Policy In Kazakhstan Research Articles

Var analysis and monetary transmission mechanism in Kazakhstan

We explore monetary policy transmission by estimating VAR impulse response functions to illustrate the Kazakhstan economy’s response to unexpected changes in policy.This article helps to evaluate the work of the main channels of the monetary policy transmission mechanism, namely, the work of the interest rate channel, exchange rate, and lending channel in the Republic of Kazakhstan, by the help of vector regression model (VAR). It was revealed that the main transmission channel in the study period from 2005 to 2019 in Kazakhstan was the exchange rate channel.The other two remaining channels of the monetary policy transmission mechanism (the bank lending channel and the interest rate channel) were of secondary importance.We find a significant exchange rate pass-through to prices, and interest rate policy following, rather than leading, financial market developments. Our estimated monetary policy reaction function shows the central bank striking a balance between real exchange rate stability and containing inflation. We discuss dollarization, administrative interventions, and other features complicating monetary policy transmission, review specific constraints and vulnerabilities, and conclude with observations on possible measures that could raise the effectiveness of monetary policy in Kazakhstan.

Support to the banking Sector as a Factor of the Central bank losses (the Case of the National bank of Kazakhstan)

Central bank activities in developing and transit economies differ in specificity, due to the underdevelopment and increased vulnerability of national banking systems to external shocks. In some cases, this specificity leads to central bank losses, including over long periods and in large volumes. The subject of the article is central bank activities contributing to their losses. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing instability of the external environment within the growing crisis in the global economy, which causes the constant generation of shocks for the financial sector of developing economies. Maintaining financial stability and supporting the banking sector under these conditions may be factors of central bank losses. The aim of the article is to assess the impact of these factors on the example of the Central Bank of Kazakhstan. The study employed the methods of the analysis of the financial results of the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan during its active support to the country’s banking sector, as well as a comparative analysis of its financial statements with other central banks. As a result , the study revealed that the specifics of the monetary policy in Kazakhstan implemented to ensure the stability of financial markets and support to the banking sector led to massive losses for the regulator. This significantly distinguishes its results from similar indicators of other central banks in the world and the CIS countries. The resulting losses developed due to factors of both a temporary and situational nature, as well as systemic features of monetary policy that arose in a difficult period and became permanent afterwards. The conclusion confirms the hypothesis about the significance of support measures for the national financial sector in the formation of a negative financial result for the central bank, as well as illustrates the specificity of monetary policy in developing economies with a dominant commodity sector.

Implementation of European Educational Programs in Context of Kazakhstan’s Policy in Field of Higher Education (1995-2018)

The issues of academic mobility and internationalization of universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan are considered through participation in educational programs of the European Union TEMPUS and ERASMUS+. The main stages of the implementation of European programs are identified, which correspond to the main principles and directions of the policy of Kazakhstan in the field of higher education. Particular attention is paid to Kazakhstan joining “the Bologna Club”. It is emphasized that the TEMPUS program contributed to the integration of the Higher Education system of Kazakhstan into the European Higher Education Area and the country's accession to the Bologna process. The fact that European programs contributed to the implementation of the basic parameters of the Bologna process aimed at internationalization is positively assessed. The data on the involvement of Kazakhstani universities in the educational programs of the European Union, aimed at increasing the international mobility of students and deepening research in the field of European integration, are analyzed. The problems that hinder the development of internationalization and the active participation in European programs are also touched upon. It is shown that Kazakhstan is the only country in Central Asia that is part of the European Higher Education Area and has a national strategy for the internationalization of all universities.

MODERN GENDER SITUATION IN KAZAKHSTAN

Gender policy is an important tool for the development of gender equality for any country in the world and Kazakhstan is no exception. The gender policy of Kazakhstan began to emerge in Soviet times and has acquired its own characteristics today. For several years, gender laws have been developed and approved, adopted by the Republic of Kazakhstan during its independence. Family policy is also included in this area: special attention and support is given to families in Kazakhstan.

The Role of Budget Planning in Improving the Efficiency of Economic Policy in Kazakhstan

In the budgeting system of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is focused on achieving results, a special place is occupied by state programs.
 A state program is a comprehensive document that defines the main direc­tions of state policy in the field of its implementation, which is directly linked to the development strategy of the state as a whole and the concept developing a particular industry.
 In the Republic of Kazakhstan, a state program is a strategic planning doc­ument containing a set of planned activities and interlinked by tasks, deadlines, implementers, resources, and public policy instruments that ensure—within the framework of the implementation of key state functions—the achievement of priorities and goals of state policy in the field of socioeconomic development and national security. In other words, a state program is an instrument of state regulation of the economy, ensuring the achievement of promising goals and objectives through the use of available resources.
 State programs are documents of an inter-sphere, inter-sectoral, and inter­departmental nature that define goals, objectives, and expected results in the priorities and strategic directions of the country’s development and are devel­oped for a period of at least 5 years in order to implement the higher docu­ments of the State Planning System.

