Polish Nationality Research Articles

ЛИСТОПАДОВИЙ ЧИН НА ТОВМАЧЧИНІ У СПОГАДАХ СУЧАСНИКІВ

On the basis of the memoirs of certain contemporaries, the prerequisites, preparation and the fact of ascendance perception by the Ukrainian authorities in Tovmachchyna at the end of October – early November 1918 were considered in this article. The memoirs of such state, public, political and military figures as Ivan Makukh, Volodymyr Klodnytskyi, Osyp Klodnytskyi, Pavlo Volosenko, Mykhailo Chemnyi are among them. In the article, for the sake of objectivity while studying the problem research, the memoirs of Dominik Khirovskyi, the witness of those events and a representative of Polish nationality, were used. The memoirs, used in the publication, were represented to the scientific world mostly outside of our country – in the diaspora.

Extravert individualists or introvert collectivists? Personality traits and individualism and collectivism in students in Poland and Ukraine

The aim of this research was to analyse the connections between personality traits and horizontal and vertical forms of individualism and collectivism, regarded as social orientations, in two national groups of students. The analyses were conducted in the context of psychosocial functioning in the academic environment. A total of 210 students were examined including 109 of Polish nationality and 101 of Ukrainian nationality. Despite the historical and geographical proximity of both countries, we predicted that different relationships between variables will occur in the two samples of students. The following tests were used: the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) and the Vertical- Horizontal Individualism-Collectivism Scale (KIRH) in Polish and Ukrainian versions. The results indicated that Polish students had significantly higher horizontal orientation, both in individualism and collectivism, compared to their Ukrainian colleagues. Polish students were also more agreeable and open to experience than Ukrainian students. There were significantly different patterns of correlations between the analysed variables in the two national groups. The obtained z-statistics revealed differences between groups in correlations between the vertical form of both individualism and collectivism and such personality traits as extraversion, emotional stability, and openness to experience. There was also a significant difference between the relationships of horizontal individualism and agreeableness in two compared groups. Regression analyses indicated various significant predictors of social orientations in the two groups.

„Osoba polskiego pochodzenia”. Terminologiczno-prawny aspekt represji po powstaniu styczniowym na Ziemiach Zabranych

