Policy Research Report Research Articles

장애학생 보호자 지원 전달 체계에 대한 연구

Purpose: Identify the needs for support for guardians of the disabled and diagnose the current system to establish the direction of support for guardians of the disabled. In addition, a support system for guardians of the disabled is established in terms of special education and lifelong education for the disabled. Method: In the analysis stage of prior research, related data such as laws, policies and systems related to supporting guardians of the disabled, and policy research reports published by government departments were reviewed and analyzed. For the analysis of practical prior research, data analysis was conducted based on the life cycle of the disabled at home and abroad and the policies and support cases for the disabled by disability type through cooperation with institutions related to supporting guardians of the disabled. Results: First, this study suggested three directions for supporting guardians of the disabled: direct support for guardians of the disabled, improvement of the quality of life for guardians of the disabled, and strengthening the capacity of families with disabilities. Second, this study proposed an integrated model for service delivery systems to support guardians of the disabled. Third, 'one-stop service', 'service specialization', 'continuity of support for guardians by life cycle', and 'periodic update of guardian information' were suggested as conditions for an integrated support platform that focuses on providing information for guardians of the disabled. Finally, it was emphasized that the guardians of the disabled should be provided with various education and information related to the protection of the disabled through the establishment of an education and information support center for the disabled. Conclusion: The support system for guardians of the disabled should focus on direct support for guardians, and in order to establish a support system for guardians of the disabled, a service delivery system for supporting guardians of the disabled must be established at the national level.

Washington Policy Analysts and the Propagation of Political Information

Washington policy research analysts (WAs) monitor political developments and produce research to interpret the impact of these events. We find institutional clients channel more commissions to brokerages providing policy research and commission-allocating institutional clients generate superior returns on their politically sensitive trades. We find that WA policy research reports are associated with significant price and volume reactions. Finally, we find sell-side analysts with access to WA issue superior stock recommendations on politically sensitive stocks. These effects are particularly acute during periods of high political uncertainty. Overall, we uncover a unique and an important conduit through which political information filters into asset prices. This paper was accepted by David Sraer, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4919 .

A policy impact case study using real world data from Welsh government fuel poverty schemes to inform scheme design

ObjectivesTo reduce fuel poverty in Wales: the Welsh Government developed schemes to provide energy efficiency improvements to lower income households.
 To inform scheme design: investigate health impacts by linking scheme data to health records.
 Presented objective: to demonstrate how research findings using real world data can impact policy focus.
 ApproachThe research was conducted by an independent researcher at Swansea University who co-produced research questions with the Welsh Government Fuel Poverty Policy Team.
 A longitudinal dataset was created linking anonymised ‘Warm Homes: Nest’ improvements data to residents’ routine health records in the SAIL Databank at Swansea University. We examined recipient health before and after intervention compared with controls.
 A high-level policy briefing and research report were published in the Welsh Government Social Research – Analysis for Policy series.
 Findings were used to design and pilot new eligibility criteria to capture low-income individuals with a respiratory, circulatory or mental health condition.
 ResultsThis presentation will describe the policy impact pathway from initial discussions with policymakers to real world change, including:
 
 securing ESRC funding for a Knowledge Transfer Fellowship, which included a 2013 data linking demonstration project…
 …which allowed funding to be secured for a 2015-18 research project on the impact of improvements on recipient health…
 …which published emerging findings in 2016…
 …and substantive findings in 2017, showing a significant positive impact of improvements on recipient health…
 …which policymakers used to design a pilot to test ways to widen eligibility criteria to include individuals on a low income with a respiratory, circulatory or mental health condition…
 …which led to scheme criteria being widened in 2019.
 
 By 2021, 25% of recipients entered the scheme via the ‘health route’.
 ConclusionBy delivering research findings generated using linked real world data, and focused on questions co-produced with policymakers, researchers can successfully impact the design and implementation of government policy, thereby improving the lives of people in the real world - in this case, the health of the citizens of Wales.

Women's status, breastfeeding support, and breastfeeding practices in the United States.

