Policy Reform Research Articles

The role of information industry convergence in energy transition

To cope with global climate risks, promoting energy transformation has become a global consensus. China issued a reform policy in 2010 to promote the convergence of the three major information industries, namely broadcasting and television networks, telecommunications networks and the Internet (TPR policy). However, is the convergence of information industries able to promote energy transition? This study constructs a quasi-natural experimental framework using China's TPR policy as a representative case of industrial convergence. Using city-level panel data between 2003 and 2016 in China and a multi-period difference-in-differences model, this study examines the impact of TPR policy on energy transition. The results show that TPR policy positively contributes to energy transition at a 1% significance level. Extensive robustness tests support this finding. This positive effect is particularly evident in regions with less developed communications infrastructure and stricter environmental regulations. Mechanism analysis suggests that TPR policy promotes energy transition by improving the level of information networks, promoting technological innovation, and optimizing industrial structure. The findings of this paper emphasize the importance of information industry convergence in facilitating energy transformation.

Analysis of the Relationship between the Implementation of Circular Economy Principles and Financial Inclusion to Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia

This qualitative study explores the relationship between circular economy principles, financial inclusion, and poverty alleviation in Indonesia. Through semi-structured interviews with key informants representing various stakeholders, the research investigates the integration of circular economy initiatives into financial inclusion strategies, the impact of circular economy practices on poverty alleviation, and the challenges and opportunities for sustainable development. The findings reveal potential synergies between circular economy and financial inclusion, highlighting the role of innovative financing mechanisms, capacity building, and policy reforms in promoting inclusive growth and environmental sustainability. However, significant barriers, including risk perception, collateral requirements, and regulatory constraints, pose challenges to accessing finance for circular businesses and entrepreneurs. Addressing these barriers requires collaborative efforts from policymakers, financial institutions, and other stakeholders to create an enabling environment for circular economy investments and foster inclusive development. The study underscores the importance of holistic and integrated approaches to sustainable development, where circular economy principles and financial inclusion strategies are mutually reinforcing, contributing to shared prosperity and well-being for all Indonesians.

The Intersection of Law and Space: Exploring Legal Geography

The field of legal geography serves as the focal point for an interdisciplinary assessment of the interplay between law and spatial ordering. This paper examines the ways in which legal systems shape and are shaped by the spatial environments in which they operate. Addressing the bidirectional influence, the research considers the impact of legal directives on urban configurations, environmental governance, and the allocation of spatial resources in relation to social equity. Key to this exploration are the regulatory mechanisms that govern property rights and land use, unveiling the spatial implications of legislative processes. Methodologically, the paper synthesizes theories from legal studies with geographic analysis to dissect the complexities of space as it relates to the law. This approach sharpens our comprehension of how lawful prescriptions are not mere theoretical constructs but hold material consequences in societal terrains. The work presented herein contributes to the understanding of law's tangible effects on the arrangement of urban settings, the stewardship of environmental resources, and the promotion of justice through equitable spatial access. Ultimately, the paper aims to elucidate the nuances of legal geography and advocate for a reconciled design of law and space that is sensitive to the demands of justice, inclusivity, and environmental sustainability, paving the way for legal and policy reforms that support a balance between legality and spatial equity.

Management of Heart Failure in a Resource-Limited Setting: Expert Opinion from India.

Heart failure poses a global health challenge affecting millions of individuals, and access to guideline-directed medical therapy is often limited. This limitation is frequently attributed to factors such as drug availability, slow adoption, clinical inertia, and delayed diagnosis. Despite international recommendations promoting the use of guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure management, personalized approaches are essential in settings with resource constraints. In India, crucial treatments like angiotensin II receptor blocker neprilysin inhibitors and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors are not fully utilized despite their established safety and efficacy. To address this issue, an expert consensus involving 150 specialists, including cardiologists, nephrologists, and endocrinologists, was convened. They deliberated on patient profiles, monitoring, and adverse side effects and provided tailored recommendations for guideline-directed medical therapy in heart failure management. Stressing the significance of early initiation of guideline-directed medical therapy in patientswith heart failure, especially with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, the consensus also explored innovative therapies like vericiguat. To improve heart failure outcomes in resource-limited settings, the experts proposed several measures, including enhanced patient education, cardiac rehabilitation, improved drug access, and reforms in healthcare policies.

