Polish Cultivars Research Articles

Different sowing dates and their effects on flax (Linum usitatissi-mum L.) growth, yield, and quality in rainfed sulaimany-kurdistan -Iraq.

The experiment was conducted at the Qlyasan, which was located in the governorate of Sulaimani-Kurdistan in the northeast of Iraq. An investigation was conducted during the 2022-2023 rabi season to assess the impact of planting dates on flax seed yield and oil content. It is required to precisely determine the design, whether it is a split-plot arrangement within a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was applied. Flax seeds were sown on three different dates: November 25th, December 10th, and December 25th", while the two cultivars Local and Thorshansity 72 (Polish cultivar) were planted. The characteristics studied in this research included plant height (cm), the number of branches/plant, number of capsules/plant, numbers of seeds/capsule,1000 seed weight (g), seed yield (kg ha-1), oil content (%).The results indicated that variation in sowing dates had a significant impact on all traits of flax cultivar. The results revealed that the first sowing date 25 November surpassed other sowing dates in all characters and produced the highest seed yield and oil content (1.575kg ha-1, 22.89%) respectively and the lowest seed yield and oil content obtained by the last sowing dates. Results showed significant differences among the flax cultivars. the Thorshansity 72 cultivar surpassed to the Local cultivar. Thorshansity 72 cultivar produced the maximum seed yield and oil content (1.520 kg ha-1, 23.03%). The interaction between the two factors under study significantly affected all characters except plant height. The highest seed yields and oil content were (1.637t/ha,24.67%) obtained by Thorsanisity72 cultivar, when sowing in 25 November. To summarize, initiating cultivation early in the season under cond0ucive environmental circumstances emerges as a viable tactic for flax production, leading to elevated yield and oil%.

Bread making quality parameters of some Ukrainian and Polish triticale cultivars

Grain, flour and bread quality parameters were investigated in one Polish and three Ukrainian triticale cultivars, selected as the most suitable for production of bread. The studies revealed large differences in some bread-making parameters. The farinographic parameters of the Ukrainian triticale cultivars were not worse than those of wheat, but the bread loaf volume was lower. The best triticale bread was obtained from the Polish cultivar Panteon, loaf volume and crumb porosity were the highest, in spite of weak results of the farinographic test. Reliability of parameters used for prediction of wheat bread quality in application to triticale is discussed. The laboratory baking is recommended for bakers, breeders and for cultivar testing as the safest method of the evaluation.

The effect of the extraction method on the antibacterial activity of white mulberry extracts

Introduction: The Polish cultivar of white mulberry (Morus alba L.) “Żółwińska wielkolistna” is a sourceof many bioactive substances with a wide spectrum of activities. The leaves of the plant are consideredto be a raw material richest in bioactive substances. The unique properties of the plant are primarily dueto polyphenols, in particular flavonoids, including: rutin, albanon, kuwanone, which make it possible touse white mulberry as an agent with a wide spectrum of activities, from anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic,antioxidant to antimicrobial. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the method of extracting substances fromdried white mulberry leaves on the antibacterial activity of the obtained extracts. Four extraction methodswere used to obtain the extracts, and then their antimicrobial activity against selected Gram-positive andGram-negative bacteria was determined. Methods: Mulberry leaves were collected in September 2021 from an ecological plantation located at theExperimental Station, Institute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants in Poznań – National ResearchInstitute in Pętkowo. Leaves were dried at 60C for 12 hours, then laboratory analyses were performed.The extraction was carried out by the following methods: 1.) carbon dioxide extraction, 2.) carbon dioxideextraction using a cosolvent, 3.) maceration with carbon dioxide extraction using a cosolvent, 4.) solventextraction. Then, the antimicrobial activity of the obtained extracts against selected strains of Grampositiveand Gram-negative bacteria was determined. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC(minimum bactericidal concentration) were determined. Results: As a result of the conducted research it was found that there are differences in the antibacterialactivites of extracts from dried white mulberry leaves depending on the extraction method used. Thehighest antibacterial activity both against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was shown by extractsobtained using a supercritical carbon dioxide extractor without the use of cosolventa, with more effectivegrowth-inhibiting and bactericidal effects observed against Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gramnegativebacteria. Conclusions: Extracts obtained from dried leaves of white mulberry (Morus alba L.) of the Polish variety“Żółwińska wielkolistna” have antibacterial properties. This leads to the possibility of using white mulberryin herbal medicine and pharmacology as an antimicrobial agent.

