Political Arena Research Articles

Criminal policy of the state in the field of national security

The global processes taking place in the international political arena are more likely to correspond to the state of a silent confrontational and information war, forcing Russia to defend itself more actively, reflecting more and more blows from potential and established opponents. Ensuring State security is an integral and one of the most important functions of the state, it has as its task the prevention and suppression of actions that violate peace and order. It is this topic that is closely interrelated with the processes of preventing and countering crime, since the success of countering crime and, accordingly, ensuring national security depends on the effective functioning of the relevant processes. Taking into account the above factors priority task of the state is to ensure both its own security and the security of its citizens. The article examines individual elements of crimes that infringe on national security, which allows us to assess the scale and depth of the chosen topic. The authors have made proposals that should contribute to strengthening the rule of law while ensuring national security.

Mass communications in the formation of modern political culture of youth

The article presents an analysis of the role of mass communications in the formation of modern political culture of youth. The topic is particularly relevant in the light of events on the world political arena: redistribution of spheres of influence and change of the balance of power. Also of great importance is the development of information technologies and emergence of more and more options and forms of mass communication, as well as increase in the number of information flows. In this regard, the question of how a modern person can navigate them becomes quite rational. And how not to get under negative influence? The study is theoretical in nature. The purpose of the article is to consider the role of modern mass communications in the political culture of young people. The author has analyzed a significant amount of scientific literature. The materials for writing the article were the world’s leading and Russian studies on political culture and media competence. As a result of the work done, a fairly detailed description of modern youth political culture was obtained, and the place of media competence in it was determined. In addition, the author proposes a concept of the relationship between the levels of political activity of young people and media competence, presented in the form of a model.

KEY ASPECTS AND PRIORITIES OF POST-WAR DEVELOPMENT FOR UKRAINE

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of affairs of the Ukrainian economy, the legal system, as well as the position on the world political arena, in order to determine the priority steps that should be taken in the post-war period as a priority, as well as the main provisions that should be taken into account already today. Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article is the fundamental provisions of modern science. General scientific and special methods were used in the research process, in particular: induction and deduction – at the stage of collecting, systematizing and processing the necessary information; analysis and comparison – in the process of identifying the reflection of the current state of affairs of the Ukrainian economy; graphic – for visualization of research results; abstract and logical – for the formation of theoretical conclusions. Results. An analysis of the current state of development of the Ukrainian economy was carried out. The functioning of the legal system of Ukraine in the context of European integration is substantiated. Ukraine's priority steps on the way to post-war reconstruction are outlined. The theoretical foundations were considered and the essential characteristics of the country's reforms on the way to EU membership were systematized: law enforcement agencies, the judicial system, decentralization, the introduction of the Prozorro online public procurement system, etc. The list of necessary procedures for obtaining the status of a candidate for Ukraine in the EU was revealed. Originality. The essence of the implementation of Ukraine's obligations to obtain the status of EU membership has been scientifically substantiated. For the successful post-war reconstruction of Ukraine's economy, it is proposed to increase the share of foreign grants to 40-50% in 2024‒2026 in the structure of external official financing of the government of Ukraine, which, unlike the existing one, will make it possible to diversify sources of financing. Practical value. Conclusions and proposals based on the results of the research can be used in determining the strategic vector of Ukraine on the way to EU membership. Key words: reforms, reconstruction, post-war period, EU, state policy, institutions, budget

Methodological aspect of Central Asia and Russia development

The methodological aspect of the development of Central Asia and Russia is one of the key topics of our time, which requires the attention of researchers and specialists in the field. Due to the geopolitical position of both regions, their historical, social and economic context, as well as taking into account the changes taking place in the global political arena, it is necessary to develop holistic methodological approaches that contribute to the successful development of these territories. Given the many problems and challenges faced by Central Asia and Russia, it is necessary to have a systematic approach when developing methodological tools. It is important to take into account their specificities, needs and potential to achieve sustainable development and improve the quality of life of the population. One of the key aspects of the development methodology of both regions is the integration approach. We cannot consider the development of individual countries or regions in isolation; instead, we should strive to create a basis for co-operation and interaction between the countries of Central Asia and Russia. It is important to develop and promote coherent and balanced development methods that enhance cooperation as well as create favourable conditions for mutually beneficial economic and social development.