Artykuł przedstawia problem, jaki miały władze państwa rosyjskiego różnych szczebli z określeniem, kogo należy karać za udział w powstaniu styczniowym na ziemiach litewsko-białorusko-ukraińskich. Wszystkie próby sprecyzowania przedmiotu represji, podejmowane w latach 1865–1914, zakończyły się niepowodzeniem. Autor analizuje najważniejsze działania władz centralnych i administracji terenowej mające na celu wskazanie cech charakteryzujących „osobę polskiego pochodzenia”. “Person of Polish Origin”. The Terminological and Legal Aspects of Reprisals after the January Uprising in the Taken LandsThe development of the system of reprisals against the Polish landed gentry in the Taken Lands after the fall of the January Uprising (1864) resulted in the need to legally define the subject of system restrictions by the Russian state. It was therefore necessary to determine who was a “person of Polish descent”, and devise a method of separating such a person from other inhabitants of a multinational and multi-religious society living in the former Commonwealth lands taken by Russia. The purpose was to determine who should pay the contribution imposed on the Polish population for participating in the January Uprising (1863–64) and who should be subject to restrictions in the land sales in the Western guberniyas. This was done not only by special committees (Western Committee), and special commissions (e.g. for the Settlement of the Russian Element in the Western Country of 1865), but also state ministries (mainly the Ministry of the Interior), successive state cabinets (especially under Tsar Alexander III), and governor-generals from Vilno and Kiev as well as more zealous Russifiers in the persons of governors from nine Lithuanian-Belarusian-Ukrainian guberniyas. This task turned out to be too difficult for members of the Russian bureaucratic machine; in practice, the ethnic differentiator (sometimes based on the everyday language) was combined with the religious one (Catholic). So the “person of Polish descent” was usually a Pole who used Polish at home and professed Catholic faith. Problems appeared when the landowner was of Polish nationality, he spoke Polish, but he was not Catholic, e.g. Orthodox, or he was Catholic, he spoke Polish, but he considered himself a German, or worse, a Russian! In the face of such cases, which were not uncommon, everything (i.e. paying contributions and the right to trade in land) depended on the decision of an individual governor. Кого следует считать «лицом польского происхождения». Терминологически-юридический аспект репрессий после Январского восстания на Отобранных землях Создание системы репрессий в отношении польских помещиков на Отобранных землях после падения Январского восстания, вызвало необходимость в юридическом определении предмета, подверженного системным ограничениям со стороны российского государства. Следовательно, надо было определить, кто является «лицом польского происхождения» и как выделить такое лицо из числа других жителей, принадлежавших к многонациональному и многоконфессиональному обществу, населявшему земли, отобранные Россией у бывшей Речи Посполитой. Речь шла о том, кто должен платить контрибуцию, которой обложили польское население за участие в восстании и на кого должны распространяться ограничения в приобретении земель в Западных губерниях. Этим занимались не только особые комитеты (Западный комитет), особые комиссии (напр. о мерах водворения в Западном крае русского элемента в 1865 г.), но и министерства (главным образом Министерство Внутренних Дел), отдельные правительства (особенно при Александре III), как и Виленские и Киевские генерал-губернаторы, а также некоторые усердствующие русификаторы из числа губернаторов девяти литовско-белоруско-украниских губерний. Эта задача оказалась слишком сложной для представителей российской бюрократической машины – на практике соединялись признаки этнический (иногда опиравшийся на повседневный язык) с конфессиональным (католик). Следовательно, «лицом польского происхождения» был обычно поляк, пользующийся дома польским языком и исповедующий католицизм. Дилеммы появлялись, когда помещик польской национальности, говорил на польском, но не был католиком, а напр. православным, или был католиком, говорил на польском, но считал себя немцем или еще хуже – русским! В таких случаях, ничуть нередких, все (то есть оплата контрибуции и право приобретения земли) зависело от решения данного губернатора.

About the possible role of the hypocaloric diet in the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism

Many researchers of the thyroid pathology consider that the investigation of the epidemiology of thyroid disease in conjunction with the study of the diet are relevant. The question is if the unbalanced diet may worsen the course of hypothyroidism. The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between the peculiarities of the diet of patients with hypothyroidism and the functional state of the thyroid gland. Methods and materials. It was observed 400 women of Polish nationality aged 19–28 years living in Biala Podlaska district of the Lublin Voivodeship of Poland which consider themselves healthy. The blood levels of free (FT3) and total (T3) triiodothyronine, free (FT4) and total (T4) thyroxin, thyrotropic hormone (TSH) were determined. With the help of questionnaires and food tables, the approximate average amount of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the daily ration was determined, as well as the average amount consumed daily with iodine. The prevalence of hypothyroidism among surveyed women was 3.5 % and was not significantly different from the values ​​observed in the European Union. Women with reduced thyroid function consumed with food significantly 3.78 times less iodine, 2.97 times (P < 0.001) less salt and 1.47 times (P < 0.001) less protein compared to women with normal thyroid function. In addition, women with hypothyroidism consumed with food 2.25 times (P < 0.001) more products with properties of strumogens. The development of hypothyroidism in the examined women was combined with a reduced intake of iodine and proteins with food products and an increased use of products with the properties of strumogens.

