Political Crisis In Brazil Research Articles

Két lázadás a császári Brazília Pernambuco tartományban alig egy évtizeddel a függetlenné válás után

The Setembrizada and Novembrada occurred in 1831, amid a political crisis in Brazil following the abdication of Pedro I in favor of his five-year-old son, Pedro II. With the throne vacant, a regency was established to govern the country. However, the regency encountered several challenges, including attempts by the imperial government to centralize power. In Pernambuco, the provincial president, appoin ted by Pedro I, attempted to dissolve the Legislative Assembly in November 1831, sparking a strong popular reaction. The people of Pernambuco rebel led against these authoritarian measures and local corruption.

Bolsonaro’s ‘Anti-Diplomacy'

The article compares Brazil’s president Jair Bolsonaro diplomacy with the traditional one and explains in what terms and why his foreign policy is different from a classical approach.Before he came to power, such principles as peaceful coexistence with neighbors, aspiration for national grandeur, peaceful conflict settlement and independent decision making were inherent in Brazilian diplomacy. Today the country’s foreign policy is unpredictable, inconsistent, and far from traditional peacefulness. Before changes in the US administration in 2021, Bolsonaro, as well as many of his predecessors, bet on the USA to solve national problems. Unilateral concessions to Washington predictably gave no results and lowered Brazilian independence in decision making. The USA was not interested in strengthening its rival in Latin America, no matter how friendly the relations between the two countries were. Bolsonaro’s policy is influenced by different lobby groups with opposing interests in government agencies. An important role is played by the military and followers of the theoretician Olavo de Carvalho. Paying attention to each of these groups, Bolsonaro implements an inconsistent foreign policy and runs a risk of not putting important political projects into practice and of finding himself in an international isolation.The changes in foreign policy take place amidst political and economic crisis in Brazil. Coronavirus pandemic aggravated the conflict of the branches of power. To strengthen his positions, the president appeals to the population, looks for support in the Parliament and pushes through an administrative bill aimed at making the president more autonomous in managing the executive branch structures.The appearance of the “right-wing” president and powerful influence of the conservative military stem from the economic and political crisis in Brazil, and Bolsonaro’s “special” governance style fits a worldwide trend of populism and active politics coverage in social networks.

Immobility as loyalty: ‘Voluntariness’ and narratives of a duty to stay in the context of (non)migration decision making

In order to broaden research into different forms of immobility, this article explores how immobility can be motivated by a sense of duty to stay by using data collected from residents of São Paulo, Brazil who had decided not to emigrate despite having the capability to do so. This is in the context of the increasing out-migration that Brazil is experiencing. The article argues that immobility that is motivated by a duty to stay cannot easily be classified as either voluntary or involuntary. Instead, the term ‘active immobility’ is proposed. Staying from a sense of duty to small-scale imagined social object such as ‘family’ is well documented. However, when analysing how duty can influence immobility, variations in scale are particularly important since the larger a social object is the less tangible and more abstract it becomes and thus there is a greater likelihood that there will be contestation about what that social object ‘looks like’. This article thus focuses on how a sense of duty to large scale social and geographical imaginaries such as ‘country’, ‘nation’ and ‘people’ impact (non)migration decision making. Exploring a sense of duty to be immobile amongst stayers thus reveals not only the geographical dimensions of motivations to stay but also the contested nature of the social objects that people imagine themselves as loyal to. The context is the recent political crisis in Brazil starting with the lava jato [car wash] corruption scandal and culminating in the election of President Jair Bolsonaro. These events polarised public opinion and exposed the contested nature of geographical imaginaries such as ‘Brazil’ or social imaginaries such as ‘the people’.

Overview of sea conservation policies in Brazil and social and environmental impacts in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

