Indonesian Policy Makers Research Articles

Going Global: Insights of Indonesian Policymakers on International Migration of Nurses.

BackgroundThe Indonesian policymakers need to respond to the current challenges, particularly the excess of nurses and the increased demand for nurses in the global market.ObjectiveThis study aimed to present the perception of policymakers and stakeholders on the management of overseas migration of Indonesian nurses.MethodsThis study is a descriptive qualitative design where data were collected through structured interviews with key stakeholders representing the Indonesian government, namely the Ministry of Health (MOH), the Ministry of Labour (MOL), Ministry of Education (MOE) and the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Agency (BP2MI). The in-depth interviews involved participants who were responsible for managing Indonesian nurses’ migration. The qualitative data were analyzed thematically using a content analysis approach.ResultsThe issues involving nurses’ migration policy are quite complex and sectoral. Themes emerging from this study include the move towards global market orientation, addressing challenges on international nurse migration, strengthening coordination among stakeholders and making the most of opportunities. All the themes reflect that the country should work hard to achieve the balance between quantity and quality of nursing resources for the international market.ConclusionAs regulator and executor of Indonesian nurse migration, various government policies have responded to the low number of Indonesian nurses’ migration overseas, emphasizing the three cycles of migration: pre-migration, migration and post-migration. The preparation of resources, regulations and placements for Indonesian nurses abroad open the opportunity to the international nursing labour market. Hence, the policies need to be strengthened from upstream to downstream to make Indonesian nurses more competitive and adaptive in global market.

The Influence of Global Financial Liquidity on the Indonesian Economy: Dynamic Analysis with Threshold VAR

Empirical studies of the global liquidity spillover on Indonesia’s economy are still relatively limited. Most of the global contagion literature on Indonesia’s economy focuses only on the effects of real shock (on output) due to financial shock. We assert that the effect of global output on Indonesia macroeconomic conditions is a fairly relevant issue to be studied. This research aims to investigate the interdependent relationships between world GDP, world commodity prices, world inflation, trade flows, capital inflow, capital account transactions, reserve accumulation, global liquidity (e.g., global broad money), and monetary aggregates, with regard to Indonesia’s GDP variables and inflation. This paper uses threshold vector autoregression (TVAR) to capture regime changes in the variables of the world economy. World economic data and Indonesia’s economic data were utilized to prove different responses to the world economic situation in two different regimes. This research identified two groups of upper regime and lower regime world variables—namely, world inflation, world GDP, and world commodity prices. TVAR estimation resulted in a smaller residual sum of squares compared to VAR estimation. Different regimes resulted in differences in Indonesia’s economic responses due to the shock of world economic variables. The findings generated by this research are expected to be insightful to monetary policymakers in Indonesia.

Testinghow financial development led to energy efficiency? Environmental consideration as a mediating concern.

This work investigates the relationship of financial development with energy efficiency and economic growth. Due to the coexistence of economic expansion, trade openness, financial development, and urbanization in Indonesia and Turkey, these two countries are considered. Johansen cointegration, error correction, and Granger causality tests are applied to validate the predicted effects of economic activity on the environment. Results show a long-term relationship of Indonesia's CO2 emissions with five out of six macroeconomic factors, except for urbanization, which has a detrimental effect on carbon emissions. On the other hand, no cointegration across variables is found in the case of Turkey. However, unidirectional causality is observed from energy consumption and economic growth to economic growth. Furthermore, economic growth, energy consumption, and trade openness have a two-way causal effect on financial development. This work encourages Turkish and Indonesian policymakers and regulators to strengthen environmental laws. It also encourages other economies and governments to conduct similar analyses and determine the best course of action.

Efektifitas Intervensi Multidomain terhadap Resiko Penyakit Kardiovaskular pada Pra-Lansia di Jawa Barat

Cardiovascular disease is the highest cause of death in Indonesia, which is also known as the “silent killer. However, research focused on preventing cardiovascular disease in the elderly is still very limited. In Indonesia, there is no multi-domain intervention using the internet that is intended to improve pre-elderly health.The aim of this study was to design an internet-based multidomain intervention program to prevent cardiovascular disease in the pre-elderly. This study used a quasi-experimental pre-post-test design with two groups (intervention group and control group). The inclusion criteria in this study were: elderly aged 55-65 years, had at least two risk factors for cardiovascular disease (such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, smoking, inactivity, DM, history of cardiovascular disease) previously to participate in the study. The sampling technique that will be used is the convivence sample with a total sample to be recruited is 100.The results of this study will be very useful as a guide for pre-elderly and health workers in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as material for health policy makers in Indonesia to make guidelines and recommendations for disease prevention management in the pre-elderly.