FINANCING GREEN ENERGY FOR ENHANCING ENERGY SECURITY IN UKRAINE

This paper examines the financing of green energy initiatives as a critical element in strengthening Ukraine's energy security, especially in the context of post-war reconstruction and the need for sustainable and resilient energy infrastructure. The study aims to assess the potential and challenges of investing in green energy in Ukraine, considering the destruction caused by Russian military actions in the winter of 2022-2023, and the need for recovery based on sustainable models. In this regard, the obtained results emphasize the importance of creating a reliable and decarbonized energy sector, driven by both domestic needs and international cooperation with the EU and other partners. The analysis shows that despite strong support for the green energy transition, the development of the sector is hindered by the high capital intensity required for green technologies, which are often not competitive without government subsidies. This requires a careful balance between innovation and commercial viability of green energy projects, highlighting the need for public and private investments in technologies that can compete with traditional sources of energy in the long term and developing new financing tools for Ukraine. The conclusions indicate that a multifaceted approach is needed to ensure Ukraine's energy future and minimize risks. Such an approach should include policy reforms, strategic investments in proven green technologies, and fostering partnerships to bridge the commercialization gap. Policymakers face the dual challenge of accelerating the energy transition while managing financial constraints exacerbated by military spending, highlighting the trade-off between rapid development and the risks associated with financing innovation. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of how green energy financing mechanisms can enhance Ukraine's energy security, suggesting broader implications for policy, investment, and technological innovation in the context of Ukraine's post-war recovery and future resilience.

Empowering marginalized communities through legal and financial literacy: The development and impact of the LEFL-Framework.

This study evaluates the impact of the Legal and Financial Literacy Framework (LEFL-Framework) on empowering marginalized communities, focusing on integrating legal and financial literacy as a means of socio-economic empowerment. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis, the research scrutinizes peer-reviewed journals, official reports, and policy documents published from 2005 onwards. The methodology hinges on a comprehensive search strategy, with inclusion and exclusion criteria meticulously designed to filter relevant literature, followed by a thematic categorization and content analysis to distill key insights. Key discoveries reveal that legal and financial literacy are pivotal in enhancing the socio-economic conditions of marginalized communities, offering them the necessary tools to navigate complex legal and financial environments. The study identifies challenges such as digital divides and cultural barriers but also highlights opportunities through digital learning platforms and cross-sector partnerships. Strategic directions suggest leveraging technology, fostering community-based education, and advocating for policy support to integrate legal and financial literacy into broader educational frameworks. Recommendations are provided for practitioners, policymakers, and community leaders to develop culturally sensitive materials, support policy reforms, and mobilize local resources for sustainable literacy initiatives. The study concludes with a call for ongoing research into innovative educational methodologies, the long-term impacts of literacy programs, and the role of digital technologies in enhancing accessibility and effectiveness. This research underscores the transformative potential of legal and financial literacy in empowering marginalized communities and contributing to their socio-economic advancement.

THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT ON UKRAINE'S COMPETITIVENESS AFTER THE WAR

The purpose of the paper is to critically analyse and understand how foreign investment can affect and potentially improve Ukraine's competitiveness in the global market after the war. Methodology. This study aims to analyse the various aspects and dimensions of foreign investment, in particular direct investment flows, and their impact on key sectors of the economy in Ukraine in the post-war period. In addition, it attempts to assess the challenges and opportunities that foreign investment creates in the context of rebuilding and modernising Ukraine's infrastructure, enhancing its technological and innovation potential, and strengthening its labour force and industrial base. The survey results showed that foreign investment has had a significant positive impact on Ukraine's economic growth in the post-war period, especially in the restoration of key industries and infrastructure. FDI plays an important role in attracting advanced technologies and expertise to Ukraine, thereby increasing its competitiveness. The document emphasises the need for policy reforms to create a more favourable investment climate, including improved legal protection for investors, anti-corruption measures and increased efficiency of the bureaucracy. The results of the study point to the existing challenges in attracting foreign investment, such as political instability, infrastructure deficit and unclear investment legislation. Finally, the publication forecasts the long-term impact of foreign investment on economic stability and growth trajectory in Ukraine, which leads to cautiously optimistic conclusions. Practical implications. The research aims to provide insights and recommendations on how Ukraine can effectively use foreign investment to rebuild its economy, increase its global competitiveness and ensure long-term sustainable development in the post-war period. The SWOT analysis in this article helps to identify strategic areas for improvement and capitalisation. It can help them formulate policies to improve the investment climate by focusing on strengthening strengths, mitigating weaknesses, seizing opportunities and protecting against threats. Value/Originality. The value and originality of the paper lies in its comprehensive and detailed study of how foreign investment can be a key factor in reforming and reviving Ukraine's economy after the war. The paper specifically examines the post-war economic landscape of Ukraine, a topic that has not been widely studied. It provides a fresh perspective on the challenges and opportunities for a country recovering from war.