The ocean and its areas of influence are fundamental environments for life on the planet, harbor ample biodiversity and are the basis of support for many vulnerable families and communities, which justifies the implementation and effectiveness of laws and policies for the conservation of marine resources throughout the world. With the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus, many impacts have intensified in these environments, which emphasizes the importance of research that considers these effects and the political scenario in which the pandemic erupted. The objective of this discussion was to evaluate the social and environmental impacts associated with the resources of the sea, verifying the effectiveness of public policies and highlighting the importance of social inclusion, environmental education and shared responsibility. The study area was the Brazilian coast and the research methodology was based on the analysis of secondary data, analysis of official reports and documents, as well as a qualitative bibliographic review of scientific articles, presenting comparisons and interdisciplinary discussions between Brazil and other countries. in order to build a narrative review on the subject, presenting hypotheses for improvements in the post-pandemic scenario. The study reveals that there is a large gap between theory and practice with regard to sea conservation policies, which is enhanced by the political crisis in Brazil and its social, economic and environmental effects, generating impacts and externalities that affect national interests and international. It is concluded that, in the post-pandemic scenario, there will be a great need for joint actions to mitigate the intensified impacts of the pandemic, and it is up to the government to support the most affected and seek to ensure the practical effectiveness of the sea. conservation policies and effective environmental education actions.

Influence of the global crisis of 2008 and the brazilian political oscillations of 2014 on suicide rates: An analysis of the period from 2002 to 2017.

Global suicide rates have increased in recent decades becoming a serious social and public health problem. In Brazil, rates have been increasing annually. We aimed to analyze the correlation between suicide mortality rates and global economic and political crisis periods of 2008 and 2014 in Brazil. The analysis of suicide mortality in Brazil was done using a time-series segmented linear regression model that estimated the trend of rates over time. To obtain the model, changes in the trend of both abrupt and gradual suicide rates were investigated. The results indicate statistically significant changes showing an upward trend of suicide rates during the world economic crisis (2008-2013) and during the economic and political crisis in Brazil (2014-2017) compared to previous periods, especially at the extremes of schooling (3 < years and > 8 years). Among white and parda, there were significant trend rates increases in both periods and in different regions. In the Northeast and South regions, we observed a significant increase in the trend rate for males after the Brazilian economic and political crisis (2014 to 2017). We can conclude that the national suicide rates were influenced by the economic and political instability that our country has been going through since 2008, affecting each region differently. Further studies are needed to explore the reasons for interregional differences and the relation of suicide with unemployment rates and possible economic predictors.

Research note: Bolsonaro’s firehose: How Covid-19 disinformation on WhatsApp was used to fight a government political crisis in Brazil

Brazil has one of the highest rates of cases and deaths attributed to Covid-19 in the world. Two factors contributed to the high rates: the Brazilian government underestimated the pandemic and a large amount of disinformation was spread through social media. We found that disinformation about Covid-19 on WhatsApp was associated with political disinformation, mostly composed to support president Bolsonaro during the crisis he faced at the beginning of the pandemic. Our main finding implicates that disinformation on WhatsApp was connected to the far-right political dis-course and framed Covid-19 as a political issue rather than a public health issue.

Physical inactivity as a risk factor to mortality by ischemic heart disease during economic and political crisis in Brazil.

BackgroundTo investigate the burden of mortality due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) attributable to low levels of physical activity in the Brazilian population (aged ≥ 25 years) before, during and after economic and political crises (2007–2017).MethodsThis study was focused on IHD as a cause of death. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases (10th revision) codes related to IHD have been mapped. The data used for the physical activity estimates of the present study refer to surveys with random sampling carried out in the Brazilian territory that considers all domains of physical activity. The contribution of physical activity for mortality due to IHD was estimated using a comparative risk assessment approach. In addition, we verified the association between mortality due to IHD attributable to low levels of physical activity according to the Socio-demographic Index of the Brazilian states.ResultsFor males it was estimated that in 2007 and 2017 there were, respectively, 9,585 and 11,821 deaths due to IHD as a result low physical activity. For females there were 8,689 deaths in 2007 and 10,779 deaths in 2017 due to IHD attributable to low physical activity. From 2007 to 2017, there was 12.0% (for males) and 16.0% (for females) of reduction in age-adjusted mortality rate due to IHD attributable to low physical activity. This reduction was not observed in the Northern and Northeastern regions of Brazil for the male population. Brazilian states with better socioeconomic conditions showed greater reductions in age-adjusted mortality rate due to IHD attributable to low physical activity (male: ρ = −0.74; female: ρ = −0.54)ConclusionThe fiscal austerity policies implemented and the lower investment in social programs in the period of economic and political crisis highlighted the social inequalities between Brazilian geographic regions for the burden of mortality due to IHD attributable to low levels of physical activity.

Reflections on motherhood and the impact of COVID 19 pandemic on women's scientific careers.