Polish community of Odesa in the system of political terror in 1920-1921

In early February of 1920, the Odesa Hubernia Extraordinary Commission (OHEC), the most brutal punitive body of the Communist Party, was restored. The OHEC board has sentenced to death 1551 persons only during 1920. Among them, there were 126 accused of cooperation with the "Polish Military Organization" (PMO). The anti-Polish campaign in Odesa began in May 1920, when newspapers started publishing propaganda materials that called for fighting against Polish bourgeoisie. The victory over it would have opened the road to the world revolution for the German and English proletariat.At the tactical level, the campaign goal was to prevent Poles from spying on the home front. To enforce this policy, the OHEC ordered all persons of Polish nationality and all those who had Polish citizenship, indiscriminate of gender and between the ages of 16 and 60, to register in the 5-day period at the registration office for foreigners. As a result of external surveillance and the work of the agents, 200 people were arrested in early September and accused of being the members of PMO. On October 5, the OHEC Board sentenced 26 persons to death and ordered to confiscate their property. On the night of October 6-7, they were executed. On October 28, during the sitting of the OHEC Board, 100 persons were sentenced to death, for “cooperation with the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the General Headquarters of the Polish Army” and for “belonging to the Agent Information Point K.N.Z.S.I.” The sentence was carried out in the night of October 30. This case “solved” by OHEC in 1920 was “the biggest, in terms of the number of defendants and the crimes that they have been accused of," and included the materials on the Polish, White Guard and Petliura underground organizations. In the archives of the Office of the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) in Odesa region, there are only 16 personal archival investigation files that belong to this case.In September 1921, OHEC discovered another “underground Polish organization”. According to the protocol of the OHEC Board sitting, which took place on September 21, 1921, 110 persons were arrested in this case, 51 of them were executed on September 23. Thus, Polish community in Odesa, represented by the members of PMO, joined the resistance against the policy of the Communist Party, in the bid to overthrow the communist regime and stop its social experiments, which had been in conflict with the interests of all strata of the city population.The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes and consequences of political terror perpetuated by the punitive bodies of the Communist Party against the members of POV in Odesa, the Polish community of the city and the persons of other nationalities accused of collaborating with the Polish military and civilian authorities. The task of this article is also to discover and publish the names of the victims of political terror. The main political and economic aspects of social life were examined in the context of the topic.

Obraz rodziny Feliksa Nowowiejskiego. Aspekty patriotyczne, religijne, ludowe

The Sejm of the Polish Republic pronounced Feliks Nowowiejski to be a patron of the year 2016. In the justification statement, the Polish parliament stated that ‘this artist always stood on the side of the Polish nationality and Polish culture’. My research objective is to present a portrait of F. Nowowiejski’s family and to demonstrate its importance in the development of an individual and a society in the contemporary world. For F. Nowowiejski, family – next to his homeland and music – had the highest value. He came from a very large family (he was one of 14 siblings), and himself had four sons and a daughter. The composer’s family lived in Warmia and was subject to Germanisation efforts, aiming at the annihilation of Poland and Polish culture. Despite the persecutions, the Nowowiejski family did not renounce their identity and brought up their children in the atmosphere of Polish patriotism. The identity of Polish Warmiaks rested on two pillars: Polish nationality and Catholic religion, which were strengthened in response to the anti-Catholic and anti-Polish policy of Bismarck. F. Nowowiejski witnessed Poland’s regained independence in 1918 and in 1945; and he also participated in the plebiscite in Warmia and Masuria in 1920. Poland lost the plebiscite and Polish residents of Warmia had to renounce the hope of having their land incorporated into the Polish state. These events certainly shaped the Polish identity of F. Nowowiejski.

Migration of the poles to Slovakia after World War II

The article presents post-war migrations of the Poles to Slovakia, both during the period of existence of the Czechoslovakia and after the Velvet Revolution that led to the creation of independent Slovakia on January 1, 1993. The state has not too often been the direction of Polish emigration. The Poles in Slovakia constitute a sparse and highly dispersed population. The results of the 2011 census showed that only 3,084 people claimed to be of Polish nationality. The decision to settle in Slovakia quite frequently stems from the fact of finding a spouse of Slovak nationality in this country. As a result, the descendants of Polish citizens coming to Slovakia are brought up in bicultural, Polish-Slovak families.

