities and villages in promoting social inclusion and how gender influences these dynamics. The study emphasizes the multifaceted nature of inclusivity in community development, including spatial, social, environmental, economic, and political dimensions. Attention is given to meaningful participation in decision-making processes and proposals for empowering marginalized groups. The research underscores the importance of social inclusion in sustainable urban development, particularly for addressing the needs of disadvantaged groups. It highlights the necessity for more inclusive community development policies and practices that prioritize meaningful participation, social inclusion, and equality.

Philosophical aspects of the ethics of responsibility by Hans Jonas

In the article the philosophical aspects of Hans Jonas' ethics were described and analyzed. The analysis of their logical coherence and consistency in the observed moral imperatives was carried out. The reconstruction of the meaning of the ideological and contextual context was carried out, within the framework of which Jo-nas formulates the main provisions of his ethical theory. As the main application updating the proposed un-derstanding and ethics of the Recommendation, the solution of the technology, or rather its (their) intensive and irreversible growth, is proposed. The irrelevance of imperative ethics was emphasized in the light of the new particularly acute challenges facing modern civilization. The main epistemological and problematic as-pects of Jonas's ethical theory were highlighted, formulated in the form of questions, the search for answers to which constitute the justification of these scenarios. The application of the author 's logic of argumentation and the metaphysical basis of the new ethics in the key of rationalism, as well as the possibility of its applica-tion in the political dimension at the global level of environmental problems was demonstrated. The author's dichotomies were revealed when analyzing the ethical attitude to such categories as “value” and “responsibil-ity”. The substantial novelty of the Jonas concept was presented, taking into account the main provisions of Kant's formal ethics and ontological explanations of technical Heidegger. It was concluded that, unlike many irrational interests in modern philosophy, the ethics of Realization was embedded in the classical tradition of philosophical knowledge, although constructive polemics were associated with it. The question of the ap-plicability of the practical application of the new ethics was raised.

Pelo negro y dramaturgia: sentir, pensar y politizar el pelo negro mediante dos piezas cortas de teatro

This article explores the significance of black hair as a symbol of creativity, imagination, culture, and identity. It emphasizes that black hair, like performing arts, is political, as it deconstructs hegemonic beauty standards that have historically marginalized Blackness. The article highlights how colonial structures have used black hair to reinforce racism, exclusion, and inequality. The focus of the article is on the research and creative process that led to the development of two short theater pieces: Alisado and Gloria, Lola, Margarita, and Luis, written by Pablo Tatés Anangonó. These works use black hair as a starting point to explore intercultural themes and reflect on racial discrimination. In the introduction, the significance of hair in daily life and on stage as a tool for constructing stories and characters is emphasized. Hair is seen as continually processed through cultural practices, which bestow meaning and value upon it. The theoretical framework delves into concepts related to plot, dramaturgy, and the thematic concerns of the plays. Black hair is examined as a physical attribute historically used to identify Black individuals, and how colonialism has employed this to establish racial hierarchies and differences. The analysis connects these ideas to artistic and aesthetic theories that link art with social and political dimensions. The methodology employed is research in the arts, addressing and visualizing issues of personal and cultural significance. Autonarrative methods from various paradigms are employed, linking personal experience with cultural context, and testimonies of racism and discrimination related to black hair are collected. In the discussion, the theater pieces Alisado and Gloria, Lola, Margarita, and Luis are examined from different perspectives, showing the importance of black hair in colonial history and its commodification in modern times. The influence of capitalism on this commodification is addressed, and the plays spark reflections on racism and oppression. The conclusion underscores the importance of using performing arts as a research methodology to produce knowledge and foster reflections on significant social and cultural issues. The plays presented in academic events, referenced in this article, were well-received and provoked valuable discussions on black hair and its meaning in contemporary society.

SPATIAL DEIXIS IN BIMANESE AND ENGLISH: AN INVESTIGATION SIMILATIES AND DIFFERENCES

Spatial deixis is the language utterance that is employed by the speaker to convey the location of objects or events in space. The purpose of this research is to look into the aspects of specific deixis that exist in both Bimanese and English, as well as how individuals use them in natural conversation. This study next looks at the parallels and differences between spatial deixis in Bimanese and English. To collect data on the use of spatial deixis in Bimanese, the study used qualitative research methods such as semi-structured interviews and direct observation. In the meantime, documentation such as books, articles, or movies is employed to examine particular deixes in English. The subjects of this research were drawn from five distinct locations in Bima regency: Pela, Wawo Rada, Bima City, Wera, and Sila. The data was then descriptively evaluated by identifying, categorizing, describing, and explaining related to the people employing specific deixis in Bimanese. This study found that the aspects of spatial deixis in Bimanese can be seen from the deictic system namely; locative adverbs are marked by ta (ta ake, ta ede, and, ta aka), demonstrative pronoun (ake, ede, and aka), topography system (ese, awa, dei ari, and ipa), four corners direction (ɗa, ɗo, ɗi, ele), and political dimension (ese and awa). In English, there are various types of spatial deixis: demonstrative pronouns (this, that, and with plural forms), locative adverbs (here and there), and topography systems (up and down). The three aspects of spatial deixis that are similar between English and Bimanese are demonstrative pronouns (proximal and distal), locative adverbs (proximal and distal), and topographical system (up and down). Although the 'medial' concept in Bimanese has additional form in terms of demonstrative and locative adverbs. While there are distinctions between them, the Bimanese has many more spatial deixis aspects than English in terms of directions, topography systems, and socio-political dimensions.

Some Notes on Aeolian Neonteichos and Temnos

According to Herodotus, the Aeolians, who migrated to the coast of Western Anatolia in waves, established 12 cities in the region. Among these, Neonteichos and Temnos played key roles in terms of geostrategic importance, especially during the rule of the Pergamon Kingdom. These settlements later became strongholds during Persian attacks. However, Neonteichos, situated between the cities of Temnos and Larisa, did not have a significant presence in historical events and is therefore rarely mentioned in ancient sources. The fact that the raw material for the coins minted in Neonteichos was copper indicates the city's passive development, as it remained overshadowed by its neighboring cities. Neonteichos was initially founded as a military base to capture Larisa, which hindered its growth into a well-established urban center. In contrast, Temnos gained a well-deserved reputation as a garrison city frequently mentioned in historical geography. Its strategic position overlooking the Hermos River, the absence of powerful nearby cities, and its location on important routes from the coast to the interior positively influenced its economy. Additionally, the city was the center of worship for the cult of Apollo Kynneios, which elevated its status to a level that could rival the city of Gryneion, a key city of the Aeolian League. This article analyzes the developmental trajectories of Neonteichos and Temnos—cities for which there is little comprehensive information in historical sources and which have not been sufficiently studied in modern literature due to the lack of archaeological research—focusing on their socio-cultural, economic, and political dimensions.