Polish Media Research Articles

Moja narracja staje naprzeciw twojej. O kontekstowych użyciach narracji

The aim of this article is to analyse the contemporary use of the lexeme narration based on the contextual material derived from Internet media texts. As a consequence, the meaning of narration present in the Polish media discourse is reconstructed. The extracted aspects of narration are as follows: subject, object and intention, often with pointing out a concrete purpose, such as manipulation of reality or history. Thus, particular narration is often accused of being false. Narration appears to be a notion and a linguistic construct, unstable and prone to changes, which is exposed by the addressees. Nowadays narration could also be perceived as a version of the truth or it might be identified with the truth.

МАСКУЛІННІ ОБРАЗИ В РЕКЛАМНОМУ ПРОСТОРІ СУЧАСНОЇ МЕДІАРЕАЛЬНОСТІ (НА ПРИКЛАДАХ УКРАЇНИ ТА ПОЛЬЩІ)

In the article, based on the analysis of advertising content of the Ukrainian and Polish media space, the main aspects of the production of masculine images by advertising means are identified. The main cultural stereotypes in the image of men are identified, the role of advertising in the contemporary media discourse is shown through the introduction of modern myths into media texts and the production of mythologeme. It is shown that the production of masculine images in the advertising space of contemporary media creativity is characterized by reliance on gender stereotypes. Images of men are used both in segmental advertising aimed at male audiences and in universal advertising. The man appears as a competent specialist in technical issues and household problems. Often, advertising products use the contrast of gender stereotypes in which a man is portrayed as a macho, successful, winner. The source of gender stereotyping is, first of all, the socio-cultural foundations of the distribution of social roles, that is why in the advertising space there is social control over the production of discriminatory elements based on gender differences. And secondly, the established tradition of gender communication. A form of discriminatory advertising on the basis of gender is machismo as an excessive and demonstrative masculinity. At present, there is a practice of social control of the advertising space regarding the use of gender stereotypes. The problem of legal regulation of the use of masculine or feminine images is linked to the direct definition of clear criteria that would stigmatize a particular advertising product as gender discriminatory or non-discriminatory. Currently, there is a trend of universal portrayal of men and women in non-stereotypical promotional activities. Masculine imagery is an instrument of modern myth-making, primarily through the production of myths about war. Contemporary media discourse, including advertising discourse, is characterized by the introduction of modern myths into media texts and the production of mythology. The dominant advertising image of lmilitary mythologistsr is a male stereotype based on the thesis lwar is a man's businessr.

Populist and Nationalist Trends in the Polish Influential Press: Pro-European or Euro-Skeptical?

The aim of this paper is to determine the level of populist and nationalist trends in the Polish influential press articles related to the global financial crisis triggered on 15 September 2008 by the collapse of the Lehman Brothers investment bank. The result of the Polish presence in the European Union and NATO structures is that the crisis situations in Western Europe and the USA constitute an important topic for Polish media, and allow for the assessment of the level of approval/criticism towards the Western world. The author assumed that the domination of populist and nationalist trends is a sign of Euro-skepticism, while their presence that is not more than incidental – a sign of pro-European attitude. The paper versions of the most influential Polish press titles constitute the research material, namely daily papers: “Rzeczpospolita” and “Gazeta Wyborcza” and weekly magazines: “Newsweek Polska” and “Polityka”.

Polish Media Debate on the Migration Crisis. The Case of Opinion-Forming Media

The purpose of the present paper was: to specify the significance of the problem of the migration crisis in the Polish media debate as well as to point out similarities and dissimilarities in the manner of presenting (depending on a given narration applied) this phenomenon on the basis of two major, albeit ideologically distinct, weeklies, that is “Polityka” and “Do Rzeczy”, with the said two news magazines actively participating in the above-mentioned debate. The paper reconstructs the narrations presented by the said opinion-forming weeklies referring to the migration crisis and the issues related thereto. We also analyzed to what extent the weeklies differed with respect to the scrutinized phenomenon. For the sake of analysis, we availed ourselves of the assumptions of the agenda-setting theory. In our opinion, the conducted analysis allows for regarding the problem of migration crisis as a major area for opinion-forming activities of both weeklies. The respective editors of both weeklies put forward specific interpretations of social phenomena; and what is more, the suggested narrations, in a multi-faceted way, built a model for comprehending the events of European importance, with the said events perceived, on the one hand, as a threat to the Polish state (“Do Rzeczy”); on the other hand, as a challenge which demands Poland’s participation in the European politics (“Polityka”). Each weekly, while referring to some argumentation aimed at the demonstration of its sole moral rightness, attempted to discredit the position of the other.