Rola piłki nożnej w niewoli niemieckich obozów koncentracyjnych na podstawie wspomnień Polaków

The purpose of this paper is to present what was the role of football in the Nazi German concentration camps of the Third Reich from the perspective of prisoners of Polish nationality. Football, as one of the most popular sports, was very important subject and activity for Poles who were imprisoned in the concentration camps of the Nazi Germany, despite inhuman conditions in which they lived. Based especially on memories of former prisoners we can conclude that football helped them to survive the difficulties of everyday life. The time of the football match was a substitute of normal life, which some of the prisoners remembered from the time before the Second World War and gave them a feeling of hope, freedom and justice by treating everyone equally. The football was used also for entertainment and propaganda purposes by the camp authorities.

The Role of National Minorities in the Polish Armed Forces During the September 1939 Campaign

The article covers the issues of participation in the September 1939 campaign of representatives of national minorities who served at that time in the Polish Army. Also made an attempt to unbiased consideration of the problem. The authors paid attention to the issue of the number of members of national minorities in the Polish Army on the eve of the Second World War, as well as analyzed the attitude of this category of soldiers to fulfilling their military duty, in particular, based on the memoirs of participants in the events of that time. Also raised is the issue of cases of desertion from Polish armed forces members of national minorities during the September campaign. Unfortunately, the exact number of national minority soldiers who participated in the September 1939 campaign is very difficult to determine, since many documents from the period of the September campaign were destroyed, while during the war a part of the them went to the German and Soviet archives, where most of them were lost. On the basis of preserved materials, one can only say that the attitude of representatives of national minorities – Ukrainians, Belarusians, Germans or Jews, dressed in Polish forms in September 1939 – is somewhat different. Often, they selflessly fought, but there were cases of desertion, however, for the sake of justice, it should be noted that the practice of desertion in the early days of the war was also inherent in representatives of Polish nationality. On the basis of the material under study, have made sufficiently substantiated generalizations and conclusions regarding key aspects related to the participation of representatives of national minorities who served in the Polish Army in the September 1939 campaign. It is irrefutable that from the very first days of the war ordinary soldiers who came from national minorities, as well as Ukrainian contract officers began to defend the Polish state, and until the end continued to bravely and courageously fight the enemy, often at the cost of their own lives.

Mild phenotype of glutaric aciduria type 1 in polish patients \u2013 novel data from a group of 13 cases

Glutaric aciduria type 1 is a neurometabolic disorder, caused by riboflavin-dependent glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. As its consequence, accumulation of the putatively neurotoxic metabolites (glutaric and 3-hydroxyglutaric acids) in body tissues, but especially within the brain, is observed. Estimated incidence of the disease is 1 in 110,000 newborns, The prevalence however may be higher, depending on a specific ethnic group, and result in phenotypic variation as well. In this paper we present clinical data of 13 patients of Polish nationality. They all present a mild phenotype and clinical course of glutaric aciduria type 1. Based on their clinical data, presented herein, we like to pay attention to the phenotypic and neuroimaging features important for the diagnosis of mild form of this disease. Moreover, we present novel molecular data, which may correlate with such a manifestation.

БОЙОВІ ДІЇ 10-Ї ПІХОТНОЇ ДИВІЗІЇ НІМЕЧЧИНИ НА ЗАХІДНОМУ ФРОНТІ ПІД ЧАС ПЕРШОЇ СВІТОВОЇ ВІЙНИ У 1918 РОЦІ

This paper presents combat actions of German 10th Infantry Division of 5th Army Corps in 1918 on the Western Front of World War I - the Second Battle of Marne, battles between the Meuse River and the Moselle River (the battle of the Salient Saint-Mihel) and the operations in the Champagne region and by the Meuse River (Meuse-Argonne Offensive). The analysis of available sources and subject literature has allowed a recreation of 10th Infantry Division’s combat route organizational changes which took place during the war, the role of the division in respective battles, and the losses suffered by regiments, including soldiers of Polish nationality which is only partially recorded.