The features of the modern language trilingual’s policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan under conditions of modernization of public consciousness

The article analyzes the features of the modern language trilingual’s policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan under conditions of modernization of public consciousness. The author studies cause and effect relationships of the occurrence of this phenomenon in the state, assesses the prospects for its development, identifies the difficulties faced by the Kazakhstan’s society on the path to introducing trilingual’s, and shows the current development priorities of the linguistic personality of the most developed countries of the world. Nowadays many difficulties arise in the way of ensuring a new language policy in Kazakhstan, caused by the fact that the Kazakh language lacks many scientific terms and concepts. Their use in the state has always been provided by the Russian language. At the same time, a number of scholars evaluate the transition to the Latin alphabet as a destructive phenomenon in language policy that can harm the Kazakh language and national culture. At the same time, experts offer acceptable options for solving emerging problems and

Importance of state regulation of the tourism industry In the Republic of Kazakhstan

Tourism is a complex, highly profitable cross-industry complex and is one of the main sectors of the world economy. It is recognized as one of the most effective tools for supporting and stimulating the development of local, regional and national economies in many countries of the world. Often, tourism proved to be a lever in different countries, the use of which made it possible to improve the entire national economy of the country. In many countries, tourism plays a significant role in shaping the gross domestic product, creating additional jobs and employment, and activating the foreign trade balance. Tourism has a huge impact on such key sectors of the economy as transport and communications, construction, agriculture, production of consumer goods, and others, i.e. it acts as a kind of catalyst for social and economic development. The experience of foreign countries shows that it is possible to achieve competitiveness in the world tourism market by developing new forms of economic integration between the state, tourism business and the country’s population. Therefore, the formation and creation of favorable conditions for the effective functioning of tourist clusters is one of the priorities of the state tourism policy of Kazakhstan.

Language choice among the Almaty students

The article is dedicated to the multilingualism among the students of the Kazakh National al-Farabi University. The demographic statistics shows decrease in the numbers of Russian-speakers and the growth in the numbers of young speakers of Central Asian regional languages. The attitudes towards multilingualism change. The future teachers will be trilingual, according to the language policy in Kazakhstan. The article uses the methods of linguistic biography, auto-reflection, and thematic analysis. The results show that the youth has critical attitudes toward the own plurilingualism and the positive attitudes towards the goals that they have to achieve. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that different languages can be used in practice under condition that students acquire them consciously and control the learning process.

ЦЕННОСТНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ КАЗАХСТАНСКОЙ МОДЕЛИ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО СОГЛАСИЯ И НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ЕДИНСТВА


 
 
 The Republic of Kazakhstan is a multi-ethnic state, which is home to more than 100 ethnic groups and more than 20 confessions. The study of the main directions of the state ethnic policy of Kazakhstan, the formation of a model of social development, the study of value potential, as well as the identification of new trends consolidating society, is an urgent task for scientists and researchers not only from Kazakhstan, but also from other countries. The article focuses on the modern agenda, the study and development of eth-no-political processes in the country and the world, models of national policy of different countries, its fun-damental and value bases. For Kazakhstan's society, the key role in maintaining stability, strengthening na-tional unity and public agreement is played by the Assembly of people of Kazakhstan, which is a unique socio-political institution with a constitutional status clearly defined by legislative regulation.
 
 

HOW GENDER POLICY CHANGES SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS?


 
 
 It is vitally important to establish the gender policy and use the knowledge and strength of women in solving economic questions of Kazakhstan for avoiding the danger of globalization, demographic imbalance, social unsteadiness, crisis of values of the civilization and so on.The project aims to show that introduction of gender policy on the proper level changes the consciousness of society and brings the profit to the development of Kazakhstan. In order to achieve this goal the meaning of the ‘gender policy’ and ‘gender’ was uncovered; the questionnaire and interview with an expert were held. You can find clear definition of the role of women in the modern life and the comparison of statistical index of gender policy in Kazakhstan with 30 developed countries of the world. All materials were systematized and the ways of solving these problems were suggested. The main features of gender policy in Kazakhstan and efficient ways of development of the equality of both genders are covered throughout the work.
 
 

The impact of corruption and local content policy in on firm performance: Evidence from Kazakhstan

Many governments of both resource-rich and resource-poor countries have recently started to use local content policies as a tool in their industrial policies. However, careless implementation of local content policies can lead to corrupt practices and threaten firm performance. Using the World Bank Enterprise Survey of 933 Kazakhstani firms in 2009 and 2013, we study the effect of corruption on employment and sales growth and the role that explicit local content policy plays in this relationship. Our findings demonstrate that corruption has “a greasing the wheels effects”, facilitating employment growth and sales growth in Kazakhstani firms. In case of securing a government contract, corruption will have a larger effect on sales growth than on job growth. This study provides insights and implications for contract law and industrial policy in Kazakhstan.

Real Estate Market Evolution and Monetary Policy in Kazakhstan

This paper considers the link between macroeconomic policy and housing demand in an upper middle-income transition economy, Kazakhstan. The paper further explores price cointegration and contagion across cities. We find evidence that some parts of the housing market lead others but that, overall, regional housing markets are only weakly interlinked. The markets also tend to respond weakly to policy interventions – a matter of possible concern to the nation’s central bank.