The influence of Islamic attributes on tourist satisfaction with pull motivation as an intervening variables

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to find out the level of influence of Islamic attributes and pull motivation to the satisfaction of Muslim tourists visiting Indonesia. Furthermore, this study may reveal where variables have a strong influence on the variable satisfaction of Muslim tourists. In addition, this study also wanted to know if Islamic attributes can influence the satisfaction of Muslim tourists with pull motivation as a moderating variable.Design/methodology/approachUsing quantitative methods, this study analyzed the results of questionnaires that have been distributed to 200 Muslim tourist respondents who have visited Indonesia. To declare the hypotheses, the collected data were analyzed with structural equation modeling-partial least square using SmartPLS application version 3.2.7.FindingsFrom this study, it was discovered that pull motivation has more effect on the satisfaction of Muslim tourists visiting Indonesia. Other results showed that both Islamic attributes and pull motivation simultaneously affect the satisfaction of Muslim tourists. Furthermore, Islamic attributes can affect pull motivation and pull motivation can also become an intermediary variable in bridging the impact of Islamic attributes on the satisfaction of Muslim tourists.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this study include the relatively small sample used and not yet taking foreign tourists as respondents. Besides that, you can also add several variables to complement this research in the future either as an intervening variable or a mediator variable.Practical implicationsTo increase the satisfaction of Muslim tourists traveling to Indonesia, policymakers in Indonesia must further improve the facilities of the pull motivation aspect such as the cleanliness of tourist attractions, exotic locations and hygienic shopping centers. In addition, aspects of Islamic attributes must also be updated, such as aspects of adequate worship facilities and tourist attractions that apply the concept of halal for Muslims.Originality/valueThe originality of this study on the pull motivation variable as an intervening variable and adding the Islamic attribute variable in the case of Muslim tourist satisfaction.

KOLONIALISME DAN PELAKSANAAN REFORMA AGRARIA DI INDONESIA

This research was carried out with the aim of being able to see how colonialism that occurred to the Indonesian state affected the development of agrarian reform in Indonesia until its implementation at this time. This research will be carried out using normative juridical. The data in this study is secondary data that serves to analyze the problems in this article. The discussion in this study will see how the development of the implementation of the implementation of agrarian reform that occurs in Indonesia from time to time. The results of this study found that the element of colonialism is still attached to the implementation of agrarian reform policy-making in Indonesia. In addition, in overcoming various agrarian conflicts, the Indonesian state still uses the Positive Wettelijk system. This is reflected in the use of state tools in carrying out repressive methods to reduce the conflict. Even though there are regulations issued by the president regarding this agrarian reform, most of the people still have not fully experienced the distribution of land which aims to improve the welfare of the people based on the 1945 Constitution.

Determinants of Unemployment in the Large and Medium Industrial Sector in Indonesia

As a country with the second-highest unemployment rate, Indonesian policymakers should worry about this condition. Based on the macroeconomic perspective, unemployment is affected by the firms' labour demand. It highlights that the firm's profit or loss highly determines the labour force demand. Using the Fixed Effect Model, this study results show that the labour force significantly affects industrial output, and the changes of industrial output highly increase the labour demand in the market. However, foreign and domestic capital neither significantly reduce unemployment rate in Indonesia nor stimulate the large and medium industries to absorb labour in the market. The Government should utilize foreign and domestic capital efficiently as possible to reduce unemployment rate.

Periodontal Disease and Oral Health–Related Quality of Life in the Older Population in Indonesia

Introduction:Despite being acknowledged as the second global burden of oral disease, periodontal disease has few epidemiologic studies in the literature, particularly for developing countries. Many previous studies have assessed the relationship between periodontal disease and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL), with patients attending dental clinic or hospitals rather than a general population. This study attempted to fill the knowledge gap in limited information about periodontal disease and OHRQoL, with reference to a general population in a developing country.Objectives:To investigate the relationship between OHRQoL and periodontal diseases in an older population in Indonesia.Methods:We invited 582 older people from community health centers. The 369 (63.4%) older people who agreed to participate consented to an oral health examination and a questionnaire capturing demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and Oral Health Impact Profile–14 (OHIP-14) data.Results:Almost 75% of the older people had generalized periodontitis; 3% had healthy periodontal status; and around 22% had localized periodontitis. There was a lack of statistical evidence for an association between periodontal disease status and OHRQoL. This result was based on the appraisal of the prevalence of the impact (Odds ratio [OR], 0.95 [95% CI, 0.54 to 1.59]; P = 0.77), difference in mean severities (0.07 [95% CI, –1.66 to 1.80]; P = 0.94), and extent of the impact (P = 0.996). However, we found evidence for a relationship between tooth mobility and OHRQoL for all of the OHIP assessments, including prevalence of the impact (OR, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.16 to 3.01]; P = 0.009), difference in mean severities (–2.98 [95% CI, –4.50 to –1.45]; P < 0.001), and extent of the impact (P = 0.001).Conclusion:There was a lack of statistical evidence for a relationship between periodontal disease status and OHRQoL in this society. However, we found evidence that tooth mobility, as a sign of periodontal disease progression, is related to OHRQoL.Knowledge Transfer Statement:The present study can be used by dentists, community health workers, and policy makers in Indonesia to understand the prevalence, severity, and extent of the negative impacts of periodontal disease on older people’s quality of life. In addition, this study provides information about factors that might considerably affect the oral health–related quality of life in this society, such as brushing habits, dental visit, family income, DMF-T status, and subjective appraisal toward dental health.