Proximate Analysis and Antioxidant Properties of Young Plants of Sinapis alba L. Depend on the Time of Harvest and Variety

White mustard plant (Sinapis alba L.) is an easy-to-grow species with low soil requirements and is often sown as a catch crop in Northern Europe to reduce nitrate leaching, especially during the winter. There are studies showing the high nutritional value of mustard seeds, which have a wide application, mainly in food production. Still little is known about the young shoots or plants of different cultivars of white mustard, although in Asian countries, eating them raw is quite common. The aim of the research was to determine the proximate composition, antioxidant activity and polyphenolic compound content in young green plants of the Polish cultivars of white mustard: Borowska (traditional, with a high content of erucic acid and glucosinolates), Bamberka (non-erucic with glucosinolates) and Warta (non-erucic with low glucosinolates content; double-improved). Young plants were harvested in three terms. The first harvest took place at the plover stadium and the next ones at 7-day intervals (31, 38 and 45 day after sowing). In freeze-dried plant material, proximate composition and antioxidant activity with the ABTS and FRAP methods, as well as phenolic compound content, were measured. The highest concentration of protein was measured in cultivars Warta and Borowska after 31 and 38 days of sowing. Harvest time and cultivar affected antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content in young mustard plants. Thirty-eight days after sowing, the examined cultivars of the young plants of mustard had the highest antioxidant activity and total polyphenolic compound content. Green young mustard plants have strong antioxidant properties at the basic level, they are classified as functional foods and are similar to other edible leafy plants such as celery, spinach and Brussels sprouts.

Effect of Planting Density and Row Spacing on the Yielding and Morphological Features of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of planting density and row spacing in pea on the plant growth, yield, structural seed yield components, and some plant indices in the central-and-northern part of Poland. Field experiments were performed in 2016–2019. The study involved a Polish pea cultivar, Batuta (semi-leafless). Three planting densities were applied (70, 90, and 110 seeds per 1 m2), with two row spacings (16 and 32 cm), in four replications on 20 m2 plots There was considerable pea sensitivity to precipitation deficit; in higher precipitation years, the seed yield was almost half higher than in the dry years. There was no recorded effect of planting density or the row spacing (except in 2019) on pea yield, and their variation in successive research years was nonsignificant. Similar conclusions also applied to the protein yield; however, its significantly highest value was recorded in the hottest vegetation period with the lowest total precipitation. The deteriorating precipitation conditions across the years were accompanied by a lower number of pods per plant, the number of seeds and their weight per pod, and 1000 seed weight. Moreover, those results were not significantly correlated with the factors under study except for the planting density in HI.

Nuclear DNA Content, Selected Morphological and Anatomical Traits of Narcissus Cultivars and Breeding Clones

The genus Narcissus belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae. This genus has been the subject of numerous cytological and cytometric studies and have shown enormous variation in terms of genome size, ploidy level, and even the basic chromosome number. The basic chromosome numbers are 5 or 7, but 10, 11, and 12 have been recorded as well. Most narcissus cultivars are euploid tetraploids. There are also numerous triploids. Some cultivars are aneuploid such as tetraploids or triploids, with missing chromosomes or possessing additional chromosomes. Due to their very complex parentage, cultivars have various numbers of chromosomes not found in the species. In this publication, we present a study on the genome size and assessment of the likely ploidy level of 38 cultivars and breeding clones of Narcissus in relation to their selected morphological traits and information on their parental forms. For the first time, 12 Polish cultivars and breeding clones of narcissus were the subject of such an evaluation. Perianth diameter, leaf length, and width were evaluated and rated with notes according to the descriptor of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. Stomatal density and stomata length were measured using light microscopy. Analysis of genome size was carried out using flow cytometry. For three selected genotypes, the chromosome number was counted. Our results lead to the general conclusion that the morphological traits studied and nuclear DNA content can be useful for determining the possible ploidy level of narcissi. The information on the origin and parental forms of narcissi can be helpful in determining the ploidy level of narcissi. However, clear confirmation of ploidy level requires verification of chromosome number and preferably karyotyping. The results obtained are a prelude to further studies.