Reconceptualising Feminism in International Relations: A Critical Analysis of Masculinized Paradigms and Disparities in Leadership, Politics, and Power

International Relations (IR) as an academic field has its roots in predominantly masculinized perspectives, where traditional notions of power, dominance, and war shaped the international discourse. The article sought to explore and critically analyze how feminist theory addresses the disparities in leadership, politics, and power within the context of international relations. The article delved into the historical development of IR as a discipline, examining how traditional theoretical frameworks have inadvertently perpetuated gender biases. The article highlighted the multifaceted contributions of feminist scholars in challenging the conventional norms and striving for gender equality within the international political arena. The subsequent sections of this article discussed the evolution of feminist thought within IR. They emphasized the relevance and importance of feminist theory in reshaping the discourse of IR, making it more inclusive, and promoting gender equality in the article and practice of IR. By recognizing the significance of feminism within IR, this research sought to contribute to the ongoing efforts to transform the field and make it more reflective of diverse voices and experiences. The article used Realism and Liberalism feminist theorists. Desktop research review method was utilized by exploring secondary data from published articles. The article concludes that the oppression of women is rooted in unequal power dynamics that exist at all levels of society, from the individual to the political. International politics will remain a male domain and privilege as long as there are not enough powerful women to tip the scales.

Ақселеу Сейдімбек көсемсөзіндегі ұлттық идея

The article analyzes the features of writing the theme of the national idea in the journalism of A. Seydimbek. Since our country gained independence, the mass media and the work of individual publicists have played an important role in shaping public opinion. Publicists protect the interests of people through the media; contribute to the creation of their own information space on the world of political arena. Modern mass media are a powerful tool for influencing human consciousness and the political system of society. Akseleu Seydimbek is a unique person, relying on his publicism on the topic of the national idea, going ahead in presenting this topic to the attention of readers. The reason for addressing the topic of the national idea in the journalism of A. Slanuly is that the author is distinguished by the fact that he writes extensively on issues of ideological and political literacy during the formation of the national idea. From the journalistic activity of the author it can be seen that during the period of various reforms taking place in society, in the era of globalization, he sought to introduce his advanced thoughts and conclusions about the national idea into society as much as possible. Akseleu Seydimbek was a person who fully realized the need to revive the ideological struggle against the theories of Eurocentrism, Orientalism, cosmopolitanism, racism, nationalism and tribalism in modern society. This article analyzed A. Seydimbek’s articles on the national idea published in the media, Revealed the history and significance of the national idea, weighing the role of the media in this context, the author’s national consciousness, lifestyle, religion, language of the Kazakh people. Also analyzed the meaning of advanced ideas about culture and study how these materials have influenced the mind of the reader.

Design Activism in South Africa: Design Interventions as Invented Spaces to Encourage Activist Citizenship

Abstract This article is premised on the role of design as a vehicle for social and political intervention, with specific reference to design activism. Owing to design activism's prognostic stance, the article explores how South African design interventions facilitated new sites and actors of citizenship beyond the traditional political arena. The examples of design interventions and the subsequent discussion are grounded in empirical data. As such, the South African context of the research brings “theory from the south” into conversation with current design activism discourse. Furthermore, the article makes visible the relationship between acts of design activism and activist citizenship.

PMCs as an Instrument of Influence in the International Political Arena

PMCs as an Instrument of Influence in the International Political Arena

Ética climática, (in)justiças e limitações do Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais no Brasil

Abstract From the perspective of climate ethics, this article proposes to analyse the Payments for Environmental Services (PES) at the local (case study in São Paulo) and national (National Plan for Payments for Environmental Services) dimensions. The practices observed in these Brazilian political arenas were assessed via content analysis; From the guiding principles of political action, we analyse the dynamics of public policymaking actors in the light of categories such as planned naturalness, decision-making plurality, generational benefit, energy location and access to knowledge and material (PLANB Index). The final considerations refer to the urgency of public climate policies aligned with a normative ethical horizon, which must consider local perspectives as the starting point that helps the fulfilment of multilateral global agreements.

