Policy Stream Model Research Articles

The development of a national HIV Plan in Belgium: Achieving consensus despite institutional complexity

BackgroundThe development of a national HIV Plan poses serious challenges to countries with a complex distribution of legal powers such as Belgium. This article explores how the Belgian national HIV Plan 2014–2019 was developed. MethodsApplying the policy streams model of John Kingdon, the analysis of the HIV Plan development process was based on published government statements, parliamentary documents, and websites of stakeholders. ResultsThe Federal Ministry of Health initiative to achieve the HIV Plan was characterized by a coordinating role with a participatory approach towards the other Belgian governments and stakeholders. The 2013 protocol agreement of the Belgian governments committed them to principles, actions, and cooperation, but not to budgets, priorities, or target figures. DiscussionThe Federal government followed a successful strategy to create momentum and commitment to a common national vision on HIV/AIDS. The window of opportunity was not sufficient to create an implementation plan prior to the 2014 elections, and major challenges were left to the subsequent governments, including financing. ConclusionThe country of Belgium represents an example of a consensus strategy to achieve a national HIV Plan with its achievements and limits within institutional complexity and limited Federal legal powers.

Analyses and Implications of Policy Making Process Involved in Expanding Korea Air Defense Identification Zone (KADIZ) : In the perspective of Policy Stream Model by JW Kingdon

Analyses and Implications of Policy Making Process Involved in Expanding Korea Air Defense Identification Zone (KADIZ) : In the perspective of Policy Stream Model by JW Kingdon

The Innovation of China Population Policy: Focused on Policy Stream Model

The Innovation of China Population Policy: Focused on Policy Stream Model

A Study on the Conflict Structure of the Hebei Spirit's Oil Leakage Accidents: Focusing on Kingdon's Policy Stream Model

A Study on the Conflict Structure of the Hebei Spirit's Oil Leakage Accidents: Focusing on Kingdon's Policy Stream Model

경기도사이버도서관 설립의 정책형성과정 분석: 킹던의 정책흐름모형을 중심으로

본 연구에서는 개관 이래 지난 10여 년간 경기도 내 공공도서관의 발전의 중심 역할을 담당해 온 경기도사이버도서관 설립을 위한 의제설정 및 정책형성과정을 킹던(Kingdon)의 정책흐름모형을 적용하여 분석하였다. 킹던에 의하면 정책 형성은 문제의 흐름, 정책대안의 흐름 그리고 정치 흐름의 결합의 결과이며, 세 흐름이 결합될 때 열린 정책의 창을 통해 정책이슈가 정책의제로 나아간다. 이 때 정책선도자는 정책의 창에서 선호하는 대안을 제시하고 그것이 정책의 창을 통과하도록 노력한다. 본 연구에서는 경기도사이버도서관 정책의 의제설정과 대안의 선택 과정에서 문제의 흐름, 정치의 흐름, 그리고 정책의 흐름을 분석하고 정책의 창에서 정책선도자로서의 사서전문가집단이 어떤 역할을 했는지 분석하였다. 이러한 분석을 통해 정책형성과정의 메커니즘을 밝힘으로써 사서전문가집단이 앞으로의 도서관 정책형성과정에서 적용할 수 있는 시사점을 제시하였다.

Where Politics Is a Blood Sport

The 1991 restructuring of Massachusetts system of higher education is explained and analyzed using McLendon’s “Policy Stream Model of Decentralization Agenda Setting,” a revised Garbage Can model, which proves useful insofar as the case is placed in its historical context. Public higher education in Massachusetts has suffered as a “second class” citizen next to its prominent private counterparts and is often subject to the whims of politicians. The 1991 restructuring can be explained by public higher education’s historical relationship with Massachusetts’ state government and the political environment of the late 1980s and early 1990s. The 1991 restructuring is an intrinsically interesting historical case of governance reform given its political nature, the scope of the reform, and the possible lessons that can be gleaned from it that may inform our understanding of agenda setting for higher education governance reform and governance reform in general.

A Study on the Factor and Process of National Defence Military Service Policy Change -With Focus on the Kingdon's Policy Stream Model-

A Study on the Factor and Process of National Defence Military Service Policy Change -With Focus on the Kingdon's Policy Stream Model-

Energy Price Regulation in India: The Case of Natural Gas Sector

Energy price regulation is an important policy issue in the context of any developing nation, including India. The prices are controlled by the government, and these pricing mechanisms have resulted in distorted market structure. It is believed that the existing pricing policy for Natural Gas in India has constrained the growth of natural gas market in India, leading to a large unmet demand, primarily from the heavily subsidized power and fertilizer sector. This paper is an attempt to analyze the policy issue of natural gas pricing in India, using Kingdon’s Multiple Policy Stream Model. According to this multiple streams approach, the developments in the policy making process can be explained by the efforts of policy entrepreneurs to successful capitalize on the occasional “policy windows” by coupling elements in three different streams: problems, policies, and politics (Kingdon, 2003). The paper focuses on the developments in gas pricing policy in India, identifying the problem, policy, and political streams, and the ways in which key political entrepreneurs have coupled the streams at critical times is past, thereby illustrating the possibility of a current opportunity for taking a regulatory initiative on natural gas pricing.

