Polish Airports Research Articles

Customer transport preferences in services offered by the regional Olsztyn-Mazury airport in Szymany

The aim of the study was to research, analyse and evaluate preferences concerning the services offered by the Regional Olsztyn-Mazury Airport in Szymany. A questionnaire was used as the research tool. The researched groups were students and employees of the Faculty of Economics of Warminsko-Mazurski University in Olsztyn. Number of 1,136 people, accounting for 38.77% of the student body and employees, responded. Thus they were statistically representative. The theoretical part of the paper discusses air transport in Poland. Definitions and features of the air transport market are presented, as are the relationship between supply and demand for passenger transport services. Information about Polish airports is presented along with development trends of the airports and the role of the regional airports. The empirical section presents the characteristics of Regional Olsztyn-Mazury Airport in Szymany. Questionnaire respondents were described by gender, age, occupation and income. The preferences of the interviewees concerning transport services offered by the airport are presented. The research shows that a significant numer of respondents would be unwilling to use the services, though there are factors that could encourage them (lower prices and more services). The article also examines demand for a list of frequently visited destinations, the reasons for travelling, and the need to adjust transport services to demand.

Implementation of Satellite Techniques in the Air Transport

Abstract The article shows process of the implementation satellite systems in Polish aviation which contributed to accomplishment Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) concept. Since 1991 authors have introduced Satellite Navigation Equipment in Polish Air Forces. The studies and researches provide to the Polish Air Force alternative approaches, modernize their navigation and landing systems and achieve compatibility with systems of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Acquired experience, conducted military tests and obtained results enabled to take up work scientifically - research in the environment of the civil aviation. Therefore in 2008 there has been launched cooperation with Polish Air Navigation Services Agency (PANSA). Thanks to cooperation, there have been compiled and fulfilled three fundamental international projects: EGNOS APV MIELEC (EGNOS Introduction in European Eastern Region - APV Mielec), HEDGE (Helicopters Deploy GNSS in Europe), SHERPA (Support ad-Hoc to Eastern Region Pre-operational in GNSS). The successful completion of these projects enabled implementation 21 procedures of the RNAV GNSS final approach at Polish airports, contributing to the implementation of PBN in Poland as well as ICAO resolution A37-11. Results of conducted research which served for the implementation of satellite techniques in the air transport constitute the meaning of this material.

Integrated framework for robustness analysis using ratio-based efficiency model with application to evaluation of Polish airports

We consider a problem of evaluating efficiency of Decision Making Units (DMUs) based on their deterministic performance on multiple consumed inputs and multiple produced outputs. We apply a ratio-based efficiency measure, and account for the Decision Maker׳s preference information representable with linear constraints involving input/output weights. We analyze the set of all feasible weights to answer various robustness concerns by deriving: (1) extreme efficiency scores and (2) extreme efficiency ranks for each DMU, (3) possible and necessary efficiency preference relations for pairs of DMUs, (4) efficiency distribution, (5) efficiency rank acceptability indices, and (6) pairwise efficiency outranking indices. The proposed hybrid approach combines and extends previous results from Ratio-based Efficiency Analysis and the SMAA-D method. The practical managerial implications are derived from the complementary character of accounted perspectives on DMUs׳ efficiencies. We present an innovative open-source software implementing an integrated framework for robustness analysis using a ratio-based efficiency model on the diviz platform. The proposed approach is applied to a real-world problem of evaluating efficiency of Polish airports. We consider four inputs related to the capacities of a terminal, runways, and an apron, and to the airport׳s catchment area, and two outputs concerning passenger traffic and number of aircraft movements. We present how the results can be affected by integrating the weight constraints and eliminating outlier DMUs.

Development Policy of Warsaw Chopin Airport in the Light of the European Funds for 2014–2020

In 2014, Poland celebrated the 10th anniversary of the access to the European Union. At present, air traffic has been increasing since 2004, when the open sky policy was introduced. Unfortunately, the dynamics of year to year growth is getting lower. In 2014 Polish airports operated more than 25 million passengers. Polish Civil Aviation Authority forecasts the growth of air traffic by 2020. It is possible to predict that in 2020 in Poland 38 over million passengers will be traveling by plane. The flight operations and the rate of population mobility will increase. Polish government as well as local authorities and regions have to prepare a strategy of air transport development. This strategy should be realized for the central airport in Warsaw, major regional airports, small regional airports, and local and business aviation. The main aim of this paper is to identify opportunities for Polish airports in the new perspective of European funds for 2014–2020. The main problems of the issue will be presented from various points of view. The first problem focuses on the development of Polish air transport area. Moreover, the paper concentrates on the availability of European funds for air transport. Finally, the paper presents the analysis of selected investments in air transport area: infrastructure, capital and operations. These investments and regional strategies as well as individual programs and the concept of Central airports for Poland will be determining the model of the Polish air transport system until 2020.In the paper, I conducted the detailed research about the development with the management of Warsaw Chopin Airport.

Statistical analysis of passenger traffic at the Chopin Airport

In the article, the selected directions of passenger traffic at the largest Polish airport, Frederic Chopin Airport located in Warsaw, are presented. Statistical analysis has been used to present the main routes of movement of people and showing the trends of changes. It was observed that in order to obtain more accurate analysis, different trends per month have to be taken into account, because of the popularity of the number of passengers which will affect the character of the place: tourist, business or business-tourism.