Orígenes y evolución del movimiento liberal en España. El Iberismo

Worthy of note within the Spanish history is the role of the 1808 Generation. Its main task is to start up the substitution of the absolutist regime for a liberal model. In the political arena, the ability shown by the Spanish people to self-govern is surprising. In less than a trimester, a new government is formed: The Supreme Central Board. The freedom of the press and the elaboration of the first Constitution (1812) is good proof of the efficiency achieved, given the critical situation. On military affairs the movement resorts to “total war”: to the peasants especially, base of the “guerrilla” volunteering; also on weaponry: each one fights with what is at hand. The economic, social, political and even psychological consequences are very high, which will be latent for at least half a century of instability between liberal and absolutist governments. The Iberism will gain strength as an alternative, both in Portugal and Spain, against England and France respectively.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDONESIAN NATIONAL ARMED FORCES (TNI) AND THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICS IN INDONESIA

The involvement of the Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI) in practical politics in Indonesia is nothing new. This can be seen from the track record of regional leaders who once ruled in parts of Indonesia as the dual function of ABRI. ABRI's dual function concept is a term to refer to the two roles of the military, namely the combat function and regional/community guidance. During the New Order era, ABRI's dual function in the field of defense was more widely used to minimize all forms of threats to state stability and Suharto's power. Then during the government of the reform era, there was a shift in the role of the TNI from being involved in political life to being a professional soldier. Then since the 2004 and 2009 elections, the TNI has managed to get out of practical politics. The departure of the TNI from practical politics is because the TNI as an institution that has armed forces can have a dangerous impact if given the right to vote. The research method that will be used in this study uses library research with a literature review based on literature sources on data tracking starting from books, articles, journals, and so on. Indeed, it is fitting for the TNI as the main component of the state to be returned to its role and function as carrying out the main task of being an instrument of national defense in a democratic country like Indonesia. The TNI may not participate in the political arena if the government in power has strong legitimacy and disputes between interest groups from the civilian side do not disturb the stability and running of the government. However, it is appropriate for the TNI to concentrate more on improving itself and re-preparing all the necessities to defend the country from all threats, disturbances, obstacles, and challenges (AGHT) and no longer expect to be involved in the world of practical politics which is a civilian area.

“Many of us are rare”: the right to health and the moral economy of rare diseases activism in Brazil (1990-2020)

This article discusses the different meanings attributed to the right to health in the mobilizations to guarantee care for rare disease patients in Brazil. Since the early 1990s, rare disease patient family associations have been putting agendas to the public authorities, with demands ranging from the recognition of diseases to the development of research and diagnostic tests. The trajectory of the mobilizations to guarantee care for rare disease patients is part of a broader process of social articulation around the possibilities and limits of the Brazilian National Health System. The right to health is at the center of this process, being the Subject of varied debates and interpretations in the political, health, and legal arenas, involving arguments guided by scientific evidence, legal principles, and moral values. We argue that these variations in the directions of the right to health have involved concomitant processes of strengthening networks of rare disease actors and institutions, and of maturing the healthcare system, both converging towards the establishment of a “moral economy of rare disease patients”. This moral economy is centered on the idea that the public health relevance of these diseases cannot be identified by epidemiological evidence, but rather by individual and family experience. We used a wide scope of documentation: texts from newspapers and magazines widely circulated in the country, legislative material, publications in specialized journals, and website materials from rare disease patient organizations in Brazil.

Inclusive Environment

Some people are left out of their community because of matters they have no control over. Some are excluded from the built environment because of their age, ethnicity, race, disability or migrant status. The “right to the city” concept provides an arena for the discussion of the inclusiveness of disabled and aging population in the built environment. Dar es Salaam city provides an exemplary case of a city excluding disabled and/or older people, confining them in their homes. This qualitative study investigates how being unable to access services within the built environment hinders participation of disadvantaged individuals in social, political and economic arenas. It is argued that forgetting these disadvantaged groups in the planning and design of built environment that urban managers, engineers, architects and planners are creating, enhances unjust societies. Therefore, contemporary urban design and policy-making approaches should inform practitioners to leave nobody behind.