I am writing this piece in a bit of an impulse. It has been several months now since life was normal. I used to have childcare support and I could often go outside to work, to run errands or for any other reason. Now, my two-year-old daughter wakes me up at about 6:30 AM and I play with her until lunchtime. She takes a two-hour nap in the afternoon, a period I use for remote work meetings. When she wakes up, I stay with her until around 7:00 PM. Then it is TV and dinnertime for her and work time for me again. She typically goes to bed at 8:30 PM, and I stay in her room until about 9:30 PM. At that point, I am exhausted. I can rarely work at that time. I have been in self-isolation at home with my elderly mother, who is at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of course, it does not help that I no longer can count on external childcare and that in my country the response to COVID-19 has been the second worst in the world, with potential to become the worst soon.

Low-cost bus business models and the case of Brazil

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify low-costbus business models from different parts of the world and check their applicability in the Brazilian market. It also identifies crucial factors for the development of that kind of business and investigates the relationship between low-cost buses and other modes of transport. This research analyzes every relevant aspect to the applicability of low-cost business models in Brazil, driving to discussions and conclusions. The gains on the development of low-cost bus systems in Brazil may have a wide reach, from personal to general public benefits. Design/methodology/approach Business models for low-cost bus systems are used to analyze in a qualitative approach. The data are collected through semi-structured interviews, direct observations and documental basis. In addition, innovations over the previous five years are evaluated in order to establish a comparative pattern between companies. Findings There is a great potential in the Brazilian passenger market for the entrance of low-cost bus companies. The only question is just when it is the right time to enter that market. Most of the negative points presented for the implementation of a low-cost company are related to the current economical and political crisis in Brazil. It was identified as a potential cause for the overall decrease of the passengers market in recent years, and specifically of the bus passengers market. Originality/value The recent regulation changes, the high demand for passengers and even the similarity of possible routes in Brazil to the ones in Europe and in the USA make Brazil a fertile soil for the development of that kind of business. A similar price mechanism to the ones applied worldwide was also identified as doable in Brazil.

Gendered politics of enmity

This paper analyses the role language and gender have played in the construction of animosity among various constituencies during a political crisis in Brazil. To do so, it investigates a language ideological debate about the innovative use of the letter X as a gender morpheme – an inclusive alternative against Portuguese binary grammatical gender system. The data include op-eds, blog posts, news articles and in-depth semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in the debate. The analyses track the emergence of competing metadiscursive and metapragmatic regimes about grammar, gender and politics. On a macro-sociological level, this language ideological work helps shape politics of enmity which characterise the current state of democracy in Brazil and elsewhere. However, it also points to the emergence of situated counterdiscourses of solidarity which help individuals face an otherwise debilitating social context.

Brazilians in Spain: communication and transnational activism in a context of economic-political crisis

The purpose of this article is to analyze the communication and transnational activism of Brazilian immigrants in Barcelona, Spain, which can be linked to the current context of economic and political crisis in Brazil, focusing on the collective actions of these immigrants against the impeachment of former President Dilma Rousseff. Based on the theoretical interface between communication, migration, transnationalism and activism, the article uses a qualitative approach that includes semi-structured interviews with seven Brazilian activists in Barcelona and the collection of communication materials produced and shared by activists in digital spaces. The results highlight the complementarity of street spaces and digital social networks in the exercise of an activism in which immigrants reestablish links, participate and intervene in the politics of the country of origin, articulate with the Brazilian diaspora in the world and give visibility to the context of economic-political crisis in Brazil in social and media spaces in Spain and other European countries. We highlight the relevance of gender relations, recognizing that most of the activists are women immigrants, and the preponderance of mobilizations guided by a feminist agenda that demarcates actions related to the impeachment in Brazil.

Brazilians in Spain: communication and transnational activism in a context of economic-political crisis

The purpose of this article is to analyze the communication and transnational activism of Brazilian immigrants in Barcelona, Spain, which can be linked to the current context of economic and political crisis in Brazil, focusing on the collective actions of these immigrants against the impeachment of former President Dilma Rousseff. Based on the theoretical interface between communication, migration, transnationalism and activism, the article uses a qualitative approach that includes semi-structured interviews with seven Brazilian activists in Barcelona and the collection of communication materials produced and shared by activists in digital spaces. The results highlight the complementarity of street spaces and digital social networks in the exercise of an activism in which immigrants reestablish links, participate and intervene in the politics of the country of origin, articulate with the Brazilian diaspora in the world and give visibility to the context of economic-political crisis in Brazil in social and media spaces in Spain and other European countries. We highlight the relevance of gender relations, recognizing that most of the activists are women immigrants, and the preponderance of mobilizations guided by a feminist agenda that demarcates actions related to the impeachment in Brazil.