Antioxidant properties of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) depending on its cultivar and fruit colouration

Due to its nutritional, health-promoting and taste-related values, new cultivars are introduced every year. The aim of the study was to assess the biological value of Polish and Bulgarian cultivars of pepper grown in moderate climate conditions and collected at different degrees of maturity. Ascorbic acid, carotenoids, polyphenols, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and antioxidant activity (DPPH) were determined in air-dried fruit. The investigation included five Polish cultivars: Roberta, Marta Polka, Etiuda, Trapez, and Cyklon and five Bulgarian cultivars: Bulgarski Ratung, Sivriya, Kurtovska Kapiya, Delikates, and Dzuliunska Shipka. Its design involved randomised sub-blocks, with three replications comprising nine plants each. The area of a single plot was 1.44 m<sup>2 </sup>(1.2 m × 1.2 m). The study confirmed the strong antioxidant properties of pepper grown in the field, without cover, and under temperate climate conditions. The vegetable is rich in vitamin C, polyphenols, carotenoids, chlorophyll pigments, and shows high antioxidant activity. However, the biological value of pepper is cultivar-dependent and is also determined by the fruit colouration degree. The coloured fruits are richer in vitamin C and carotenoids than the green ones, and when matured, they have greater antioxidant capacity. Green fruits contain more chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll than the coloured ones. The fruits of cv. Etiuda were the richest in vitamin C, of cv. Sivriya in polyphenols, of cv. Dzuliunska Shipka in carotenoids, and of cv. Trapez in total chlorophyll. Cv. Sivriya showed the strongest antioxidant properties.

Estimation of Stem-Solidness and Yield Components in Selected Spring Wheat Genotypes

Solid-stemmed wheat genotypes are better protected from damage caused by wheat stem sawfly (Cephus pygmaeus L.) larvae and at lower risk of lodging, as they are additionally strengthened. The aim of the study was to analyse the stem-solidness of fifty spring wheat cultivars with pith. A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station Dłoń, Poland in the years 2012–2014. The method recommended by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) and the methodology described by DePauw and Read were used to analyse the stem-solidness. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the stems of the wheat cultivars differed in their, therefore, they were divided into seven classes. There were nine Polish cultivars, two genotypes from Canada (BW 597 and AC Elsa) and one Portuguese genotype (I 836) with hollow stems. There were only nine solid-stemmed cultivars. Both methodologies were used to assess the filling of the stem in the whole plant upon analysis of its filling at the cross-section of the first internode. Both methods gave the same results. The DePauw and Read methodology showed that the internodes in the lower part of the plants were filled to the greatest extent. The same genotypes collected in the consecutive years of the study differed in the filling of their stems with pith. These differences were influenced by the environmental conditions.

Susceptibility response of varieties and local populations of lupines to Bruchus rufimanus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility response of varieties and local populations of lupines to Bruchus rufimanus in multi-environment field tests. Seed damaged rate and susceptibility index were assessed in each environment and subjected to a heritability-adjusted genotype and genotype x environment biplot analysis. It was found that the susceptibility index of damaged seeds was positively related to precipitation amounts and humidity, and inversely to min and max temperatures. The seed damaged rate was positively related to temperatures but negatively to rain and humidity. The local polish population WAT and cultivars Pink Mutant, Solnechnii, and Bezimenii 1 had the lowest seed damaged rate and stable position across environments. Meanwhile, these cultivars showed a low susceptibility index and low variability. The discrepancy between the early phenological development of ‘Pink Mutant’, ‘Solnechnii’, and ‘Bezimenii 1’ and the life cycle of B. rufimanus was one of the reasons for manifested tolerance. Correlations between damaged seed and susceptibility index as well as the mass of 1000 seeds and sensitivity index were strongly positive and negative, respectively. ‘WAT’, ‘Pink Mutant’, ‘Solnechnii’, and ‘Bezimenii 1’ had a clear advantage in defending itself from B. rufimanus attack, which makes them particularly interesting for breeding purposes.