The objective of this study is to examine associations between state-level breastfeeding support and breastfeeding practices, controlling for women’s status, in the U.S. We used publicly available data on state-level breastfeeding practices and support (international board-certified lactation consultants (IBCLC), births in Baby-Friendly hospitals, and La Leche League Leaders) for births in 2015 from the CDC Breastfeeding Report Card (2018) and other CDC reported data, and indicators of women’s status from the Institute for Women’s Policy Research reports (2015). We conducted an ecological study to estimate incidence rate ratios of exclusive breastfeeding at six months and breastfeeding at 12 months with breastfeeding supports using bivariate and multivariable Poisson regression. Political participation, poverty, and employment and earnings were associated with breastfeeding practices, as was each breastfeeding support in bivariate analyses. After controlling for women’s status, only IBCLCs were positively associated with rates of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months and continued breastfeeding at 12 months. For every additional IBCLC per 1000 live births, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months increased by 5 percent (95% CI 1.03, 1.07) and the rate of breastfeeding at 12 months increased by 4 percent (95% CI 1.02, 1.06). Political participation, poverty, and employment and earnings were associated with breastfeeding practices, indicating a relationship between women’s political and economic status and their breastfeeding practices in the U.S. Given the influence of women’s status, increasing the number of IBCLCs may improve breastfeeding practices.

A Policy Impact Case Study Using Real World Data from Welsh Government Fuel Poverty Schemes to Inform Scheme Design.

ObjectivesTo reduce fuel poverty in Wales: the Welsh Government developed schemes to provide energy efficiency improvements to lower income households. To inform scheme design: investigate health impacts by linking scheme data to health records. Presented objective: to demonstrate how research findings using real world data can impact policy focus. ApproachThe research was conducted by an independent researcher at Swansea University who co-produced research questions with the Welsh Government Fuel Poverty Policy Team. A longitudinal dataset was created by linking anonymised ‘Warm Homes: Nest’ improvements data to residents’ routine health records in the SAIL Databank at Swansea University. We examined recipient health before and after intervention compared with controls. A high-level policy briefing and research report were published in the Welsh Government Social Research – Analysis for Policy series. Findings were used to design and pilot new eligibility criteria to capture low-income individuals with a respiratory, circulatory or mental health condition. ResultsThis presentation will describe the policy impact pathway from initial discussions with policymakers to real world change, including: securing ESRC funding for a Knowledge Transfer Fellowship, which included a 2013 data linking demonstration project… …which allowed funding to be secured for a 2015-18 research project focused on the impact of improvements on recipient health… …which published emerging findings in 2016… …and substantive findings in 2017, showing a significant positive impact of improvements on recipient health… …which policymakers used to design a pilot to test ways to widen eligibility criteria to include individuals on a low income with a respiratory, circulatory or mental health condition… …which led to scheme criteria being widened in 2019. By 2021, 25% of recipients entered the scheme via the ‘health route’. ConclusionBy delivering research findings generated using linked real world data, and focused on questions co-produced with policymakers, researchers can successfully impact the design and implementation of government policy, thereby improving the lives of people in the real world - in this case, the health of the citizens of Wales.

2022 개정 영어과 교육과정 개발을 위한 쟁점 및 과제

This study explores issues and challenges pertaining to the development of the 2022 Revised English Curriculum through an in-depth research synthesis in the field. To this end, RISS, a major electronic database in Korea, was searched, and the search results were manually screened to identify relevant studies. A total of 42 academic journal articles and policy research reports were finally analyzed to pinpoint issues and challenges that need to be addressed in restructuring the 2015 revised curriculum. Four main issues were identified through the research synthesis: 1) identifying and defining subject competences as well as reflecting them comprehensively in the curriculum document; 2) designing a valid framework for organizing learning contents not only to show the sequence and continuity of the contents but also to address a lack of clarity in the achievement standards; 3) reexamining the level and continuity of achievement standards; 4) differentiating high school electives in terms of their goals and achievement standards in addition to ensuring effective implementation of the elective curriculum. The study conclusion provides insights that can guide future research.

Canadian Transfer Research: Past Achievements, Current Challenges, and Future Directions

The study of transfer in Canadian post-secondary education (PSE) is a fractured terrain, with vast inter-provincial differences and deep schisms between participating communities. At the time of writing, there exists no comprehensive review of the vast, fragmented literature examining the predictors and outcomes of Canadian transfer students, thus complicating the advancement of this subfield. Through this piece, we provide a bird’s eye view of a diverse group of 100+ academic articles, policy and institutional research reports on this topic, published from 1968-2020. We use this review to trace the evolution of this complex sub-field in Canada, outlining the major findings, methodological approaches, gaps, and future challenges that Canadian researchers will face as they attempt to improve our understanding of transfer. Drawing on examples from the American and European contexts, we illustrate the need for more robust administrative data sources and methodological sophistication in Canadian transfer research. We also cite inclusive inter-sector collaboration as a key strategy to improve research in this field.