ELEIÇÕES 2018 E OS VALORES CRISTÃOS NA ESCOLA DOMINICAL

Em ano eleitoral, a Casa Publicadora das Assembleias de Deus (CPAD) escolheu o tema “Valores Cristãos: enfrentando as questões morais do nosso tempo” para as lições bíblicas da Escola Dominical, um dos mais importantes ambientes das ADs no Brasil. Entre abril e junho de 2018, meses antes das eleições presidenciais, foram abordados temas como ideologia de gênero, direitos humanos, aborto, sexualidade e política. As escolas dominicais sempre exerceram papel fundamental na educação protestante e continua sendo o principal meio de instrução para milhões de seguidores em todo o mundo. No Brasil, as classes infantis são, não poucas vezes, o único elo entre as crianças e a alfabetização, quando estas não têm acesso à educação formal. Com a instalação da crise política no Brasil e extremismos espalhados por todas as partes, as Lições Bíblicas das ADs vem marcar posição quanto as suas crenças e esclarecer acerca dos valores defendidos pela igreja ao mesmo tempo em que os pentecostais abraçam a candidatura de Jair Bolsonaro, que apresenta uma série de divergências com a fé pentecostal. Em comum, traços do fundamentalismo convergem nos programas religiosos e políticos.

Health inequalities and well-being in times of financial and political crisis in Brazil, a case study

ABSTRACTBackground: Although global efforts have resulted in improvements in health and well-being across the world, economic downturns can rapidly undermine achievements in this area. Methods: Using Gallup World Poll data (n = 7,084) this study assessed the changes in health status and well-being before (2009–2013) and during (2015–2017) the current financial and political crisis in Brazil and their association with the Social Determinants of Health Inequalities. Health and well-being were measured by the Personal Life Index and the Life Evaluation Index. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression models were conducted. Results: A significant deterioration of well-being was found during the crisis, with a 29% decline (63–44%) in the prevalence of respondents classified as ‘thriving' in life. Food security, age and social support were the best predictors of health status and well-being, mitigating the association of health and well-being with income and unemployment. Education and community environment also showed strong association with well-being, and satisfaction with healthcare system played an important role in health status. Conclusions: In order to protect health and well-being during such crisis, policies should pay particular attention on enhancing the access to food, healthcare system, educational system, community environment (quality of air, water and infrastructure) and fostering social support.

Food security status in times of financial and political crisis in Brazil.

This study sought to describe the changes in the food security status in Brazil before and during its most recent financial and political crisis, as well as to explore associations between food security and socioeconomic factors during the crisis. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from two different sources: the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey for 2004 (n = 112,479), 2009 (n = 120,910), and 2013 (n = 116,192); and the Gallup World Poll for 2015 (n = 1,004), 2016 (n = 1,002), and 2017 (n = 1,001). Household food security status was measured by a shorter version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, consisting of the first 8 questions of the original 14-item scale. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the changes in food security and their association with socioeconomic factors. Results suggest that during the crisis the percentage of households classified as food secure declined by one third (76% in 2013 to 49% in 2017) while severe food insecurity tripled (4% in 2013 to 12% in 2017). Whereas before the crisis (2013) 44% of the poorest households were food secure, by 2017 this decreased to 26%. Household income per capita was strongly associated with food security, increasing by six times the chances of being food insecure among the poorest strata. Those who reported a low job climate, social support or level of education were twice as likely to be food insecure. Despite significant improvements between 2004 and 2013, findings indicate that during the crisis Brazil suffered from a great deterioration of food security, highlighting the need for emergency policies to protect and guarantee access to food for the most vulnerable.