Środowisko inteligencji radykalnej na przełomie XIX i XX wieku. Próba portretu

XIX-wieczni uczestnicy polskiego ruchu socjalistycznego wyraźnie podkreślali, że został on zbudowany przez inteligencję. We wspomnieniach polskich socjalistów odnajdziemy charakterystykę typów polskiej inteligencji, która przystąpiła do socjalizmu. Odnajdziemy również motywy wyboru radykalnej drogi ideowej.Próba charakterystyki środowiska radykalnej inteligencji, którą łączyły poglądy lewicowe, zawiera pytania o tożsamość, patriotyzm, stosunek do socjalizmu, niepodległości i polskości. Ważny jest również stosunek do lewicowości i trwałość związków z socjalizmem, bowiem odchodzenie od lewicowych zasad, poszukiwanie nowych dróg ideowych, było typowe dla „pokolenia niepokornych”, którzy często młodzieńcze ideały zamieniali na inne postawy i poglądy. Badania biografii lewicowych działaczy politycznych, społeczników, uczonych, ukazują sylwetki ludzi wybitnych, ideowych, zaangażowanych na bardzo szeroką skalę w pracę na rzecz danej warstwy społecznej czy lokalnej wspólnoty. W grupie radykalnej inteligencji, zorientowanej lewicowo odnajdujemy wybitnych uczonych, intelektualistów, którzy pracę polityczną łączyli z realizacją misji społecznej. Prowadzili często szeroko zakrojoną działalność oświatową, byli popularyzatorami wiedzy z różnych dziedzin. Próba skreślenia portretu socjologicznego środowiska radykalnej inteligencji, ma na celu ukazanie złożoności biografii przedstawicieli tego pokolenia. Ma stanowić próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie co było spoiwem tego pokolenia, jaki był klucz ideowy, który łączył radykalną, socjalistyczną, postępową inteligencję polską.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ І БОЙОВІ ДІЇ НІМЕЦЬКОЇ 10-Ї ПІХОТНОЇ ДИВІЗІЇ НА ЗАХІДНОМУ ФРОНТІ ПЕРШОЇ СВІТОВОЇ ВІЙНИ (1916 – 1917)

This paper presents organization and combat actions of German 10th Infantry Division of 5th Army Corps on the Western Front of World War I (1916-1917) in the battles: Verdun, Aisne, Champagne region and Laon. The service of Poles in the German army and the German-Polish brotherhood are still somewhat of an inconvenient truth. However, many textual sources regarding the 10th Infantry Division of the 5th Army Corps indicate that this indeed took place. The analysis of available sources and subject literature has allowed a recreation of the 10th Infantry Division’s organizational changes which took place during the war, the role of the division in respective battles, and the losses suffered by regiments, including soldiers of Polish nationality which were only partially trained.

Foreign children in foster care (on the example of Bialskie region)

This publication concerns refugee children who are not adequately cared for by adults and come to foster care in Poland. "Unaccompanied foreign child" means a child who does not have Polish nationality and is without a statutory representative, i.e. a parent or a guardian. The publication contains information obtained through interviews conducted with three educators who are long-term employees of care and educational institutions in the Bialskie region. The subject of interest was the situation of unaccompanied minors coming to care and education institutions. The analyses included family situation of these children (along with the status of their parents), length of their stay in foster care, types of emerging educational and upbringing difficulties and the possibility of implementing intercultural education in a care and education institution.