Modele polskiej polityki pamięci. Obrazy wojny o Lwów w listopadzie 1918 roku w polskich periodykach polityczno-społecznych w miesiącu stulecia niepodległości Polski

This article contains a comparative analysis of presentations in selected Polish periodicals in November 2018 of the war between Poland and the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic over Lviv and Eastern Galicia in the years 1918–1919. In an analysis of the media discourse the author takes into account factographic, axiological, teleological, ideological, and political dimensions. He distinguishes five conventions for the presentation of the events: national-dramatic, national-heroic, martyrological-defamatory, tragic, and tragi-comical. He argues that not all have been represented in the different models of memory policy functioning in the public debate in Poland under the governments of the Law and Justice party (2015–2019). He considers that there have been four such models: the nationalist-Catholic, conservative-nationalist, universalist-patriotic, and self-critical. He argues that the rightist political party (Law and Justice) has long aligned itself with the conservative-nationalist model, while centrist groups, and especially the leftist group, do not attach great importance to memory policy. The author points to the danger resulting from neglect of historical issues in the Polish media.

The Church–State Relationship in Polish Media:Combining the Grounded Theory and Intermedia Agenda-Setting at the Network Level

The Church–State Relationship in Polish Media:Combining the Grounded Theory and Intermedia Agenda-Setting at the Network Level

Identyfikacja trendów w polskich mediach na przykładzie kwartalnika „Studia Medioznawcze”. Wykorzystanie narzędzi Big Data

Rynek mediów rozwija się dynamicznie, dlatego ważne jest właściwe prognozowanie trendów. Cel/teza: Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja trendów w polskich mediach. Metody badań: W artykule zaprezentowano unikalną metodykę rafinacji informacji Big Data do analizy trendów w mediach. Jako materiał źródłowy posłużyły teksty zamieszczone w kwartalniku „Studia Medioznawcze”. Do analizy wykorzystano narzędzia eksploracji danych oraz Big Data. Wyniki i wnioski: Sformułowano własną prognozę trendów mediów na bazie publikacji naukowych i porównano ją z przygotowaną przez firmę konsultingową PwC. Wartość poznawcza: Wyniki wykazują znaczne rozbieżności. Najbardziej perspektywiczne dziedziny w raporcie PwC – VR (virtual reality) oraz OTT (over the top) – nie mają potwierdzenia w artykułach naukowych.

The Reading Comprehension Skill of d/Deaf and Hard-of-hearing Poles and Its Importance for Media Accessibility

The study investigates the reading comprehension skill of d/Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) Poles in the context of media accessibility. Deriving from the assumption that spoken Polish typically acts as a second language for the DHH, the study employed state certificate exams designed for foreigners learning Polish as a second language. A reading comprehension test was composed on the basis of these exams, containing tasks at B1, B2 and C1 proficiency levels. It was administered to 126 participants: 87 d/Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) and 39 hearing persons acting as the control group. It was also accompanied by a demographic questionnaire to determine the relationship between the reading skill and such aspects as age, education, degree of hearing loss, onset of hearing loss, preferred means of communication (sign language, spoken Polish, both), declared proficiency in Polish and preferred media accessibility method (sign language interpretation, subtitling, either of the two).

"Jestem z wami sercem i myślami". O sposobach komunikowania empatii w dyskursie (studium przypadku)

The article is a part of a more extensive linguistic project exploring the concept of ‘empathy’ and its exponents in the present-day Polish (Falkowska 2012, 2017, 2018). The analysis is based on a corpus compiled out of Polish media texts concerning the tragic Nanga Parbat expedition (January 2018). Selected Internet posts and social media comments have also been included. My focus is on empathy understood along the lines set by Kuno (1987), i.e. the speaker’s identification with one of the scene’s participants. The paper aims at depicting the linguistic means that are applied in order to communicate the speaker’s empathy towards a scene participant. The study employs Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar model (1987, 2009) and the cognitive discourse analysis framework (Hart 2014), with special reference to the notions of empathy, empathy hierarchy and point of view.