Las disyuntivas en curso en Brasil Crisis en Brasil. El ciclo del Estado, 1988-2017

&lt;p&gt;El artículo analiza la crisis política actual de Brasil en el marco del ciclo del Estado que se abre en 1988 con la aprobación de una nueva Constitución y el retorno a la vida civil democrática. Se pone énfasis en el estudio de la ecuación Estado-sociedad civil y cómo ésta se va modificando a lo largo del tiempo hasta arribar a la situación de aguda crisis política de hoy. Particular atención se otorga a la valoración de lo acontecido bajo los dos gobiernos progresistas de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva y el primero de Dilma Rousseff y a las contradicciones e insuficiencias de sus exitosas políticas. Se da seguimiento a la protesta multitudinaria de la sociedad civil en junio de 2013, cuando inicia un distanciamiento profundo entre la sociedad y el Estado, mismo que no hizo más que profundizarse con el &lt;em&gt;impeachment&lt;/em&gt; de 2016 a la presidenta Dilma. El artículo concluye preguntando si hay un agotamiento del ciclo del Estado iniciado en 1988.&lt;/p&gt;

Do Algorithms Shape Character? Considering Algorithmic Ethical Subjectivation

Moral critiques of computational algorithms seem divided between two paradigms. One seeks to demonstrate how an opaque and unruly algorithmic power violates moral values and harms users’ autonomy; the other underlines the systematicity of such power, deflating concerns about opacity and unruliness. While the second paradigm makes it possible to think of end users of algorithmic systems as moral agents, the consequences of this possibility remain unexplored. This article proposes one way of tackling this problem. Employing Michel Foucault’s version of virtue ethics, I examine how perceptions of Facebook’s normative regulation of visibility have transformed non-expert end users’ ethical selves (i.e., their character) in the current political crisis in Brazil. The article builds on this analysis to advance algorithmic ethical subjectivation as a concept to make sense of these processes of ethical becoming. I define them as plural (encompassing various types of actions and values, and resulting in no determinate subject), contextual (demanding not only sociomaterial but also epistemological and ethical conditions), and potentially harmful (eventually structuring harms that are not externally inflicted by algorithms, but by users, upon themselves and others, in response to how they perceive the normativity of algorithmic decisions). By researching which model(s) of ethical subjectivation specific algorithmic social platforms instantiate, critical scholars might be able to better understand the normative consequences of these platforms’ power.

Human rights and political crisis in Brazil: Public health impacts and challenges

ABSTRACTIn 31 August 2016, Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff was impeached and replaced by her vice president Michel Temer. Herein, we examine how the conservative agenda of Mr Temer and his supporters is influencing key decisions in the human rights and public health arena in Brazil. The government’s austerity agenda includes severe cuts in critical areas such as health, education and science, jeopardising well-known strategies such as the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) and nationwide cash transfer program, ‘Bolsa Familia’ – both benefited millions and were the largest of their kind in the world. Mr Temer’s decisions show not only severe cuts in critical areas but also a political agenda that clearly demonstrates a broad shift away from the progressivism and social agenda presented and supported by its predecessors. Most vulnerable groups such as the LGBTQ community, women, people who use drugs and disenfranchised communities have been severely affected. Mr Temer’s administration is putting Brazil far from its once nationwide goal to foster free and universal health care access and social equity for all its citizens. The near future for Brazil is unknown, but both national and international communities anticipate severe problems within the national human rights arena, if nothing changes.Abbreviations: CCT: Conditional Cash Transfer; LGBTQ: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (and/or Questioning); SUS: Brazilian Public Health System

O discurso jornalístico impresso e o “espetáculo” da democracia

Neste artigo, buscaremos apresentar os resultados de um estudo que se propõe a investigar, analisar e descrever as estruturas responsáveis pelo estabelecimento das relações interpessoais e as intersecções destas com a persuasão no noticiário de jornais paulistas, estabelecendo, como recorte, publicações relacionadas aos desdobramentos da crise política no Brasil. Sustentaremos que o processo contemporâneo de “politização das mídias”, relativo ao fato de as mídias passarem a se apresentar pretensamente como instituições que cumprem uma função social imprescindível, propriamente a de desvelar criticamente aquilo que estaria oculto no mundo político, emerge na materialidade discursiva por meio de diversas estratégias camufladas de persuasão e controle. Construindo a ilusão da objetividade e imparcialidade, essas estratégias fortalecem a imposição de determinadas ideologias e o estabelecimento de consensos hegemônicos.

Economic and Political Crisis in Brazil: An Empirical Analysis of the Private Consumption

Economic and Political Crisis in Brazil: An Empirical Analysis of the Private Consumption