Pemenuhan Hak Atas Kesehatan terhadap Anak Stunting di Jawa Timur dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia

This research uses a qualitative and normative approach to determine the implementation of children's rights to health in the context of stunting in East Java. This study examines the normative aspects of human rights (HAM) in the context of stunting through policy analysis, in-depth interviews, and document review. The results show that policy implementation does not fully reflect human rights principles and access to health services is uneven in some areas. This study recommends the need for policy reform that is more consistent with human rights principles, as well as increased implementation of interventions to increase the realization of children's right to health. By combining qualitative and normative approaches, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities in realizing children's right to health in the context of stunting in East Java.

Food label literacy among urban dwelling households in Ghana

ObjectiveThe current study examined food label literacy (FLL) among urban-dwelling households. DesignA cross-sectional survey. SettingAccra, the capital city of Ghana. ParticipantsA total of 510 participants. Main outcome measuresFood Label Literacy (FLL) was the dependent variable. FLL was assessed by participant’s ability to correctly interpret information on the use of nutrition facts table, ingredient list and health and nutrition claims when presented with ‘dummy’ food labels. Nutrition-related knowledge of food labels and food label use were the main independent variables. AnalysisData was analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. ResultsA third of participants reported using food labels. The adequacy rate for FLL was low. However, individuals who were labels users, had adequate nutrition-related knowledge of label and their use were more likely to have adequate FLL. Conclusions and implicationsData from this study suggests that there is a need for educational interventions and labelling policy reforms such as the introduction of Front-of-package nutrition labelling to encourage, enable, and improve consumer use of food labels in Ghana.

Research on Innovation and Application of “Process Drama” in Teaching and Extracurricular Practice

With the promulgation and implementation of China’s double reduction policy and art curriculum reform policy, there has been a new shift in the field of education, from exam oriented education to comprehensive development education for students, with the goal of holistic development. The innovative teaching model of “process drama” aims to promote the comprehensive development of students, using the popular “script murder” as a carrier to carry out teaching activities that promote ideological and political education in courses, cultivate students’ cross-cultural communication skills, and guide them to tell Chinese stories well in English.

Legal Dilemma for Land Deed Officials in Transferring Land Title Within Agrarian Reform in Indonesia: A Study in Aceh Province

The agrarian reform policy in Indonesia is expected to reduce inequality in land ownership and control, provide legal certainty and reduce land disputes by making various changes to legislation and government policies. This article aims to explore the dilemma of transferring land rights in Indonesia in terms of legal certainty and justice for Land Deed Making Officials (Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah/PPAT) who have often faced legal proceedings, referring to cases in Aceh Province, Indonesia. This research uses empirical juridical methods with a case study approach, data collection techniques, interviews, observation and document study. The results of the research show that Land Deed Making Officials have a high legal risk in transferring land rights in Indonesia, especially if there are deviations, errors or mistakes in the procedures for making deeds, so that Land Deed Making Officials are held administratively, civilly and criminally responsible. This problem occurs because of differences in interpretation regarding PPAT's obligation to carry out field verification, lack of legal protection, and lack of village-based land data. This study offers new insights into strengthening customary land database institutions at the village level supported by the National Land Agency. So, this offer helps unravel the complexity of the land transfer process and offers a potential solution for better justice for Land Deed Making Officials under the Jokowi government's agrarian reform, and guarantees justice and certainty for land owners, as a way to achieve the welfare of the people in Indonesia.