Information sources and attitudes of Polish migrants accepting or declining vaccination in Scotland

Abstract Background Poland has the lowest EU vaccine confidence scores. The Polish are the largest migrant group in Scotland (91,000) with a high decline rate of nasal influenza vaccination. A new Polish language information leaflet in the 2018 school influenza programme saw consent form return increase but uptake remained low. We compare vaccination attitudes of accepting and declining parents. Methods A questionnaire to 365 Polish parents after vaccination asked about the leaflet, vaccination, time in UK and included WHO Vaccine Hesitancy statements. Accepting and declining parents were compared. Results 128 (37%) responded - 42% of vaccinating and 39% declining parents. 90% were long term UK resident, 72% speak Polish at home. Previous experience had most influence in vaccination decision-making, with social media and personal contacts in Poland and Scotland also key. Decliners were more likely to cite social media than accepters. Concerns about new vaccines, side effects and ’currently uncommon conditions’ are high in the Polish community and decliners hold more negative and scientifically ’incorrect’ opinions. Parents know that Polish and UK immunisation schedules differ for influenza, a condition thought less serious in Poland than UK. Conclusions Polish norms strongly influence this migrant group. Differences in how Polish migrants who accept or decline the vaccination respond to vaccine hesitancy statements plus knowing that Polish media and the Polish community shape their views can be used by health authorities to target health messages. It is important to be aware of immunisation status and vaccination beliefs of mobile migrant groups, such as the Polish, to prevent spread of vaccine preventable diseases in Europe. Linking vaccine hesitancy statement responses and behaviour can highlight national characteristics and particular concerns of vaccine hesitant parents. This information could be used to improve vaccine uptake rates among different ethnic minorities. Key messages Polish migrant children have low nasal influenza vaccine uptake. Vaccine hesitancy statements show decliners are particularly likely to distrust new vaccines and worry about vaccine side effects. Migrants access Polish social media and information and retain vaccination beliefs and norms post migration. Knowing this allows targeting of information campaigns to increase uptake.

Специфіка висвітлення державотворчих процесів у польських виданнях: «Niedziela» та «Tygodnik powszechny» (1989–2005)

У статті досліджено важливий етап трансформації польської преси, у процесі якого сформовано сучасний сегмент польського ринку преси. Предметом дослідження єпр еса «Солідарності», оскільки з цієї підпільної періодики виникла сучасна польська система друкованих медіа. Наукові питання й дослідження стосуються тоталітарного періоду розвитку польської періодики. У статті використано такімет оди, як синтез, функціональний аналіз, порівняльний аналіз, хронологічний принцип. Розгляд матеріалу ґрунтується на дослідженні різних видів преси організації «Солідарність».У роботі застосовано ґрунтовний аналіз типологічних класифікацій преси «Солідарності» вчених, які досліджують усі види періодики цього історичного періоду. У зведеній таблиці дослідників польської преси проаналізовано всі види підпільних видань за такими критеріями, як територія розповсюдження, періодичність, форма, тематика. Порівнюються класифікації вчених, які розкривають трансформацію соціально-комунікативної системи польських медіа. Велику увагу зосереджено на розгляді хронологічних етапів розвитку підпільної преси, названих у статті фазами розвитку. Хронологічному аналізу трансформаційного етапу надано важливого значення, оскільки фази розвитку вказують на якісні перетворення в польській пресі й становленні нових її видів сьогодні.У статті вказані на важливі одиниці медійного ринку (назви польських видань), які трансформувались у сучасні види преси під впливом закордонних медіа. Більшість видів медіа мають польське коріння. Розгляд польських підпільних публікацій указує на те, що більшість видів преси «Солідарність» існує сьогодні або перетворена на інші сучасні види преси. Проведено аналіз якісних змін формату польських видань, їхнього тематичного контенту та порівняно їх із підпільними виданнями.

Alumina contamination through polishing and its effect on hydrogen evolution on gold electrodes

In this work we show how the contamination of gold electrodes with alumina particles by electrode polishing leads to an enhancement in activity for hydrogen evolution (HER). Polishing is one of the most used electrode treatments, however, we show that particles from the polishing media cannot be easily removed from the electrode surface by standard cleaning procedures. Comparing the HER activity of gold disc electrodes polished with either diamond suspension or alumina paste, we show that the latter leads to higher current densities, specifically for the water reduction to hydrogen. A similar enhancement in HER activity was observed by the addition of Al3+ cations to the electrolyte, demonstrating that the particles are not catalytically active, but that the Al3+ species released in solution due to corrosion promote the water reduction reaction. Due to an increase in the local OH− concentration during HER, the contaminating Al3+ cations precipitate and may deposit at the electrode surface as Al(OH)3. In the presence of a high enough Al3+ concentration, layered Al(OH)3 plates cover the whole electrode surface. The plates are composed of Al(OH)3 sheets intercalated by sulphate anions. Surprisingly, the Al(OH)3 sheets do not affect the gold blank voltammetry, and therefore remain undetected by simple electrochemical characterization methods.

