Policy In Romania Research Articles

The Politics of Duplicity: Controlling Reproduction in Ceausescu’s Romania. By Gail Kligman. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. 358p. $44.95.

Gail Kligman analyzes the reproductive policies of the Ceausescu regime and the responses of experts and the population to those policies. Drawing on extensive interviews with ordinary men and women as well as experts and on archival research, the author provides a wealth of informa- tion about demographic trends and reproductive policies in Romania from the outset of the communist era to the violent overthrow of the Ceausescu regime in late 1989. Kligman traces the way in which communist leaders used legislation, measures to "protect" women in the workplace, propaganda, and control of the media and other sources of information to propagate their desired model of women and influence reproductive choices. She analyzes the role of key profession- als, such as demographic experts and, particularly, physicians and other medical personnel, in the making and implement- ing of reproductive policies. She also considers the role of international actors, including the United States, in perpet- uating the Ceausescu regime.

Fiscal deficits, monetary reform and inflation stabilization in romania

Fiscal problems are widely recognized as a key factor behind persistent inflation in Eastern Europe post-1989. Deficits need to be cut back, but how much for a given inflation target? We develop a simple framework on debt, deficit and inflation to study the fiscal and monetary policy interactions for the Romanian economy. This framework is employed to assess consistency between inflation, monetary reform and fiscal policy in Romania. First, the direct impact of inflation on fiscal inconsistency measure is assessed. A discussion on the importance of consolidating public sector deficit and its implications for a correct assessment of consistency between monetary and fiscal policy follows. Next, we discuss the implications of exchange rate policy on fiscal sustainability. Finally we alter debt dynamic process to simulate the impact of delaying fiscal adjustment on fiscal sustainability.

Long-term unemployment, social assistance and labor market policies in Romania

Long-term unemployment in Romania has grown in both absolute and relative terms in the last few years, leading to increased expenditures, both absolutely and in relation to unemployment benefits, for the support allowance and social assistance programs and for pensions to labor force drop-outs. The paper uses a variety of data sources, including registration information, labor force surveys, and our own survey of registered unemployed (SRU) to describe these trends in the characteristics of Romanian unemployment and to examine differences across unemployment benefit (UB), short-term and long-term support allowance (SA) recipients. We employ the data to estimate the transition flow probability from the UB to the SA program; discuss the work incentives, income maintenance effects, and public costliness of the labor market and social insurance (including pension and disability) policies; and investigate the effects of the policies and of other characteristics of the unemployed and the areas where they live on the hazard for the escape rate from unemployment for UB and SA recipients separately.

Agricultural transformation and implications for designing rural financial policies in Romania

In the context of Romania’s macroeconomic and agricultural transformation, this paper analyses the current extent of the depth of rural finance and discusses the implications for the future development of rural financial markets in Romania. The overall agricultural support system is reviewed with particular emphasis on mechanisms of rural finance. The paper argues that building an efficient rural finance system that addresses the financial needs of private sector agriculture and the rural clientele requires a multi-level approach: Innovations are needed at the finance system level, involving, in particular, the creation of an effective regulatory and supervisory framework and making the National Bank of Romania (the central bank) independent of Government interference, at the level of financial organisations, in the processing and administration of financial services and in product design.

Agricultural Transformation and Implications for Designing Rural Financial Policies in Romania

In the context of Romania's macroeconomic and agricultural transformation, this paper analyses the current extent of the depth of rural finance and discusses the implications for the future development of rural financial markets in Romania. The overall agricultural support system is reviewed with particular emphasis on mechanisms of rural finance. The paper argues that building an efficient rural finance system that addresses the financial needs of private sector agriculture and the rural clientele requires a multi-level approach: Innovations are needed at the finance system level, involving, in particular, the creation of an effective regulatory and supervisory framework and making the National Bank of Romania (the central bank) independent of Government interference, at the level of financial organisations, in the processing and administration of financial services and in product design.

Alterations in export patterns through transforming policies in Romania

This study examines Romanian export flows in light of the dismantling of the traditional economic ties within the former Eastern European trading bloc (the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) and the conclusion (in 1993) of the Association Agreement between Romania and the European Union. These have led to a significant adjustment of the geographic trade pattern for Romania. The structural gravity model was employed to analyze the evolution of Romanian export flows to the two groups of main trading partners, i.e., the European nations of the former Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and the European Union. The empirical results support the view that the European Union became and will remain the major market outlet for Romanian exports in the following years.

Conceiving the New World Order: The Global Politics of Reproduction.

This groundbreaking volume provides a dramatic investigation of the dynamics of reproduction. In an unusually broad spectrum of essays, a distinguished group of international feminist scholars and activists explores the complexity of contemporary sexual politics around the globe. Using reproduction as an entry point in the study of social life and placing it at the center of social theory, the authors examine how cultures are produced, contested, and transformed as people imagine their collective future in the creation of the next generation. The studies encompass a wide variety of subjects, from the impact of AIDS on reproduction in the United States to the aftereffects of Chernobyl on the Sami people in Norway and the impact of totalitarian abortion and birth control policies in Romania and China. The contributors use historical and comparative perspectives to illuminate the multiple and intersecting forms of power and resistance through which reproduction is given cultural weight and social form. They discuss the ways that seemingly distant influences shape and constrain local reproductive experiences such as the international flows of adoptive babies and childcare workers and the Victorian and imperial legacy of eugenics and family planning.