The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Land Surface Temperature in Yogyakarta Urban Agglomeration

Since the end of 2019, the world has been surprised by Corona Virus (COVID-19) pandemic. The first case of COVID-19 in Indonesia was reported in March 2020. The Indonesian policymakers have announced to limit social interaction by applying physical distancing and appealed to stay at home to slow the spread of COVID-19. Yogyakarta city is known as a tourism city and student city also affected by the presence of COVID-19. Many tourist destinations, schools, colleges, institutions, companies, and industries not operating as usually because people have been appealed to work and study at home. Less outdoor activities caused the vehicle emission in the street is rarely. This condition makes the temperature is cooler. This paper aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the land surface temperature. Landsat 8 satellite data has been used to show the changes in LST before the pandemic, during a pandemic, and after the new normal. The results showed that during the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic with reducing outdoor activities, the LST was lower than before the pandemic. Whereas after the new normal, the LST was increased.&#x0D;

Sustainability of Global Economic Policy and Stock Market Returns in Indonesia

Interdependence in trade and financial globalization has increased the vulnerability of developed and developing countries to external shocks alike, whereas emerging markets are more vulnerable to the shocks originating from the world’s leading economies. This paper investigates the impact of the uncertainty from the global economic policy on the return of the Indonesian stock market by using the time-varying correlation based on the rolling window method and time-varying built dynamic conditional correlation method. Both the rolling window and condition correlation estimates indicate that the correlation between global policy uncertainty and Indonesian stock returns is time-varying. The results of the autoregressive distributed lag-based regression indicate that inflation, global crude oil prices, gross domestic product, and world crude oil production have significant impacts on the dynamic conditional correlation. The average negative estimate of time-varying correlation suggests that investors when faced with liquidity constraints in one country may sell off their assets in another country to raise funds in order to meet their future financial needs. This also indicates that the rise in the uncertainty of economic policy in developed markets has a negative impact on the shocks faced by the Indonesian stock market. Based on our empirical findings, it is recommended that Indonesian policymakers should place more focus on the sustainability of the economic growth, pay close attention to volatile crude oil prices, world crude oil production, and inflation so as to avoid dynamic interaction between the uncertainty of economic policy in the developed markets and the return of the Indonesian stock market.

Developing Transnational Indigenous Solidarity: The Case of Borneo Dayak Forum

Dayak people are an indigenous community inhabiting the Island of Borneo. They dub themselves as the natives and the inheritance of the island’s heritage and culture. Before the intrusion of colonial influences, they were prosperous and great, but now they are ironically struggling to revive and retrace their ancestral heritage in their own home. This article seeks to explain and analyze the effort of the Dayak community to advocate for their rights and culture by developing a transnational advocacy network called Borneo Dayak Forum to promote sustainable living. This network serves as a platform that Dayak people capitalize upon to influence policy-making in Indonesia in which Dayak people currently inhabit especially in Kalimantan Island. This article argues BDF has played a significant role in promoting Dayak people's agendas in achieving sustainable living, especially in the realm of the preservation of customary law and protection of indigenous lands.