CIVIL SOCIETY AS DRIVER IN DEMOCRACY DISCOURSE OF ADULT LEARNING POLICY IN UKRAINE

The article is focused on some aspects of development adult learning and education policy in Ukraine from stakeholders` perspective, and active role of the Ukrainian civil society in this discourse. This was facilitated by conducting analytical research and further advocacy activities on the protection and representation of interests in Ukraine in 2018-2019. Adult learning and education following the change in UNESCO’s terminology from «adult education» to «adult learning and education» (abbreviated - ALE), is interpreted as a permanent activity aimed at acquiring, recognizing and applying key skills. Acquisition of new skills, abilities and knowledge by adults usually occurs after they receive basic education and enter the labour market. In European practice, this covers formal, non-formal and informal forms of adult learning. Stakeholders were involved in the analytical re- search through a survey of experts; participation in a practical seminar on peer review workshop, which was held in the format of a progress meeting to present the Policy Research Report and discuss the preliminary results; virtual discussion of analytical documents. Usually, adult learning policy promotes social well-being and integration, employment and active civil participation. Ukraine lack of consolidate active state adult learning policy during the whole period of its independence since 1991. The problem-solving options proposed in the research and validated by stakeholders are presented in this article. The article will be interesting for social philosophy, educational & learning academic and non-academic researchers, policy-makers and practitioners.

Women empowerment: Glitches and revelations

This paper deals with Women Empowerment problems and poverty is frequently given the face of a woman, making it fashionable to evolve gender sensitive development schemes based onwomen empowerment. The huge study of nearly 94% of India's population done by Drez andothers looks at female literacy and its negative and statistically significant impact on child mortality. This paper also throws light on the strategies adopted to empower women. A recent policy research report by the World Bank (2001a), identifies gender equality both as a development objective in itself, and as a means to promote growth, reduce poverty and promotebetter governance. A similar dual rationale for supporting women's empowerment has beenarticulated in the policy statements put forth at several high level international conferences in the past decade. The questions of power are interlinked and we understand that what is necessary is both objective power in terms of economic resources, laws, institutional roles and norms held by others as well as subjective power in terms of self-efficacy and entitlements. Empowerment of women is closely related to formal and informal sources of education. To measure women's empowerment now GEM takes 3 indicators, women's participation in economic, political and professional activities. Within political power what is measured is mainly women in parliament, judiciary or in local bodies. Women's empowerment or disempowerment has to be seen in all areas physical, socio cultural religious, political legal and economic.

서울시민의 보행과 건강증진에 관한 시스템 사고 기반의 구조 탐색

Objectives: This study aimed to examine systems behavior of urban walking by analyzing a dynamic structure in Seoul, South Korea. Methods: As a systems thinking approach to urban walking and health promotion, we developed a Casual Loop Diagram based on literature review and expert consultation. The reviewed literature included: 1) qualitative studies that explores the experiences of urban walkers in Seoul; 2) a systematic review study on the built environmental factors related to walking; 3) policy research reports related to urban walking in Seoul. Results: The feedback structure for urban walking was related to the three urban environments (safety & walking environment, socioeconomic environment, and public transportation environment), and was characterized by a trade-off consisting of eight reinforcing loops and four balancing loops. Conclusions: The policies for a walkable city require multi-sectoral cooperation in order to change the causal loop structure related to the decline of walking. Therefore, it is necessary to establish legal and institutional conditions so that multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary approaches are possible.

스포츠사고와 법적책임에 관한 연구동향 분석을 통한 이론적 고찰과 대책

The purpose of this study is to present the safety measures by synthesizing the opinions suggested by the scholars in the actual research through the theoretical examination of sports accidents and legal liabilities in the sports field. The research method is a literature review through theoretical review. It analyzes the policy research reports, monographs, theses, journal articles, newspapers, articles and magazines on sports accident and legal liability from 1995 to present. Safety measures were suggested.BR First, in the broader approach, it is necessary to formulate a law suited to the characteristics of sport and revise the current law. In addition, each governmental ministry must organize the governance system in order to establish smooth cooperation between government, local residents, management / operation / leader.BR Second, in the consultative approach, it is necessary to strengthen the cognition and education of the law, which is applicable to all responsibilities, and in case of civil liability, obtain the written consent of the user. Criminal responsibilities can be combined with civil liability, and precise recognition of illegality sculptures should be made.BR Third, in the insurance approach, insurance products considering sports characteristics should be developed through collaboration between each sports association and insurer, and the government should extend insurance system for deductible insurance and obligate insurance participants to participate in sports activities.BR Fourth, the preventive approach should build an accident DB, strengthen safety education and awareness of safety of sports, strengthen the management and supervision of facility safety inspection, and establish the Korea Sports Arbitration Committee.BR