Transformation of the labor market in Kazakhstan in the transition to a digital economy

The modern world economy is moving to a new model of economic growth – the digital economy. In this process, the countries of the post-Soviet space are somewhat behind not only the developed, but individual countries of the average level of economic development (China, India). One of the reasons for the backlog is ignoring the continuity of labor and capital. Capital is not capable of sustainably developing without society fulfilling the adequate requirements of the labor market. Under these conditions, the integration of Kazakhstan into the international labor market can lead to imbalance in the labor force: the outflow of skilled workers abroad and the inflow of cheap, not educated labor force into the country.Effective use of labor potential is one of the most important tasks of the formation of a socially orientedstate, carried out within the framework of state policy in Kazakhstan. Therefore, the question of thetransformation of the labor market and raising the level of social security of the population is the mainagenda in the modern conditions of the development of the world economy.The purpose of the article is to identify changes in the labor market as a result of technological renewal,to identify the main directions of the transformation of the labor market in the digital economy.Research methods: used methods of comparative analysis, monitoring, identifying problems andfinding their solutions.The results of the study. On the basis of a review of changes in the labor market, the definition ofthe relationship between labor and capital, the role of an intellectual person has been revealed, a comparativeanalysis of the labor market «before» and «in the conditions» of the digital economy has beencarried out.

Потенциал повышения налоговой нагрузки при сокращении зоны фискальных противоречий (на материалах экономики Казахстана)

Relevance. In 2009, tax reform was carried out in Kazakhstan and basic tax rates were reduced. Over the past period, the level of state budget expenditures declined to 19% of GDP. The need to ensure the inclusive economic growth requires an increase in the tax burden and improvement in the redistributive function of the budget.The purpose of this study is to quantify the limits of increasing fiscal burden, which will not hinder economic growth and fiscal function of budget, by taking into account the reduction in the width of the fiscal inconsistencies’ zone from 2010 to 2018.Hypothesis. It is expected that the calculations carried out in the paper, using the approaches of the theoretical model of the Laffer curve and fiscal analysis, will provide a real corridor within which it will be possible to increase the tax burden in the economy of Kazakhstan.The methodological basis of the study aims to establish the relationship between tax burden, economic growth and budget tax revenues, which are used in the theoretical model of «Tax Laffer curve». In order to construct the production and fiscal points of the Laffer curve for the Kazakhstani economy, we applied the methods of fiscal analysis using production and institutional functions of Balatsky E.V. We used the data of the Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan.As a result of the study, the authors estimated the maximum points of the production function curve and the fiscal function curve . The comparison with the actual value of the tax burden allowed quantifying the potential increase of tax rate in Kazakhstan. But the re­vealed trend of reducing fiscal inconsistencies zone’s width for 2010-2018 required an adju­stment of the results, taking into account the low degree of freedom for the possible manipulation of tax rates.Therefore we carried out additional calculations with the prolongation of the natural limit of the fiscal burden, i.e. 1st kind of the Laffer points. The results show that the stage-wise increase in tax-to-GDP ratio amounting to 4-5% within 10 years from the level of 2018 is possible without any negative effect on economic growth and tax collection.The results of the study can be used to implement tax policy in Kazakhstan.

Issues of implementation of the public budget policy of Kazakhstan

Issues of implementation of the public budget policy of Kazakhstan

Kazakh Land, China Capital: Exporting China’s Project System to External Geographies

China’s Belt and Road geoindustrial policy is dependent on upgrading transport logistics throughout the Middle East and the former Soviet Republics of Central Asia. However, the key International Capacity Cooperation policy also aims to move industrial plants abroad in support of China’s wider import strategy. Planning this industrial offshoring not only requires significant domestic industrial policy governance coordination, with policy being formed at the center and transmitted to lower levels of China’s administrative hierarchy, but also involves traversing largely unmapped policy territory, namely international multilevel governance cooperation with host countries in Central Asia. Taking the International Capacity Cooperation policy as its focus, this paper examines China’s geoeconomic industrial policy in Kazakhstan, arguing that greater public administration interdependence is needed to develop China’s foreign policy into genuine regional economic cooperation.

International Experience in the Development of Green Economy

This paper describes the concept of "green economy" and the stages of its formation. The foreign experience of reforming the economy on the principles of "green" growth is generalized and systematized and the possibilities of its use in the conditions of the Republic of Kazakhstan are determined. The assessment of the effectiveness of the development policy in Kazakhstan from the standpoint of compliance with the principles of "green" growth is given.

Health Technology Assessment in Pharmaceutical Reimbursement Policy in Kazakhstan

Health Technology Assessment in Pharmaceutical Reimbursement Policy in Kazakhstan

Голощекин саясатының Қазақстанда жүргізілуі

Голощекин саясатының Қазақстанда жүргізілуі

Resources and the application of Soft Power tools in Foreign Policy of Kazakhstan

Resources and the application of Soft Power tools in Foreign Policy of Kazakhstan