Advocacy Coalition Framework of Ultra Micro Loan Policymaking in Indonesia

Advocating the Ultra Micro-lending concept of Indonesia's Ministry of Finance in 2017 was a tumultuous nine-year process. The present paper aims to examine the Ultra Micro-lending (UMi) program conducted by the Ministry of Finance of Republic of Indonesia using Advocacy Coalition Framework. This paper showed that Advocacy Coalition Framework could moderate the interest groups' disagreement through seven steps as follows. First, relatively stable parameters of poverty need alleviation using better financial access with empowerment. Second, the external system is inspired by Grameen Bank as the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. Third, removing constraints and resources of subsystem actors from the internal Ministry of Finance and the Parliaments. Fourth, creating consensus for getting the Ministry of Bureaucratic Reform's permit. Fifth, policy subsystem that coalesces the need of market-rate and subsidized rate to cater to 46.7 million grassroots entrepreneurs as a 'win-win' arrangement to complement the bank-based People's Business Credit (KUR). Sixth, policy outputs as the legal product of the UMi with a 7 Trillion State budget. Seventh, policy impact's measurement after one year piloting before UMi's scaling up. This paper has a significant contribution to enhancing the efficacy of UMi program, and as a continuous effort to ensure the economic development of the country.

Incidence of concomitant illnesses in pregnancy in Indonesia: Estimates from 1990–2019, with projections to 2030

SummaryBackground‘Indirect’ causes of maternal death including concomitant illnesses such as infectious and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), accounted for 23% of maternal deaths in Indonesia in 2010. Reproductive-age women in Indonesia face a “double burden” of disease with increasing rates of NCDs and persisting rates of infectious disease. However, there is a lack of data on the burden of these diseases in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to estimate incidence of concomitant illnesses among pregnant women in Indonesia from 1990–2030.MethodsPublicly available data was accessed including incidence of concomitant illnesses in Indonesian reproductive-age women, population data and crude birth rate data from 1990–2019, and formed basis for projections to 2030. A dataset of estimates for all variables was generated for each year and sampled from a binomial distribution. Using these estimates, pregnancy estimates and incidence in pregnant women were calculated. A cubic splines model was fitted to generate estimates of incidence of concomitant illnesses in pregnancy.FindingsPast trends to 2019 show a decline in incident cases of infectious diseases except for HIV/AIDs, and an increase in most NCDs. In 2019, the most common disease was sexually transmitted infections. From 2020–2030, incidences of diabetes and lower respiratory infections are estimated to continue to increase.InterpretationWith an increasing incidence of NCDs and high-incidence of infectious diseases in pregnancy, Indonesian policymakers and stakeholders should consider what evidence-based strategies and interventions are best to reduce potential impacts of concomitant illnesses on pregnancy outcomes.FundingAustralian Government Research Training Program Scholarship.

The adoption of information technology as decision support system in SMEs

The purpose of the study is to develop the information systems (IS) for SMEs as well as to investigate the factors that influence the decision of SMEs to adopt information technology (IT). Using a development research approach, it focuses on developing the Web-based Decision Support System (DSS) IT on SMEs, with the Waterfall model’s implementation. Structured interview (by phone) was conducted with 120 SMEs, and the results were tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. It shows that the implementation of the Web-based DSS for SMEs provides benefits for them as a database for management decision-making tools. In addition, it is also beneficial to the Indonesian policy makers in regards to the empowerment of SMEs. The findings of the study confirm the Technological, Organizational and Environmental (TOE) framework, that the decision to adopt IT by SMEs in Indonesia are influenced by technological factors including consideration of benefits, compatibility, and costs; organizational factors include the readiness of companies to adopt technologies including technological infrastructure readiness, relevant systems, and technical skills; environmental factors include customer/supplier pressures and competitor pressures. The findings also show that different sector of SMEs (manufacturing and service sectors) has different considerations in deciding the implementation of IT.

Effect of Learning Abroad on the Students’ Career Direction and Employability through Australian-Indonesian Student Mobility Programs

Among key features of the internationalization of higher education, student mobility has been given a big attention by universities and relevant stakeholder to achieve advance knowledge, intercultural skills, intellectual capital, and prospective labour market benefit. The increasing number of Indonesian students studying in Australian universities indicates the development of student mobility collaboration between both nations. Australia has become the most popular destination country for Indonesian students to pursue better education and Indonesia also become one of the destination countries for Australian students to participate in international student mobility program under the New Colombo Plan (NCP). Yet, little is known, about the impact of student mobility program or learning abroad on students’ career direction and employability within the context of both nations. This article is aimed to address this gap by examining the perspectives of participating students and other relevant stakeholders from both countries. It uses Bourdieu’s thinking tools of capital, habitus, field, and the idea of cultural and social reproduction, to capture the picture of how this student mobility program affects the students in relation to their career direction and employability. Findings generated from this research will be beneficial to HEIs and policy makers in Indonesia and Australia so that all involving parties can acquire expected outcomes of this student mobility program.