Polityka narodowościowa na Śląsku Opolskim w latach 1945–1960. Założenia – stan badań – fazy

W artykule zostały przybliżone trzy elementy związane z polską polityką narodowościową na Śląsku Opolskim (rozumianym jako była niemiecka rejencja opolska) w latach 1945–1960. W pierwszej części skoncentrowano się na prezentacji polskich założeń ideologicznych i politycznych, które wypływały z idei Polski piastowskiej, głoszącej odwieczną przynależność tych ziem do Polski, oraz opierały się na przekonaniu o polskim charakterze ludności rodzimej i braku skutków oddziaływania niemieckiego na tę grupę. W drugiej części zanalizowano stan badań nad tą problematyką w Polsce i Niemczech, podkreślając ich wrażliwość na politykę historyczną (szczególnie w okresie Polski Ludowej), a także na pamięć różnych zbiorowości (po 1989 r. obszary badawcze znalazły się pod presją pamięci regionalnych). W ostatniej części tekst przybliża podstawowe fazy polityki polskiej wobec grupy rodzimej, podkreślając znaczenie cezury przełomu 1949–1950 r., kiedy do gry politycznej wróciły dwa państwa niemieckie, co zdecydowanie ograniczyło możliwości polskiej polityki narodowej wobec tej grupy.

Stopped in flight: Shanghai and the Polish Jewish refugees of 1941

ABSTRACT The arrival of about 1000 Polish Jews in Shanghai in 1941 has remained one of the footnotes of the Holocaust, even though most survived the War, unexpectedly trapped in the city. This article argues that, expecting to transit Shanghai, unlike the German and Austrian Jewish refugees from 1938 and 1939 who had settled as ‘stateless’ under Japanese authority, they formed a community defined by both their religion and nationality. The article examines the key elements of the community, their religious cultures, their class backgrounds, and their politics. These factors contributed to their contentious relations with the Shanghai Municipal Council, the Japanese military and civil authorities both before and after Pearl Harbor, the international Jewish community, and the other much larger refugee groups from Germany and Austria. Their Polish nationality remained in tension with their Jewish identities, though institutional support for both these dimensions were crucial in facilitating their survival. Drawing on archival material not previously available to the scholars of the late twentieth century, the article challenges contentions that the community was not helped by Polish authorities.

Kraj znany a państwo jeszcze nie. Rozważania o geografii wolnej Polski na łamach periodyków geograficznych II RP

Despite the partitions of Poland, the geography of the Polish territories was the object of studies carried out by Polish geographers, particularly in the latter half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. When in the years 1918-1923 the Polish state was rebuilt and its internationally recognised borders were formed, and physical geography of these lands had already been worked out in a rather thorough and up-to-date way. Th e geographers, historians, politicians and the administrative elite were confronted with the need to define the role of the Polish state and its place as a real political being and entity which its inhabitants would be conscious of. In response to this need a lively discussion was conducted in Polish geographical magazines of the interwar period. It was even more important since Polish authorities as well as the scholarly and intelectual elite had to solve the problem of unifying the lands and their inhabitants within one political organism. And yet, after above one hundred years of non-existance as a state, there were numerous differences between the particular previously annexed territories and their inhabitants. At the same time, the Polish nationality was common for about 70% of the population in this multinational country. A successful and definite solution of the issue of the state-awareness among the inhabitants of Poland, which was considered to be an object of geography and geographers’ practice, was not easy to be found because of fierce political disputes. In terms of quality, a new situation was created by the political consequences of the coup d’etat by Jozef Pilsudski in 1926. Th e winning party, which ruled with a heavey hand, continuously needed to take into account the power of their political opponents. Discussions and disputes, propositions and manifestos published in the interwar period indicated that the contemporary political and scholarly elite, regardless of the ideological matters, was aware of the necessity to consolidate the social conviction of the existance of the independant Polish state.