Criminal justice transitions among adolescents in Australia: A multi-state model

PurposeThis study aimed to identify key transitional pathways in the criminal justice system from adolescence to adulthood and the risk factors associated with the escalation of criminal justice involvement over time. MethodWe retrospectively linked offending records from 1994 to 2022 and mental health records from 2001 to 2022 for a cohort of 1556 adolescents identified through four health surveys in New South Wales, Australia. Transition probabilities were calculated using the Aalen-Johansen method, and the hazards of transition-specific covariates were estimated. ResultsThe median age of adolescent entry was 15 years. The cohort was predominantly male (87.5%) and non-Indigenous (65.6%). Among incarcerated adolescents, 76.8% transitioned to adult incarceration. Transition probabilities were the highest among those aged 10–13 years. Among those with mental disorders, psychosis was associated with transitions to adolescent and adult incarceration. Other risk factors for future incarceration include being male, Indigenous, socio-economically disadvantaged, having a history of adolescent incarceration, and being diagnosed with substance use and behavioural disorders. ConclusionYounger adolescents have higher transition probabilities to more intense criminal justice involvement. Legislative and policy reforms are needed to delay the onset of adolescent criminal justice involvement and ensure age-appropriate rehabilitative strategies to reduce recidivism.

Policy Reform on the Qualification Pathway of Internationally Educated Nurses in Greenland and Its Relationship With the Danish System: A Qualitative Discourse Analysis.

The nursing profession in Greenland, particularly in rural and remote areas, faces challenges due to geographical limitation and a lack of interdisciplinary collaboration. The registration process and status of internationally educated nurses (IENs) in Greenland are unclear. This article aimed to analyze existing policies and propose recommendations for an independent registration process for IENs in Greenland. A qualitative discourse analysis was used to critically discuss existing policies and regulations governing nursing registration in Greenland. Relevant legislation, government reports, and official documents were reviewed. Legislative regulations protect the title of registered nurse in both Greenland and Denmark. To work in Greenland, an IEN must have a residence permit. With recent health agreements between Greenland and Denmark, both countries have streamlined the permit acquisition process for foreign healthcare professionals, making it more accessible. However, the process of acquiring a license to work as a registered nurse for IENs lacks clarity. Policy reform is needed to establish a group of diverse nurse experts under the National Board of Health responsible for the assessment and registration of IEN qualifications. There is also a need for a bridging education program or national licensure examination which could facilitate faster IEN recognition. Mutual recognition of nurse licenses between Greenland and Denmark should be established to ensure efficient healthcare delivery and maintain professional standards. Embracing IENs can address nursing shortages and improve healthcare services in Greenland.

The Necessity and Strategy Analysis of Cultural Introduction in Teaching Chinese Reading as a Foreign Language

Since the reform and opening-up policy, China has undergone an unprecedented transformation, not only economically, but also in education and teaching, particularly in the field of teaching Chinese as a foreign language.Due to the increasing influence of our country in the international community, it has attracted a lot of curiosity from foreigners towards China, so they have started learning Chinese one after another. Of course, learning Chinese is not just about learning a language, the most important thing is to learn more about Chinese culture through learning Chinese, so that they can communicate smoothly with Chinese people. Chinese reading textbooks for foreign students contain a large amount of cultural information about historical figures, customs, geographical knowledge, and other aspects, so reading teaching has become an important channel for foreign students to learn and understand Chinese culture. This article takes cultural introduction as the starting point, analyzes the necessity and strategies of cultural introduction in Chinese reading classes as a foreign language, and provides some useful references for the current situation of teaching Chinese as a foreign language.

Approaches for supporting youth dually involved in child protection and youth justice systems: An international policy analysis

The high representation of children involved across both child protection and youth justice systems remains a pressing concern. Contributing factors include unnecessary police intervention for behavioural difficulties in residential care, and deficient systems integration particularly between child protection and youth justice. Policy reforms in the past 15–20 years have aimed to prevent and address this concern across jurisdictions such as Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The study offers an updated review and analysis of these policies, targeting researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in the field. Examination of selected available policies identified four main strategies utilised: joint practice protocols, policies aimed at reducing the criminalisation of children in out-of-home care, crossover court lists, and specialised practice models like the Crossover Youth Practice Model (CYPM). There is promising evidence for some approaches, notably the CYPM, however, most suffer from a lack of implementation and outcomes evaluation, insufficient diversity considerations, and minimal inclusion of lived experience in design and implementation. Findings suggest future policy reforms should prioritise the development of whole-of-government strategies, involve children's perspectives, emphasise prevention, restorative and diversionary responses, multi-agency collaboration, ongoing support for implementation, and rigorous evaluation.