FAT AND TOCOPHEROL CONTENT IN THE SEEDS OF RED AMARANTH IN CONDITIONS OF DIVERSIFIED FERTILIZATION WITH MACROELEMENTS

The aim of the study was to determine the content of fat and tocopherols in the seeds of Polish cultivars of red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) – Rawa and Aztek – under the influence of varied macroelement fertilization in the environmental conditions of the Zamość region of south-eastern Poland. In a three-year field experiment (2013–2015) set up in a randomized split-plot design, red amaranth was grown as a test plant at wide row spacing, on good wheat complex soil, in south-eastern Poland (N – 50º71', E – 23º04'). The field experiment had three variables: the weather in the years of research; four combinations of NPK application and two cultivars of the test plant – Rawa and Aztek. The research showed that the factor that most influenced the content of crude fat in the amaranth seeds was the cultivar, followed by the combination of NPK fertilization. The amount of α-tocopherol and total tocopherol depended significantly on the genetic factor and the fertilization combination, while the amount of β-tocopherol was determined more by fertilization than by the cultivar. The content of γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol was dependent only on the cultivar.

Content of Phenolic Acids in the Grain of Selected Polish Triticale Cultivars and Its Products.

The triticale grain has high nutritive value and good technological suitability. Triticale flour can be a valuable raw material for bread-making. The aim of this work was to determine the profile of phenolic acids in triticale grain of selected Polish cultivars and its products. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-PDA-MS/MS) was applied for separation and identification of these constituents. The grain of the examined triticale cultivars contained 13 phenolic acids, of which ferulic acid was determined in the largest amount and was constituted from 42–44% of the total content of phenolic acids in the grain. In addition, due to the large amounts of ferulic, di-ferulic, and sinapic acids, composition of the phenolic acids fraction in triticale grain of the tested cultivars varied in comparison with that of wheat and rye cultivars. In triticale flour, the number of phenolic acids was nearly 4 times lower than in the grain, as phenolic acids were removed along with bran, in which their proportion was almost 9 times higher than in the grain intended for grinding. The application of bran in the bread recipe resulted in a 3.5-fold increase in the fraction of phenolic acids compared to the bread produced from triticale flour without bran addition.

Hypoglycaemic, antioxidative and phytochemical evaluation of Cornus mas varieties

Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) is a plant growing in Central and Eastern Europe. Its fruits are a rich source of anthocyanins, flavonoids and iridoids. Among the iridoids, loganic acid is the most prevalent. The study aimed to examine the relation between loganic acid content, antioxidant capacity and hypoglycaemic effect in vivo for three Polish cultivars of C. mas. All tested cultivars strongly inhibited α-glucosidase and had similar amounts of highly bioabsorbable loganic acid. The loganic acid content was similar for each cultivar tested, while the cultivars differed in content of flavonoids and anthocyanins. The highest antioxidant potential was observed in the fruits of cv. Szafer, and the highest α-glucosidase inhibitor was cv. P5. A statistical analysis has shown that hypoglycaemic properties are prevalently driven by anthocyanin content and the antioxidant capacity, especially ferric-reducing ability partially based on loganic acid.

Tensile strength of the rachilla in spikelets of Polish Festulolium braunii cultivars