EFFICIENCY CHANGE IN REGIONAL AIRPORTS DURING MARKET LIBERALIZATION

The main purpose of this article is to measure the DEA efficiency scores of 4 Polish airports before and after market liberalization in comparison to the reference group that comprised 11 German airports in order to determine the impact of EU accession on their performance. In May 2004 Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and seven other countries joined the structures of the European. Since that date their airspaces has being covered by the Open Skies agreements which meant deregulation of their air transport markets. Results published in this article suggest that joining the EU had a positive impact on the financial efficiency of airports and had no impact on their technical efficiency.

Toxicity and chemical analyses of airport runoff waters in Poland

The aim of this study was to assess the ecotoxicological effects of various compounds in complex airport effluents using a chemical and ecotoxicological integrated strategy. The present work deals with the determination of sum of PCBs, PAHs, pesticides, cations, anions, phenols, anionic, cationic, non-ionic detergents, formaldehyde and metals--as well as TOC and conductivity--in runoff water samples collected from 2009 to 2011 at several locations on two Polish international airports. Two microbiotests (Vibrio fischeri bacteria and the crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus) have been used to determine the ecotoxicity of airport runoff waters. The levels of many compounds exceeded several or even several tens of times the maximum permissible levels. Analysis of the obtained data shows that samples that displayed maximum toxicity towards the bioindicators Vibrio fischeri were not toxic towards Thamnocephalus platyurus. Levels of toxicity towards T. platyurus are strongly correlated with pollutants that originate from the technological operations related to the maintenance of airport infrastructure. The integrated (chemical-ecotoxicological) approach to environmental contamination assessment in and around airports yields extensive information on the quality of the environment. These methodologies can be then used as tools for tracking the environmental fate of these compounds and for assessing the environmental effect of airports. Subsequently, these data will provide a basis for airport infrastructure management.

Tourism in Poland following EU entry

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine how tourism developed in Poland following EU entry. A particularly large increase in local government spending on tourism and foreign tourist expenditures have been observed for the study period in Poland. An increase in passenger volume at Polish airports has also been observed. Among the many factors influencing the situation in the domestic tourism market, regulations relating to EU entry and the inflow of grants from the EU were of leading importance. At the same time, Poland’s entry into the EU may accelerate some change processes, the effects of which may be observed in the future.

Statistical Forecasting of the Indicators of Polish Airport’s Operations

Abstract From the perspective of airport management the knowledge of short-term future airport operation levels is a crucial part of the planning process. In this paper we evaluate the forecasting abilities of exponential smoothing (ETS) and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models applied to the monthly time series of cargo transport, aircraft complete operations and passenger flows generated by selected Polish regional airports.

Changing accessibility of Polish airports on the course of demographic and economic demand

Changing accessibility of Polish airports on the course of demographic and economic demand

Economic Benefits of Market Liberalization. Evidence from Air Transport in Poland

This paper focuses on economic effects that are a consequence of air transport liberalization in Poland after accession to European Union. Scenario analysis was built to estimate the impact of changes on the international aviation market, including passenger traffic, airport revenues and employment. The analysis is estimated on and applied to Polish market in the time period before and after market deregulation in 2004. Enabling airlines to open new routes and to offer services at lower prices results in vigorous development of number of flights. The passenger traffic at Polish airports in 2009 was of 18,9 million which means more than a double increase when compared to 2003 (7,1 million). Increased number of flights affects local economy. Removing restriction on access to air transport market has created additional PLN 0,96 billion (or EUR 0,24 billion) of main airports sales revenue in Poland over 2004-2008 time period. The passenger traffic has created more than 19 thousand jobs located on-site and off-site at main Poland’s airports in 2008. One can assume that if not for the market policy change and the air traffic vigorous development, the total direct employment number in 2008 would be twice as small. Submitted: May, 2010 1st revision: May, 2010 Accepted: July, 2010

Europejskie połączenia lotnicze głównych regionów turystycznych Azji Południowo-Wschodniej

Transport plays a key role in satisfying the needs associated with tourist activity, both in regard to actually reaching one’s destination as well as in regard to local transport in the area visited. East Asia and the Pacific is the most dynamically developing market of inbound tourism in the world. Between 2000–2008, international tourist arrivals increased by 67.2% (74 mln). The sub­region of Southeast Asia was visited by 70.9% (36.1 mln) more tourists than 8 years before. Malaysia is the most frequently visited country in the region, with 22.1 mln international arrivals in 2008, compared to 14.6 mln in Thailand and 7.8 mln in Singapore. Thailand has the largest influx of tourists followed by Malaysia. It is predicted that the importance of tourism in the region will continue to grow in the future. The percentage of international tourist arrivals to East Asia and the Pacific will have increased to 25% by 2020. The key factor in the region is its accessibility as regards transport links, a factor which explains the rapid development of its airports, including the largest ones of Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. The present flight schedule (winter season 2009) has 338 connections between those cities and Europe, mostly from Bangkok (177). Singapore has 113 connections weekly with Europe while Kuala Lumpur only 48. None of these airports has regular connections with Polish airports except charter flights operated by Air Italy from Warsaw to Bangkok and connections under code share agreements.

Impact of Privatization on Airport Performance: Analysis of Polish and British Airports

This paper surveys the changes in ownership patterns and profitability at British and Polish airports. The analysis is intended to compare the financial effectiveness of the main British airports before and after their privatization and to use the British experience as a benchmark when considering the effectiveness and aims of selling Polish airports. The analysis covers year 1986 and 2005 in UK and period 2000-2007 in Poland. The efficiency is measured in terms of the earnings generated by each passenger using EBITDA (Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization). The main aim of the paper is to present different ways of privatisation and to verify the efficiency of the British model. Results of the analysis are intended for establishing some policy considerations and to analyze some possible implications which could arise from a future privatization of the Polish airport system.