The Puzzle of the Diffusion of Central‐Bank Independence Reforms: Insights from an Agent‐Based Simulation

The emergence of an ever‐widening sphere of global public policy is a new reality in a world characterized by the blurring of boundaries between the national and the global; by flows of ideas, people, and commodities; and by new global risks and opportunities. In this context, this article explores the empirical puzzle of the sudden outbreak of reforms leading to central‐bank independence. How can we best understand the outbreak of reforms in the 1990s? It is suggested here that the reforms were diffused in a contagious and uncoordinated manner in a global policy process that may best be captured by Kingdon's policy stream model. We develop an agent‐based model to evaluate the effects of three little‐explored aspects of the diffusion process. These are (i) the likelihood of the outbreak of reform, (ii) the rate of adoption of the reform, and (iii) the time to outbreak. We find that the likelihood of outbreak depends on the saliency of a problem, in conjunction with the length of time that a problem has been on the public agenda. We also find that an increase in the size of the environment surveyed before a decision is made increases the rate of adoption but also the time to outbreak. The more global the information available for agents, the longer is the time to outbreak, but outbreaks unfold much faster.

The Rise of the Community-Based Participatory Research Initiative at the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences: An Historical Analysis Using the Policy Streams Model

The Rise of the Community-Based Participatory Research Initiative at the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences:An Historical Analysis Using the Policy Streams Model Holly C. Felix, PhD, MPA Purpose • To develop the historical record of the policy that launched the community-based participatory research (CPBR) initiative at the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). As part of this process, to identify specific factors and events that led to the introduction of that new policy. Recommendations for Policy and Practice • People with an interest in advocating policies supportive of CBPR (or any other initiative) should understand the three major components of the policy process. These include (1) the three streams (the political, policy and problem streams), (2) the policy window, and (3) the role of the policy entrepreneur. • Policy entrepreneurs, those who use their own resources to advocate a policy, need to be alert for opportunities to take advantage of open policy windows when they emerge. Such readiness will help them increase their chances of advancing their policy ideas. How Findings Support Recommendations • Observed Effects on Community/Policy • This analysis indicates that public awareness of a given problem coupled with changes in political leadership and/or mood exert major forces in determining whether or not a policy option captures the attention and support of policy makers. The paper provides a detailed example of how such forces converged during the mid 1990s, allowing the NIEHS to become the first of the National Institutes of Health to establish a CBPR grant program. • This analysis also discusses (and provides an example of) the importance of a policy entrepreneur to advocate for a particular policy when the opportunity arises. • Knowledge Added • This case study shows that certain components of the policy-making process that have been observed often in the legislative arena also play a routine part as actors within other governmental organizations formulate new policies. • This study provides the historical record of the factors and events leading to the development of the CBPR Initiative at NIEHS. Prior to this study's publication, the academic literature had lacked this record. Holly C. Felix University of Arkansas for Medical Science Copyright © 2007 The Johns Hopkins University Press

The Rise of the Community-Based Participatory Research Initiative at the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences: An Historical Analysis Using the Policy Streams Model

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is an approach to research that seeks equitable and collaborative involvement of community members and researchers in all aspects of the research process. It has moved slowly into the areas of health and public health research. In 1995, the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) launched the first research initiative at NIH specifying the use of the CBPR approach. The purpose of this paper is to provide the historical record and to identify factors and events that led to the development of the policy creating the CBPR initiative at NIEHS. The study used Kingdon's policy streams model as an analysis framework. The policy streams model explains that policies are developed when three "streams" (problem, policy and political) come together at a point called the policy window. Information collected from key informant interviews and document analyses were coded to the components of the policy streams model. The study documented factors and events in each of the three streams of the model. All these occurred about the same time to bring together the three streams, causing the opening of a policy window. This analysis demonstrates an importance of problem awareness and changes in leadership positions or ideology/mood to bring a policy option to the attention of policymakers, and the importance of a policy entrepreneur to advocate for a particular policy when the opportunity arises. Policy entrepreneurs should be alert for opportunities to take advantage of the open policy windows when they emerge, thereby achieving success in moving policy ideas forward.

Health Insurance Flexibility and Accountability Demonstration Initiative (HIFA): A Policy Analysis Using Kingdon’s Policy Streams Model

In August of 2001, the Department of Health and Human Services announced the Health Insurance Flexibility and Accountability (HIFA) Initiative. This initiative’s goal was to make the process through which states increase and expand access to health insurance for low-income individuals faster and more streamlined. However, the HIFA initiative was introduced at a time when the economy was stronger and the population at large (and the number of uninsured) had not yet been affected by the devastating aftermath of September 11, 2001. This article presents an overview of Section 1115 waivers and continues with a discussion of HIFA waivers. An analysis of HIFA waivers is provided using John Kingdon’s policy streams’ model. Last, the author comments on the current and future challenges confronting the HIFA initiative.