The aim of this study was to evaluate the tensile strength of the rachilla in spikelets of Polish cultivars of Festulolium braunii (K. Rich.) A. Camus during seed development and maturation. The investigations were carried out in 2009 - 2010 at the Plant Breeding, Szelejewo, Poland. The inflorescences were randomly harvested in June - July from plant collection in maintenance breeding of three Polish cultivars (Agula, Felopa, and Sulino). Using a specifically developed testing machine, tensile strength of the rachilla of individual spikelets were determined. Regardless of the F. braunii cultivar, the tensile strength of the rachilla decreased through consecutive growth stages. The highest tensile strength of the rachilla was observed during the phase of kernel watery ripe stage (BBCH 71) - it ranged from 510.1 mN in 'Agula' to 592.0 mN in 'Felopa'. At the fully ripe phase (BBCH 89), the value of this trait ranged from 19.2 mN in 'Agula' to 45.0 mN in 'Felopa'. It was also observed that in all tested cultivars of F. braunii, the spikelets located in the lower part of the spike were characterised by the highest tensile strength of the rachilla, whereas those in the upper part were characterised by the lowest values of this trait. This means that the caryopses in the spikelets located at the lower part of the inflorescence were less susceptible to shedding. Seed shedding the Polish F. braunii cultivars, especially 'Agula' and 'Sulino', may start as early dough and soft dough phases. By contrast, seed shedding 'Felopa' is moved to the later phases of seed maturation.

FRUITING OF MELON (Cucumis melo L.) GROWN ORGANICALLY ON MULCHED SOIL

Growing melon under temperate climate conditions is quite risky due to the high climatic requirements of this species. Vegetable growers use plastic film mulches to heat soil, to reduce weed infestation, and to maintain optimal soil moisture content. The aim of our study was to determine the suitability of white and black plastic film for soil mulching in melon cultivation under temperate climate conditions. Plants of three Polish heterotic cultivars of melon (C. melo L. var. saccharinus Naud.): Emir F1, Junior F1, and Seledyn F1, as well as of the breeding line 61/2014 F1 were the subject of this study. Two soil mulching methods were applied: black polyethylene (PE) plastic film and white PE plastic film, using for this purpose double-sided whiteon-black PE plastic film. The use of black plastic contributed to a significant increase in marketable yield of melon fruits. The content of L-ascorbic acid and carotenoids in fruits of melon grown on white mulch proved to be higher than in those grown on black mulch. The Polish cultivars studied can be considered as tolerant to temperate climate conditions.

Introduction pages

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca (NBHA), Issue 2, Volume 48, 2020: The papers published in this issue Vol 48 No 2 (2020) represent new exciting researches in different topics of life science, respectively in plant science, horticulture, agronomy and crop science. Among the interesting articles we invite you to find news about Development of SCAR markers related to heat tolerance in Kentucky bluegrass; The molecular characterization of the coat protein sequence and differentiation of CMV- subgroup I on tobacco from native flora in Turkey; Genetic diversity of Polish cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based on molecular and protein markers; Somatic embryo induction and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of embryonic callus tissue in Phoebe bournei, an endangered woody species in Lauraceae; Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of red, rosé and white wines originating from Romanian grape cultivars etc. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca journal has moved to online-only publication at the start of 2017; beginning in 2019, the journal appears quarterly. The new Impact Factor communicated by ISI Clarivate, June 29, 2020, is IF 2019 = 1.168 (position 149 of 234 journals, Q3 in Plant Sciences). New metrics in Scopus – Elsevier (June 22, 2020): CiteScore 1.40 (#43/84 in Horticulture); SJR 0.35 - Q2, #41/90 in Horticulture (SJR Scimago Journal).

Genetic diversity of Polish cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based on molecular and protein markers

Knowledge of the composition subunits of proteins glutenins makes it much easier to determine the quality and suitability of the final product obtained from gluten. It is important to remember that not only molecular processes model gluten protein polymorphism. In this study, the genetic diversity of Polish common wheat cultivars was examined at the level of DNA and glutenin’s proteins HMW-GS. The SDS-PAGE and RAPD bands were evaluated in binary matrix, which was the basis for further analysis of results, using appropriate measures of variability: Q-Cochran test (Cochran, 1950), p < 0.05; I-Shannon index; Si-Similarity index; PIC-Polymorphism Information Content; (PCA-Principal component analysis). Both types of markers proved to be useful in the overall assessment of genetic variability between tested of common wheat cultivars. The general genetic diversity indicates that good candidates with unique composition of HMW-GS subunits were selected among the examined cultivars and three OPA-02, OPA-03, OPB-08 primers with the highest power differentiating for the studied genotypes were selected. Results of the research revealed the potentials of RAPD and SDS-PAGE technique in determining genetical diversity and make a suitable qualitative assessment of common wheat cultivars.