디지털 매체를 활용한 일러스트레이션 교육 방안에 관한 연구

The present study aimed to find out the most effective instructional method for illustration to aid the <TEX>$21^{st}$</TEX>-century post digital generation learners in their education. Although the literature discusses government-led enactment and revision of educational policy and curriculums and research reports by the Ministry of Education and other government agencies as well as many other research articles deal with futuristic instructional methods, the instructional methods in practice have not fully changed yet. Illustration is a means of visual communication and a subject that best represent 'expressionism' and 'speed' of the post digital generation. The present study exemplifies instructional methods to establish the need for lesson plans that best suit individuality of students and for re-training instructors. Also, the feedback process with students proved that the post digital generation learned Photoshop quickly and improved creativity via image synthesis even in short-term instructions. The present findings can be possibly used as reference data for instructional methods for illustration using digital media that best suits learners of the post digital generation. This being said, further studies should delve into specific instructional methods.

Child maltreatment in Japan

Summary Over the past 15 years, the number of child maltreatment incidents reported to Child Guidance Centers in Japan has increased more than three fold. Reviewing a wide range of policy white-papers and research reports in Japan, we discuss the prevalence of child maltreatment, its social construction over time, societal factors contributing to child maltreatment, and the development and design of the Japanese child welfare system. We conclude with a discussion of emerging issues and challenges. Findings A variety of risk factors exacerbate maltreatment in Japan. These include the decline of extended familial supports, low paternal involvement in childrearing, and demanding work routines for both men and women who seek professional careers. Throughout the paper, we discuss historically competing social constructions of the child, family, and work. In addition, we discuss the gendered roles of men and women in Japanese society. Japan's legacy of Shintoism and Confucianism, the institutionalization of patriarchy in the Tokugawa and Meiji Periods, and the modern constraints placed on families by Japanese corporations are explored as factors affecting child maltreatment and the services rendered by the child welfare system. Under the Child Welfare Act of 1948 and the Prevention of Child Abuse Act of 2000, approximately 90% of children in need, including maltreated children, receive care in large group home settings in Japan. Compared to other nations, Japan places great reliance on out-of-home care. Preventive systems to strengthen families and avert out of home placements have not be adequately developed. Applications Japanese scholars are re-examining the child welfare system in efforts to design family-based policies and services to both prevent maltreatment and provide alternatives to out-of-home care.

유아교육비·보육비 산정연구 동향분석

본 연구는 국내 유아교육비 보육비 산정연구들의 동향분석을 토대로 향후 연구 및 정책방향을 제시하기 위해 수행되었다. 본 연구대상은 국내 학술논문 및 정책연구소와 어린이집연합회 등에서 발간한 연구보고서 중 유아교육비 보육비 산정과 관련된 연구들 총 21편이었다. 본 연구대상인 유아교육비 보육비 산정연구들은 연도별 동향, 연구내용, 유아교육비 보육비 산정방법 중심으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아교육비 산정연구들은 보육비 산정연구들에 비해 시기적으로 앞서 수행되었으며 연구내용은 유치원과 어린이집의 운영비 분석과 유아교육비 보육비 산출로 구성되어 있었다. 둘째, 유아교육비 보육비 산정연구들은 영유아에게 보육서비스를 제공하기 위해 소요되는 세부운영비를 원아 수로 나누어 산출된 영유아 1인당 운영비를 합산하여 유아교육비 보육비를 산출하는 공통점이 있었으나 운영비에 대한 관점은 다소 차이가 있었다. 셋째, 유아교육비 보육비 산정 시 투입되는 운영비 항목과 계산과정에 있어서도 차이가 있었다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과를 토대로 향후 연구 및 정책방향을 제시하였다. This study aimed to analyze the trends of studies on estimation of cost for early childhood education and child-care services provided by both the kindergarten and child-care centers. A total of 21 papers including academic journals and policy research reports were collected. The papers were analyzed with the annual trends, research contents, and estimation methods of cost for early childhood education and child-care services. The main results of this study were as follows. Firstly, the studies on estimation of cost for early childhood education were performed earlier than the ones on estimation of cost for child-care services. The research contents were composed of analyzing operating expenses and estimating cost for early childhood education and child-care services. Secondly, there were similarities in the estimating processes of cost for early childhood education and child-care services, but the definition of operating expenses used for the estimation of cost differed. Thirdly, there were differences in the items of operating expenses inputted to estimate cost and in the calculation procedures of items in studies. Finally, based on the results, this study suggested what future studies and policy should consider in the estimation of cost for early childhood education and child-care services.