OUTRO JOGO DE LINGUAGEM COMO PROPOSTA TEÓRICO-METODOLÓGICA DA LEITURA DO LUGAR

The article presents a theoretical-methodological proposition aimed at understanding urban dynamics through the incorporation of the narratives of the inhabitants who occupy and produce the spaces of daily life. Critical to the categories, concepts, indicators and indexes of urban planning, architecture and urbanism and especially to the way they are normally used, the article proposes to transform the diagnosis of territory that is part of the current decision- making processes related to the production of the city, into a reading of place that allows for a different language game in the contemporary political arena. In this direction, the article presents the lines of analysis associated with the field observations and literature that come close to the concepts of reading and place in three disciplinary fields - education, human geography and urban design -, linking them to the spheres form in the territory, activity in the territory and sense of the inhabitant. In short, according to a critical approach, in some extent phenomenological, the proposal aims to decrypt the city through a series of lines of analysis that understand the territory from the perspective of those who live and occupy it, leading to a possible disruption of the valued institutional, technical and academic narratives in force.

The Rivalry of Retired Soldier in the 2019 Indonesian Election

The role of retired TNI officers in Indonesian politics is very significant, especially during the New Order era, when they had considerable influence in political and electoral processes. Competition between retired officers can influence election results, as shown by the conflict between the "Red and White" and "Cendana" groups during the 1987 and 1992 elections. In general, however, retired TNI officers still supported the New Order government and did not significantly affect the election results. After the Reformation era, many military retirees entered the world of politics and government, but competition between them became a complex problem. The government and related institutions are trying to address this problem by promoting communication and cooperation among retired military officers and educating them about democratic values ​​and human rights. Many retired generals, such as Suharto, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Wiranto, and Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan, have played important roles in Indonesian politics as politicians. However, their involvement in politics can lead to competition and conflict, especially since they are often divided into opposing camps in the political arena.

Neoliberalizm, Siyasal Katılım ve Demokrasi

Democracy is defined as the system in which the people are determined as the source of sovereignty and the executives elected by the people, as representatives, perform the bargaining processes in the political arena regarding social demands. With the form shaped by the relation of capitalist production, 19th century gained a characteristic unique to the industrial society. In the industrial society, the people of the feudal society were obliged to work with a fixed, regular income. while job security and stability turned serf into proletariat, desubjectified them in the perception of participation in decisions and the sharing of resources. The participation of the productive classes in the decision-making by voting in the elections, facilitated the plunder of the commons by the capital. In the neoliberal phase of capitalism reached digitalization, the working classes lost their gains in the context of citizenship, as the relations of production turned into an unstable and precarious form. This loss, corresponding to publicity, created the source of the neofascist movement, fueled by identity politics. This text has discussed the change in the nature of democratic representation in the context of the transformation of the relations of capitalist production from industrial society to digital society, participation, the political projection of the commons of a politically agreed community, and the loss of publicity. The discussion was held through literature review and critical analysis of the conceptual framework.

COMMUNICATION OF POLITICIANS WITH THE AUDIENCE: TOOLS AND SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS

The political image, its formation, use and analysis are studied. Current approaches and methods of creating and effectively using a political image during communication between politicians and citizens are considered. The main goal is not only to generalize knowledge in this area, but also to identify key factors affecting the effectiveness of campaigning for political candidates. A historical review of the political image is carried out, starting from the first manifestations to modern trends. The author examines the importance of political image in modern election campaigns and its role in shaping public opinion and voters' decisions. Next, the influence of the individual brand of political figures on campaign effectiveness is investigated. The author draws attention to the need for consistency and appropriateness of the actions and speeches of political figures in order to achieve successful use of the political image. The article also analyzes modern tools and technologies that help political figures create and manage their image. The author examines the influence of social networks, television, advertising and other media channels on the formation of a political image. In the conclusion, the author sums up the results of the research and draws conclusions about the importance of political image in the modern political arena. The article provides useful guidelines for political actors and consultants, helping them to understand and use political image in their work.