Селекционно-генетическая ценность генофонда тритикале из Польши

Проанализированы состояние, селекционные достижения по культуре тритикале из Польши, ее распространение, посевные площади, урожайность. В 2007 – 2009 гг. изучены 52 сорта озимой тритикале, в 2013 – 2016 гг. — 17 сортообразцов, в 2018 – 2019 гг. в Мсковской области испытаны 20 новых сортообразцов из Польши. Польские короткостебельные сорта Grenado Argento, Korvetto в условиях Московского и других регионов обладают комплексом хозяйственно-ценных признаков и свойств, поэтому их используют в селекционных программах научных центров России. В 2017 – 2019 гг. при изучении генофонда в Московской области выделены польские сорта Felo (k-4010), Hortence (k-4012), Preco/Kill/Rex/Aos/Rex, имеющие умеренно короткий стебель (95 – 110 см), повышенную устойчивость к зимним стрессам (7 – 9 баллов), снежной плесени (5 – 7 баллов) и бурой ржавчине (9 баллов), а также крупный, хорошо озерненный колос (56 – 59 семянок) с массой зерна в колосе 2,8 – 3,1 г, 1000 зерен — 50 – 52 г, зерна с 1 м2 — 860 – 890 г. Всего в 2007 – 2018 гг. по комплексу показателей изучено более 100 польских сортообразцов, наиболее ценные из них использовали при выведении новых, более совершенных линий и сортов тритикале. Создан с внесением в Госреестр высокопродуктивный (свыше 10 т/га зерна) сорт озимой тритикале Капелла. Исходным материалом для его получения методом экологического мутагенеза явился сортообразец яровой тритикале из Польши (k-2045), обладающий комплексом ценных показателей.

Macro- and micronutrient content in selected cultivars of Capsicum annuum L. depending on fruit coloration

Capsicum annuum L. belongs to the Solanaceae family and is a species of huge economic importance and high nutritional value. A study conducted in the years 2014–2015 at the Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, assessed the content of macro- and micronutrients in the fruit of selected Polish and Bulgarian cultivars of pepper collected at different stages of coloration development. The investigation included five Polish cultivars: Roberta, Marta Polka, Etiuda, Trapez and Cyklon and five Bulgarian cultivars: Bulgarski Ratung, Sivriya, Kurtovska Kapiya, Delikates and Dzuliunska Shipka. The study demonstrated a significant effect of cultivar and a degree of fruit coloration on the content of dry matter and macro- and micronutrients. The coloured fruits featured higher content of dry matter than the green ones and cv. Etiuda had the greatest dry matter. Green fruits contained more Mg, Mn and Zn, while the coloured ones more Ca and Fe. Cvs. Delikates and Dzuliunska Shipka were particularly rich in Mg and K, cv. Sivriya in Ca and cv. Etiuda in P, Cu, Zn and Mn were the most abundant in cv. Delikates, Fe in cv. Trapez, and Na in cv. Cyklon.

Photosynthetic activity of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) exposed to thermal stress

The aim of the work was to investigate thermal stress effect on photosynthetic activity of common buckwheat. Seedlings of common buckwheat were exposed to 20°C (control) and 30°C (thermal stress). The research involved the Polish cultivar 'Panda' and strain PA15 and determined kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence (Chlf), leaf gas exchange, soluble carbohydrate (SC) content in donor leaves, electrolyte leakage as a parameter of cell membrane permeability, and amount of abscisic acid and jasmonates. In 'Panda' and PA15 plants grown at 30°C, most of Chlf parameters improved. 'Panda' plants grown at 30°C demonstrated a higher increase in net photosynthetic rate, lower transpiration rate, and smaller SC reduction than those of PA15 strain. At this temperature, 'Panda' leaves accumulated greater amounts of jasmonates than that of the control. We concluded that studied genotypes demonstrated disparate responses to thermal stress, but for both, 30°C is more favourable temperature for vegetative growth than 20°C.

北海道とポーランドのダイズ品種を由来とする有望系統「十育273号」の開花期耐冷性

北海道とポーランドのダイズ品種を由来とする有望系統「十育273号」の開花期耐冷性