Assessing Aid: What Works, What Doesn't and Why? World Bank Policy Research Report: David Dollar and Lant Pritchett

Assessing Aid: What Works, What Doesn't and Why? World Bank Policy Research Report: David Dollar and Lant Pritchett

Assessing Aid: What Works, What Doesn't and Why? World Bank Policy Research Report: David Dollar and Lant Pritchett

Assessing Aid: What Works, What Doesn't and Why? World Bank Policy Research Report: David Dollar and Lant Pritchett

Eliminating Poverty? ‘Financial Inclusion’, Access to Land, and Gender Equality in International Development

The UK White Paper on International Development published in 2009 explicitly links access to financial services with poverty reduction. In doing so, it echoes the policies the World Bank set out in its 2008 Policy Research Report on Finance. This paper offers a detailed analysis of these development policies and connects the current plans for the expansion of financial sectors in the developing world with policies that promote the acquisition of formal land title. The paper argues that as asset-backed lending expands, commercial banks will come to play an increasingly important role in third world economies. In light of this, it reviews important first-hand accounts of the difficulties of drafting legislation to protect women's access to land in the face of opposition from commercial lenders, using Tanzania and Uganda as illustrative examples. The paper assesses the implications of expanding access to credit for gender equality and concludes that it is difficult to reconcile the promotion of financial inclusion with the aim of international development to end poverty.

Greening Industry Without Enforcement? An Assessment of the World Bank's Pollution Regulation Model for Developing Countries

The best comparative and overview source now available for knowledge about pollution regulation in developing countries is the 2000 World Bank policy research report called Greening Industry. The World Bank finds that there is a new model for pollution regulation in lower- and middle-level income countries that is an alternative to “traditional” command and control regulation. The new model stresses flexible norms and nonstate pressures on regulated enterprises coming from communities and markets. This article presents an investigation into this new model. It finds that the prevalence of weak law enforcement may undermine the new model's potential to control pollution in developing countries. It also contends that social and market pressures only occur under certain circumstances often not found in lower- and middle-level income countries. Therefore, the article concludes that developing countries require smart mixes of various regulatory instruments appropriate in the given state and nonstate regulatory capacities, instead of contrasting state and nonstate regulation.

Building Societal Capital: Chinese in the US

Since the late 1980s, closely following the economic boom of the four tigers of Asia (Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Korea) Chinese language programs have begun to take a foothold in the educational system of the US (Rhodes and Lucinda, 1997; Welles, ADFL Bulletin 35 (2004) 2). The rapid rise of the PRC as an emerging superpower in the past decade commands unprecedented attention from the international communities (World Bank (2002). Globalization, Growth, and Poverty: A World Bank Policy Research Report. Oxford University Press; Friedman (2005) The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century. NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux). This desire to establish Chinese programs is clearly demonstrated from a 2004 College Board survey, in which 2,400 US high schools indicated that they would be interested in offering Chinese programs that lead students to take the Advanced Placement Course and Examination for college credits (College Board (2004) http://www.collegeboard.com/press/article/0,,51453,00.html). While the survey reveals a fascination with Chinese which presents an opportunity for future expansion, the inadequacy of the entire Chinese language teaching field in the U.S. in responding to this demand is simultaneously exposed. This article analyzes the Chinese case specifically from the perspective of the presence of HL speakers and links between the HL reality of Chinese and the demand for Chinese as a foreign language. The outlines of a new paradigm for language planning in the US using the Chinese case emerge from this discussion.

The World Bank on Land Policies: A West African Look at the World Bank Policy Research Report

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