Východolašská nářečí versus gwara zachodniocieszyńska, czyli dialektologiczna wojna o Zaolzie

Eastern Lachian Dialects vs. Western Lachian Dialects or the Dialectological Battle for the Zaolzie RegionThe article is devoted to the historical discussion which arose around the affiliation of the inhabitants of the Czech–Polish border area with the Czech or the Polish nationality and language. The bone of contention was the dialect used in the Czech part of the Cieszyn/Těšín region. Although the discussion was generally conducted in academic circles, it was also picked up on by the local press (i.e., the cultural monthly “Zwrot”). It concerned not only the interests of Czech (Czechoslovak) and Polish dialectology, but also posed existential questions for the Polish minority living in this part of former Czechoslovakia. The article describes the basic theses published in the 1950s–1970s. Engaged in the discussion were, among others, Adolf Kellner (who originated the debate with the publication of Východolašská nářečí I., II., ‘Eastern Lachian Dialects I., II.’ in 1946 and 1949 respectively), Jaromír Bělič, Arnošt Lamprecht, and, representing predominantly the attitudes of Polish dialectology, Karol Dejna. The polemics were marked by the Marxist ideology of the time, and the overall policy of the Czechoslovak state, which intent was to justify the affiliation of certain linguistic areas to Czechoslovakia.

Przypadek gente Rutheni, natione Poloni w Galicji

In this article, the author seeks to answer the question, since when the term gente Rutheni, natione Poloni was used in public space in Galicia. This is the starting point to search for the answer to the question of when the Ruthenians of Polish nationality in Galicia produced the idea defining their identity and worldview. The author tries to reveal when the Ruthenians of Polish nationality made an unsuccessful attempt to carry out their political demands, and how they were perceived in the Polish-Russian society of Galicia. Eventually gente Rutheni, natione Poloni disappeared in the historical process because they had not created an explicit ideology and had not developed a compact elite representing the group of Ruthenians of Polish nationality in the public space. Outstanding individuals from this group functioned within Galician society, but they were more of a tool (the subject) of the Polish policy, rather than an entity.

SPORT IN VOLYN IN THE YEARS 1921–1939. OUTLINE HISTORY

Introduction. The aim of this paper is to outline the history of sport in Volyn (the area of the Volhynian province in the period of the Second Polish Republic) in the years 1921–1939. The Volhynian province was established on 19 February 1921. As of April 1, 1939 its area covered 35,754 km2 and had a population of 2,085,600 people (as of 9 December 1931). The population of Polish nationality was 16,6 %, of Ukrainian nationality – 68,4 % , of Jewish nationality – 9,9 %, of German nationality – 2,3 %, of Czech nationality – 1,5 %, of Russian nationality – 1,1 %, the remaining nationalities – 0,2%. Townspeople of the province represented only 13,3 % of the population. The province consisted of the following counties: Dubno, Horochów, Kostopil, Kovel, Kremenets, Liuboml, Lutsk, Rivne, Sarny, Volodymyr and Zdolbuniv. The county of Sarny (formerly included in Polesia province) became a part of the Volhynian province in December 1930. Methods and Research Problems. As part of preparation of this study the following research methods have been used: analysis of historical sources, the method of synthesis and comparison. The following research areas have been put forward: What did the development of sport in Volyn in the years 1921–1939 look like? What conditions influenced the development of sport in the Volhynian province in the years 1921–1939? What clubs and associations were engaged in sports activity in Volyn in the years 1921–1939? As far as the research is concerned preliminary research into archive sources was conducted. The literature used has been the one taking into account the issues of contributions to the history of physical education and sport in Volhynian province in the years 1921–1939. Findings and Conclusions. The years 1921–1939 saw the development of sport in Volyn. The development of sports infrastructure as well as trainings of personnel for the purpose of physical education and sport could be observed. The sports structures established in Volyn – in the form of district sports associations and the operation of Provincial, County and Municipal Committees of Physical Education and Military Training (after 1927) were conducive to the development of this field of sports activity. A significant role in sports activity was played by sports, youth and social clubs and associations. Sport was practised by all nationality groups residing in the Volhynian province.