Argumentation and Identity: A Normative Evaluation of the Arguments of Delegates to the COP26 UN Climate Change Conference

Arguments may sometimes be advanced with a non-standard function. One such function, it is suggested, is the expression of identity, a practice which may play a significant role in political representation. This paper sets out to examine a number of short addresses given at the High-Level segment of the Cop26 conference, which are considered to contain instances of such argumentation. Their content is analysed and evaluated by means of the Comprehensive Assessment Procedure for Natural Argumentation (CAPNA), and an attempt is made to highlight the purposes of the delegates in addressing the conference. At a more fundamental level, the goal of this work is to assess the possibility of identifying arguments as being meant largely as statements of identity or representation, and the suitability of the CAPNA or other norm-based systems for evaluating such discourse. The speakers studied include representatives from OPEC, the Trade Unions, and the leaders of Vietnam and Liechtenstein. Ultimately, the study concludes that while further work is necessary both on understanding the relationship between argument and identity in the political arena, and on the application of argument norms to representational discourse, evaluations of this kind are meaningful and informative.

The Influence of Patriarchal Culture, Motivation and Image on Women's Political Participation in the Regional Representatives Council of North Sulawesi Province

The General Election Commissions Regulation No. 7 of 2013 states that in submitting a list of candidates for political parties, women must include at least 30% of each electoral district. This is intended to minimize the dominance of men in political power, especially in the Legislature. This is due to the fact that the condition of women in politics is still considered marginalized when compared to the position of men. This is because the system of culture, education, economic level and others are still in favor of men. So that the position of women is disadvantaged in the political arena. Therefore, the involvement of women in politics will become an Affirmative Action which requires that women need to be involved in political activities, both at the political party level and at the government level. This study aims to determine whether there is an influence between Motivation, Patriarchal Culture and Image on the Level of Women's Political Participation, especially in the Legislature of North Sulawesi Province. This study uses a quantitative research method based on positivistic (concrete data). The research data is in the form of numbers that will be measured using statistics as a calculation test tool. Data analysis used SPSS 26. The results of the study proved that patriarchal culture had a significant effect on women's political participation, motivation had a significant effect on women's political participation, imagery had a significant effect on women's political participation, patriarchal motivation and Imaging together has significantly influenced women's political participation.

ŠVEDIJOS SPECIFIKA IR POLITINĖ PADĖTIS 2018 M. BEI 2022 M. RIKSDAGO RINKIMŲ LAIKOTARPIU

The Swedish Social Democratic Party has held power in Sweden most years for a whole century. For many years, it held it in coalition with other left-wing parties, proposing the general course of democratic functional socialist ideology, regular measures to strengthen the welfare state, a benevolent immigration policy, and a peaceful foreign policy, by mediating between west and east, and also north and south. Social Democrat activities were often carried out clearly and with predictability, with great hopes of counteracting future economic, social, political and cultural challenges. When too many of these challenges appeared in public and foreign policy, the ‘social democratic arsenal’ vanished, and less preventive measures appeared to counteract the cataclysms. The radical Sweden Democrats Party rushed into the political arena, and became the third party after the 2018 Riksdag election, and the second party after the 2022 Riksdag election. The Sweden Democrats proposed not only widening and deepening the welfare state’s programmes, and strengthening punishments for crime, but also a strict anti-immigration policy, primarily a racist anti-immigration policy towards newcomers from the Middle East and Africa. Other right-wing parties viewed the programme and the activities of the Sweden Democrats with reservation, but they had to form a coalition with four right-wing parties in order to win the Riksdag elections. After a right-wing victory in the 2022 election, Ulf Kristersson, the leader of the Moderates, attained the right to form a government on behalf of a coalition between the Moderates, the Sweden Democrats, the Christian Democrats and the Liberals. The political situation in Sweden before and after the 2018 and 2022 Riksdag elections is presented in the article, together with the political crisis between these two elections, as well as the results of the 2018 and 2022 elections. In the article, the author uses the descriptive analytical method, together with synthesis and some evaluations of the Riksdag elections.