Does Inflation Reduce Air Pollution? Evidence from Indonesia

Inflation could likely cause devastating impacts where high inflation can harmful economic and social circumstances. However, only limited studies try to find the impact of inflation on the quality of air. The aim of this study is to investigate the empirical linkage between inflation and air pollution in Indonesia covering the period of 1981 until 2017 by using an error correction model (ECM) methodological approach. The result of study suggests that in the short run, higher inflation is causing the lower level of air pollution. Similarly, in the long run, higher inflation is also affecting the lower level of air pollution. While there are a lot of negative impacts of inflation in Indonesia, the finding in this study indicates a positive impact of inflation in Indonesia, which is higher inflation can reduce the air pollution. The results seem contradict with the target of central bank of Indonesia to have a low but positive rate of inflation. Based on the findings, the study suggests the policymakers in Indonesia to support a robust role of inflation stability in achieving targets related to the reduction of air pollution.

Peningkatan Market Share Bank Syariah Melalui Kinerja Keuangan; Antara Moderasi Efisiensi Dan Risk-Taking Behavior

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Conducting analysis of efficiency, risk-taking behavior and market share of &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Islamic&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; Banking in Indonesia. Conducted to answer the question of the still low market share of sharia banking in the national banking industry. The presence of Sharia Banking on dual banking system is still minimal.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;The monthly data sample of 34 Shariah Bank in Indonesia (11 Sharia Commercial Banks, 13 Sharia Business Units) is used to test the research hypothesis for the period from 2014 to 2017 using the estimator Generalized Method of Moments.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;The results show that there is a significant relationship and / or influence between the efficiency, risk-taking behavior and market share of Sharia Banking in Indonesia. Effect of moderation Efficiency and Risk-Taker Behavior on Financial Performance of Sharia Banking.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Research limitations/ implications - Firstly, this paper focuses only on the sharia banking industry in Indonesia that adopts pro-active models, and therefore, expanding the investigation to include countries adopting different models may provide a better and more comprehensive view of the correlation between efficiency, risk-taking behavior and market share of Sharia Banking. Secondly, there is a need for more empirical data to be used, such as 7 years or more.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;This paper provides empirical evidence to regulators and policymakers in Indonesia, to understand how to increase the market share of sharia banking to the national banking industry. Furthermore, the sharia banking shareholder intends to increase the market share of sharia banking as one of the pillars of sharia finance in Indonesia which continues to grow.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Previous studies have only discussed financial performance, efficiency and risk-taker behaviors without linking to market share levels. Because the discussion of market share is usually monopolized marketing studies..&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

THE USABILITY OF WHATSAPP MESSENGER AS ONLINE TEACHING-LEARNING MEDIA

In order to prevent the spread of Covid-19, whether ready or not, education policy makers in Indonesia have established a policy of online learning from home. Some schools use a special Learning Management System (LMS) application, while others simply use existing common communication applications, including WhatsApp Messenger. This study aims to measure its usability in its use as an online learning medium. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach. The data were obtained from an online survey of students and teachers who were determined by convenience sampling technique. Measurements were carried out with ISO for HCI and Usability 2001. The results showed that the Usability of WhatsApp was rated in the sufficient category, close to the good category.

Legal Protection for Foreign Workers in Indonesia: Opportunities and Challenges

The impact of globalization and the current free market in the form of movement of investment, capital and labor between countries is unavoidable. Indonesia, as a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), opens up opportunities for investment and foreign workers to run its business. The purpose of this research is to find out about legal protection for foreign workers in Indonesia as regulated by the 1945 Constitution and various other laws and regulations. This study uses a qualitative approach that is normative juridical, and the specification of the analysis of this research is carried out descriptively. The results show that the provisions regarding foreign workers in Indonesia still have many obstacles, especially in promoting investment, creating new regulatory challenges that may need to be responded to by policy makers in Indonesia quickly, and the right strategy is needed in the field of using foreign workers. although Law No. 11 of 2020 has been passed and optimizes the role of non government organizations (NGOs) as assisting institutions for foreign workers to increase awareness of human rights in Indonesia

MODAL MANUSIA DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN ESTIMASI PANEL

This study examines the influence of the human capital (HC) variable on economic growth (EG) in Indonesia. The study used a panel data model with fixed effect estimates for 34 provinces from 2011 to 2019. We used the education index formula from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) to estimate human capital. The results showed that the human capital variable in the current year (HC) to human capital year-3 (HCt-3) had a negative and significant effect on economic growth. Meanwhile, variable of the human capital year-5 (HCt-5) to human capital year-7 (HCt-7), has a significant positive effect on economic growth. This study also found that the human capital variable year-4 (HCt-4), although the direction is positive, is not statistically significant for economic growth. This paper is useful for policy makers in Indonesia to increase human capital by improving the quality of education .