Critically Investigating the Factors and Hurdles Contributing to Graduate Unemployment: A Case Study of the Economics Faculty, Jawzjan University

The foundation of any thriving society is rooted in its youth, whose growth and development are profoundly influenced by the educational institutions they attend. Universities, often regarded as the crucible for shaping this foundational element, hold a pivotal role in not only imparting technical knowledge but also in nurturing a high-quality societal culture. In this descriptive study, a sample of 100 students was drawn from a pool of 150, with 90 questionnaires returned and analyzed, shedding light on pertinent issues surrounding youth unemployment. This study underscores the pressing nature of the challenge facing university graduates as they transition into the workforce. The findings underscore the significant impact of corruption and prejudice on exacerbating youth unemployment, illuminating the intricate web of socio-economic factors at play. Additionally, the study reveals a collective acknowledgment of the capacity to address these challenges, signaling a glimmer of hope amidst the adversity. However, the identification of government policies as a substantial contributing factor to youth unemployment serves as a clarion call for targeted interventions and policy reforms to alleviate this societal concern. The study's insights emphasize the critical need for concerted efforts to address the multifaceted barriers hindering young individuals from realizing their full potential and contributing meaningfully to society.

Analyzing the Right to Education for Marginalized and Vulnerable Populations: Legal Strategies for Access and Quality

The right to education, recognized and protected globally, serves as a vital catalyst for marginalized individuals—both adults and children—to escape poverty and actively engage in their communities. It empowers women, shields children from exploitation, upholds human rights, fosters democracy, and contributes to environmental preservation. Education, a fundamental human right, intertwines with other rights, shaping the full development of individuals and promoting global understanding. Despite its critical role, challenges persist in ensuring universal access to basic education, emphasizing the urgency of addressing this issue for a more equitable society. Despite the right to education being a cornerstone of human rights, marginalized and vulnerable groups struggle to obtain quality education. This paper dissects legal frameworks guaranteeing this right, particularly how they can be utilized to ensure access and quality for these populations. The paper explores international and national legal instruments recognizing the right to education. It then delves into the challenges faced by marginalized groups, including geographic isolation, poverty, discrimination, and disabilities. The core analysis focuses on legal strategies to overcome these barriers, such as litigation, policy reform advocacy, and leveraging human rights mechanisms. By examining successful legal tactics, this paper aims to provide a blueprint for promoting accessible and high-quality education for all. This includes fostering inclusive learning environments, culturally relevant teaching methods, and addressing the specific needs of marginalized groups. Ultimately, the goal is to contribute to a more equitable and just education system that empowers everyone to reach their full potential.

Legal Foundations and Inequities in Indonesian Autonomy

This study examines the effectiveness of Indonesia's regional autonomy laws—Law Number 22 of 1999, Law Number 32 of 2004, Law Number 23 of 2014, and Law Number 5 of 2014—highlighting the challenges of inter-regional inequality, conflicts of interest, and resource limitations. Employing qualitative analysis of legal documents and secondary data, the research identifies critical gaps in the legislation that hinder equitable development across regions. It proposes legal reforms to strengthen the governance system, aiming to enhance fairness and effectiveness in regional autonomy, thereby ensuring a more balanced national development.
 Highlights:
 
 Legal Gaps: Current laws insufficiently address inter-regional inequalities and conflicts.
 Reform Necessity: Legal reforms are crucial for effective resource distribution and conflict management.
 National Impact: Improved laws can enhance national unity and regional governance.
 
 Keywords: Regional Autonomy, Legal Analysis, Inequality, Conflict Resolution, Policy Reform

Understanding prison living: Mitigating the problem of ‘incompatible’ incarcerated people through the perspectives of correctional officers

AbstractPrisoner incompatibility is a challenge for correctional officers (COs), as incompatible people in prison are more likely to engage in negative interactions, participate in altercations, cause harm to each other and create tension on a unit. Through in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 28 COs employed in Atlantic Canada, we explore how incompatibility among incarcerated people shapes how incarcerated people are managed and perceived by COs. Engaging the prison design literature, we further examine the kinds of spatial designs and protocols that contribute to, or mitigate, incompatibility. We find that COs describe a complex prison hierarchy that, while being laced with challenges beyond the control of COs, could nevertheless be effectively mitigated through architectural transformation or policy reforms. We highlight the need to consider how prison culture informs and is interpolated through spatial configurations of correctional institutions and how these social and spatial dynamics shape interactions between prisoners.

Does China’s Green Finance Reform and Innovation Pilot Policy Reduce Carbon Emissions? Analyzing the Role of Financial Decentralization

Does China’s Green Finance Reform and Innovation Pilot Policy Reduce Carbon Emissions? Analyzing the Role of Financial Decentralization