Overview of sea conservation policies in Brazil and social and environmental impacts in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

Tális Pereira Matias,Adriana Maria Imperador

doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20786

Abstract

The ocean and its areas of influence are fundamental environments for life on the planet, harbor ample biodiversity and are the basis of support for many vulnerable families and communities, which justifies the implementation and effectiveness of laws and policies for the conservation of marine resources throughout the world. With the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus, many impacts have intensified in these environments, which emphasizes the importance of research that considers these effects and the political scenario in which the pandemic erupted. The objective of this discussion was to evaluate the social and environmental impacts associated with the resources of the sea, verifying the effectiveness of public policies and highlighting the importance of social inclusion, environmental education and shared responsibility. The study area was the Brazilian coast and the research methodology was based on the analysis of secondary data, analysis of official reports and documents, as well as a qualitative bibliographic review of scientific articles, presenting comparisons and interdisciplinary discussions between Brazil and other countries. in order to build a narrative review on the subject, presenting hypotheses for improvements in the post-pandemic scenario. The study reveals that there is a large gap between theory and practice with regard to sea conservation policies, which is enhanced by the political crisis in Brazil and its social, economic and environmental effects, generating impacts and externalities that affect national interests and international. It is concluded that, in the post-pandemic scenario, there will be a great need for joint actions to mitigate the intensified impacts of the pandemic, and it is up to the government to support the most affected and seek to ensure the practical effectiveness of the sea. conservation policies and effective environmental education actions.

Highlights

IntroductionThese environments are essential for maintaining the life and survival of different social groups
Throughout history, the ocean has been the scene of disputes, clashes and conflicts of interest that in many cases exclude minorities from the decision-making process that end up losing their representativeness and having their needs suppressed by the predominant model of unsustainable capitalism. (Korpinen et al, 2021; Marques, 2020).Urban expansion processes, linked to the lack of sustainable development and conservationist practices, have been putting increasing pressure on coastal and marine ecosystems, causing several environmental, social and economic losses that affect mainly the most vulnerable communities. (Grip & Blomqvist, 2021; MacNeill & Wozniak, 2018).These environments are essential for maintaining the life and survival of different social groups
The neoconservative negationist intensified in Brazil and in some other countries in 2019 and 2020, and even propagated by managers and public servants, bring setbacks whose impacts can be very serious on the environment, in addition to being an unfavorable to the practices of education environmental that value social awareness before the worrying scenarios of conservation units, areas of permanent preservation and all the environmental, biotic and abiotic complexity in which human beings are inserted as protagonists in the generation of environmental impacts (Azevedo & Lima, 2020; Guenther, 2020)

Summary

Introduction

These environments are essential for maintaining the life and survival of different social groups They provide ecosystem services, harbor wide biodiversity, contribute to climate regulation and several other important functions for the Earth's dynamic balance, which emphasizes the relevance of maintaining actions that seek its sustainable use (Di Ciommo, 2007; Marceniuk et al, 2013). These ecosystems have been suffering several impacts associated with anthropogenic intervention, such as marine pollution, with losses for the polluting agents themselves, causing negative externalities to sectors, social groups and environments in a geographic location very distant from the main polluting sources (Aslan et al, 2017).

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