Evidence of gendered modal split from Warsaw, Poland

In order to design strategies focused on reducing car use and favoring alternative modes of transportation, it is first necessary to analyze and understand the current use of transport. While current discussions on modal share is present in Polish media and political debate in the context of class conflict, the gender aspect that we propose in this article, provides a completely new perspective. The present study analyzes the diverse relationship that men and women establish with different modes in a post-socialist capital city, such as Warsaw, Poland. The study explores how gender disparities are mitigated or exacerbated when interacted with other variables, such as age, access to private transport, and the presence of children in the household and seeks to understand its impact in terms of sustainability. The results show that Warsaw women have a greater willingness to use transit or active modes of transport, despite having cars available. In contrast, middle-aged women, with preschoolers in the household, are characterized by a high automobile dependency, in comparison to other women. Therefore, they should be especially targeted in future policy making.

Abrasive flow machining of laser powder bed-fused parts: Numerical modeling and experimental validation

Abrasive flow machining (AFM) is considered one of the best-suited candidates for the finishing of complex components made by additive manufacturing. However, the AFM process leads to mass loss and consequent alteration of the part geometry and dimensions. A numerical tool is needed to reduce the number of time-consuming and labor-intensive experimental trials and allow the efficient prediction of machining allowances for the final geometry and surface finish of AFM-processed parts. This paper presents a combined numerical-experimental approach to predict the results of such a polishing process. The model devised simulates the indentation of abrasive grains to a workpiece and takes into account the initial surface roughness of the part as well as the velocity and pressure of a polishing medium abrading the surface, the latter obtained via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. To validate the model, an experimental study has been carried out on laser powder bed-fused Ti-6Al-4 V coupons containing multiple planar faces with different surface roughnesses resulting from their variable orientations during manufacturing. With respect to material removal, simulations and experiments provided very close results, and the relatively minor discrepancies observed may be reduced by refining the calibration protocol and adjusting the boundary conditions of the model.

Inside the Polish media firms: Accountability and transparency in the newsrooms

Although the majority of mechanisms and instruments which aim to support media ethics and journalistic professionalization in Poland were introduced at an early stage of political and social transformation in the 1990s, media accountability is still in the making. The moderate level of journalistic professionalization might be explained by the weakness of existing self regulatory mechanisms (codes of journalistic conduct, The Council of Media Ethics), divisions within journalistic communities (left wing-oriented vs. right-wing politically oriented) and the growing economic pressure. Bearing in mind that decision-making processes, supportive management as well as organizational structures and cultures might have an impact on journalistic behaviour and the understanding of roles and journalistic quality, this paper will go a long way in explaining the state of media accountability and transparency from the perspective of newsrooms. Referencing to the outcomes of empirical international research project “Media Accountability and Transparency in Europe (MediaAcT)” (2010–2013) the study will provide evidence similarities and differences in the perception of tools and existing practices by journalists from different types of media and job positions.

Stereotypy – literatura – polityka. Jan (Iwan) Mazepa w polskim przekazie

<p>Jan (Iwan) Mazepa-Kołodyński (około 1639–1709) to postać znana głównie pisarzom, poetom, malarzom i kompozytorom. Mazepa, początkowo związany z Janem Kazimierzem, a następnie z hetmanem prawobrzeżnej Ukrainy Doroszenką, zwrócił się do Piotra I. W latach 1687–1708 był hetmanem kozackim lewego brzegu Ukrainy. Powrót Mazepy do Polski nastąpił po wojnie Rosji ze Szwecją. Mazepa starał się odłączyć Ukrainę od Rosji. Nawiązał kontakt z obozem Stanisława Leszczyńskiego. Klęska Karola XII w Połtawie (8 sierpnia 1609 r.) Była końcem marzenia hetmana o wolnej Ukrainie. Dla Rosji i rosyjskiego Kościoła prawosławnego przez długi czas był symbolem zdrajcy, co miało wpływ na rosyjską historiografię. Dla współczesnej Ukrainy Iwan Mazepa jest bohaterem narodowym. W polskich mediach, z wyjątkiem relacji Jana Chryzostoma Paska i części starszej historiografii, obraz Mazepy jest obiektywny i raczej pozytywny. W artykule omówiono opinie i oceny w dzienniku Paska i dramacie Juliusza Słowackiego. Podano przykłady słowa „mazepa” w mowie potocznej. Z historiografii polskiej wspomniano polskich historyków, w tym: Józefa Feldmana, Jana Perdenia, Józefa Andrzeja Gierowskiego, Wiesława Majewskiego, Władysława Andrzeja Serczyka, Zbigniewa Wójcika i innych. W konkluzji autorka stwierdza, że nie ma książki biograficznej o Mazepie. Czeka on wciąż na właściwego historyka i należy mieć nadzieję, że uwzględni on zjawisko złego wpływu wszystkich tendencji politycznych na obiektywność historyczną.</p>