Stabilization and exchange rate policy in Romania*

AbstractThis paper presents the major traits of the stabilization efforts underway, underlining the role of exchange rate policy. The surprisingly good response of the economy to the “policy shock” of 993–1994 is explained by the ubiquitous large X‐inefficiencies and the impact of the foreign exchange market on information and transaction costs. It is argued that restructuring and the imposition of good corporate governance on a wide scale, which are essential for reducing further inflation, need much more capital inflows (foreign direct investment) and the latter can be encouraged by faster privatization. Since systemic strain makes “stop and go” measures almost unavoidable, the challenge for policy‐makers is to avoid policy fluctuations of large amplitude and to enhance steadily their credibility.

Les déséquilibres à géométrie variable dans les économies en transition : le cas roumain

The changing mix of (dis)equilibria in transforming economies : the case of Romania. The stabilization and transformation policy in Romania after December 1989 is studied in this paper from the point of view of (dis)equilibrium. Part one refers to (dis)equilibria in general, and is followed by an attempt to define an optimal mix between external and internal disequilibrium, the latter seen in a broad sense. Part three presents the forced adjustment of the balance of payments in Romania in the 1980s as a prologue to the analysis of transformation policy. Results and dilemmas of stabilization policy during the first three years of transformation in post-communist Romania (till the end of 1 992) are presented in section four. The next part is devoted to (dis)equilibria in transforming economies by providing some insights into this problématique. The paper ends with concluding remarks.

Minorities and minority policies in Romania since 1945

Minorities and minority policies in Romania since 1945

Romanian Scientists Rush To Condemn Elena Ceausescu

One of the strangest chapters in contemporary science diplomacy involves the celebrated but now apparently fraudulent scientific career of Elena Ceausescu, the wife of Romanian chief of state and Communist Party chairman Nicolae Ceausescu. The deception—credit for published material she never researched and technical degrees granted but never earned—was long-lived, generally known, but unchallenged. Western scientists and their Eastern bloc counterparts, by their silence, maintained her charade in the hope of protecting the careers and the families of Romanian scientists and engineers subject to the regime. The deception was critical to Elena's ego, to the maintenance of her power in the Romanian communist hierarchy, and to Romanian-American relations between 1965 and about 1984. At that time Romania's policy of defiant independence of the Soviet Union was working to the apparent advantage of the western powers. But it turns out, too, that the tilt of Romania toward the West was also a deception. The Ce...

Turning the Romanian peasant into a new socialist man: An assessment of rural development policy in Romania

Turning the Romanian peasant into a new socialist man: An assessment of rural development policy in Romania

Woodland conservation: The emergence of rational land use policies in Romania

Woodland conservation: The emergence of rational land use policies in Romania

The European Crisis of March–April 1939: The Romanian Dimension

In mid-march 1939 Romania, a country which had hitherto played only a secondary role in European politics, was thrown right into the centre of the international political arena. The news of a German ultimatum allegedly received by the government in Bucharest triggered the open and more militant policy of resistance pursued by the western powers in the last six months of peace. As important elements of the Anglo-French strategy against Nazi expansionism, the countries of eastern and southeastern Europe acquired special importance for the governments in London and Paris. In MarchApril 1939, within less than a month, the independence of three states in this region was publicly guaranteed by the western powers. British and French considerations in granting political guarantees to small states at the other end of Europe have been the subject of considerable research. Similar, but more limited investigations have also been carried out on the foreign policies of Poland and Greece during the same period. The foreign policy of Romania, the third recipient of the British and French guarantees and the catalyst for a new policy in eastern and south-eastern Europe, has received only marginal attention. The object of this study is to bring new elements to the understanding of the part played by Romania in the international crisis of March 1939 and its aftermath.

Romania's Policy Gamble

Romania's Policy Gamble

Pronatalist Policies in Romania

Previous articleNext article No AccessPronatalist Policies in RomaniaWilliam MoskoffWilliam Moskoff Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 28, Number 3Apr., 1980 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/451199 Views: 18Total views on this site Citations: 10Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1980 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Corina Doboș Disciplining births: population research and politics in communist Romania, The History of the Family 25, no.44 (Sep 2020): 599–626.https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602X.2020.1807384Borbála Kovács Researching Families’ Childcare Decisions, (May 2018): 25–49.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78661-2_2Borbála Kovács Two-Tiered Romanian Family Policy and Inequality, (May 2018): 51–91.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78661-2_3Zuzanna Brzozowska, Patrick Festy Fécondité et niveau d’instruction des femmes pendant le socialisme d’État en Europe centrale et orientale, Population Vol. 70, no.44 (Apr 2016): 731–769.https://doi.org/10.3917/popu.1504.0731Patricia Fronek, Denise Cuthbert The future of inter‐country adoption: A paradigm shift for this century, International Journal of Social Welfare 21, no.22 (Apr 2011): 215–224.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2011.00799.xVictor Groza, Ana Muntean, Roxana Ungureanu The Adoptive Family Within the Romanian Cultural Context: An Exploratory Study, Adoption Quarterly 15, no.11 (Jan 2012): 1–17.https://doi.org/10.1080/10926755.2012.661327Jini L. Roby, Jim Ife Human rights, politics and intercountry adoption, International Social Work 52, no.55 (Aug 2009): 661–671.https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872809337680CHARLES H. ZEANAH, SEBASTIAN F. KOGA, BOGDAN SIMION, ALIN STANESCU, CRISTIAN L. TABACARU, NATHAN A. FOX, CHARLES A. NELSON, Ethical considerations in international research collaboration: The Bucharest early intervention project, Infant Mental Health Journal 27, no.66 (Jan 2006): 559–576.https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.20107Flavio Cunha, James J. Heckman, Lance Lochner, Dimitriy V. Masterov Chapter 12 Interpreting the Evidence on Life Cycle Skill Formation, (Jan 2006): 697–812.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0692(06)01012-9F POPOVICI Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Romania, The Lancet 338, no.87688768 (Sep 1991): 645–649.https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)91230-R