Media i komunikowanie społeczne: federacja, ale jaka? Dalsze pytania o przyszłość dyscypliny

Cel: Analiza perspektyw i koncepcji rozwoju polskiego medioznawstwa w zmieniających się warunkach organizacji życia naukowego w Polsce. Autorka porównuje wąską koncepcję medioznawstwa powiązanego z paradygmatem politologicznym oraz koncepcję luźnej federacji wielodyscyplinarnej. Rozważa negatywny wpływ na rozwój polskiego medioznawstwa mechanizmów dyscyplinujących, mających zwiększać performatywność i mierzalność wyników naukowców oraz wymuszających publikowanie w pismach zagranicznych po angielsku. Metody badań: Autorka dokonała przeglądu konceptualizacji dyscypliny od czasu powstania w Polsce nauki o mediach oraz proponowanych nowych rozwiązań systemowych. Wyniki i wnioski: (1) Konieczność celowych działań środowiska na rzecz wzmocnienia statusu medioznawstwa jako dyscypliny naukowej, a nie jedynie zbioru technik i pragmatyk; (2) Potrzeba świadomego przewartościowania kryteriów sukcesu i jakości naukowej we wspólnym polu. Wartość poznawcza artykułu: Wiąże się z jego charakterem polemicznym i programowym – dyskusja o statusie i przyszłości dyscypliny jest obecnie pilną potrzebą środowiska medioznawczego. Pismo medioznawcze jest natomiast odpowiednim kontekstem dla tego typu dyskusji.

A qualitative study of vaccination behaviour amongst female Polish migrants in Edinburgh, Scotland

Vaccine hesitancy is increasing and failure to vaccinate is well-recognised in Europe as a contributing factor to outbreaks of infectious diseases. In Lothian and Scotland, low vaccine uptake has been seen in migrants – notably in the Polish group who have arrived since 2004. The recent Vaccine Confidence in European Union report highlights a concerning recent decline in vaccine confidence in Poland.We held three focus groups containing 13 Polish women about the childhood vaccination programme in Lothian, with specific focus on influenza and Human Papillomavirus vaccinations. Key emergent themes were: trust in the national vaccination policy, trust in the vaccination providers (health professionals), trust in the individual vaccines, balancing the risk of disease, and language and communication.Polish norms, beliefs and behaviours shape how Polish migrants navigate the UK health system and its vaccination programme. While not confident in the Scottish primary care model and its generalist practitioners, the participants liked the ethos of informed consent in Scotland and compared this favourably with the compulsory vaccination policy in Poland. There was a belief that vaccines in Scotland were of higher quality than Poland and with fewer adverse effects.Respondents reported returning to Poland for specialist clinical appointments and diagnostic testing. They regularly access Polish clinical expertise and their opinions about health are influenced by Polish friends and family. They say they have difficulty finding official UK Government and health authority vaccination material and often access Polish media, online resources and information. They are familiar with anti-vaccination activities in Poland.Consequently, there are important unmet information needs for this group of parents who may not be making truly informed choices about vaccination. This requires further investigation especially as migration continues and declining immunisation uptake is reported in many countries across Europe.

The use of rice polish medium for the evaluation of antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria

The use of rice polish medium for the evaluation of antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria

THE METAPHOR OF THE GAME IN MODERN POLISH MEDIA

The article deals with the cognitive metaphor in the current Polish media. The metaphor is analyzed as a pragmatic process of creating a metaphorical phrase as a result of the words transfer from the source domain to the target domain. Based on examples excerpted from the Polish media between 2001 and 2010, the paper makes an attempt at explaining the various game`s metaphors using.