Policies In Order Research Articles

Relationship Between Regulatory Interest and Market Interest Rates in Vietnam: Quantitative Analysis Perspective

The article studies the relationship between regulatory interest and market interest rates in Vietnam from 2015 – 2022. This relationship has been mentioned in many theories and empirical studies in different countries and in different periods. In order to explain it, the research team collected data on the refinancing rate – which represents the regulatory interest rates and lending rates – representing the market interest rates from 2005 to 2022. The data is collected quarterly and analyzed using Eviews8 software to build a linear regression model showing the relationship between regulatory interest rates and market interest rates during the research period. In this article, the research team divides the research period into three phases: 2005Q1 – 2011Q4, 2012Q1 – 2016Q4, 2017Q1 – 2022Q4. The results of the linear regression model show that for the period 2005Q1 – 2011Q4, when the regulatory interest rate increases by 1%, the market interest rate increases by 1%, the market interest rate increases by 0.7326%; for the period 2012Q1 – 2016Q4, when the regulatory interest rate increases by 1%, the market interest rate increases by 0.5943%; for the period 2017Q1-2022Q4, when the regulatory interest rate increases by 1%, the market interest rate increases by 0.2269%. This shows a positive relationship of regulatory interest rate and market interest rate. In addition, for the period 2012Q1-2016Q4, the research team added trend variables and for the period 2017Q1-2022Q4 the research team added trend variables and dummy variables to the regression model. It also proves that the market interest rate in the research period is governed by the trend and volatility of the economy. From the research results, the research team made several exchanges and discussions to improve the effectiveness of the interest rate management policy in order to achieve the goal of stabilizing the macro economy and supporting economic growth.

Enlightened Moderation Policy of Musharraf Regime: A Critical Review in Preemption and Pseudo Vision (1999-2008)

Enlightened Moderation was infected, a corporeal or forced article on Pakistan in order to counter the global challenges. The 9/11 incident created a lot of threats in all over the world, so every nation tried herself to encounter the terrorism in their own way. Pakistan, under the Musharraf Rule came forward with some preemptive measures. They were, by some critics, were termed as ‘preemption in pseudo-vision’. He developed those policies in order to transform the religious extremist elements into the Enlightened and moderated members of society. General Musharraf’s role as Head of the State was crucial as he had to go on the voyage of transformation of the society through social cum educational reforms leading to the modernization of the country. In addition, those policies mainly targeted old-fashioned madrassa education, more focused and extensive female education, soft image of the country with “Sab Se Pehlay Pakistan (Pakistan First)” slogan. There were many reports to analyze the performance of the government on different scales. This paper will deliberate the different aspect of this umbrella policy with the tag of ‘Enlightened moderation and also the challenges faced by the state in its implementation and effects in future at national level.

Некоторые проблемные аспекты исполнения судебных актов в современной России

The issues of making a court decision, as well as its execution, are related to such institutions as the imposition of punishment, and the execution of judicial acts. To date, the issues of execution of the court decision are assigned to various executive authorities. Within the framework of the conducted research, the author analyzes the state of execution of adopted judicial acts in Russia. The study showed that there are problems in the activities of executive authorities, indicating the inef􀏐iciency of the system of execution of judicial acts. This provision explains the relevance of the issue under study and indicates the insuf􀏐iciency of the executive discipline of individual state authorities. The author analyzes the existing problems regarding the execution of court decisions, identi􀏐ies the possibility of legislative evasion from such execution. In this connection, the author suggests measures to improve this direction of state policy in order to stabilize public relations in the 􀏐ield of execution of court decisions, since timely and proper execution of court decisions testi􀏐ies to the protection of the rights of citizens and legal entities, maintains the image of the judicial system and ensures the normal state of the economic and legal situation in the state. Аlso proposes speci􀏐ic changes to the current legislation aimed at stabilizing and ef􀏐iciency of the activities of executive authorities for the implementation and enforcement of court decisions.

Decoding the Profitability of Insurance Products: A Novel Approach to Evaluating Non-Participating and Participating Insurance Policies

This study presents a novel approach to analyzing the present value of total profit for non-participating and participating insurance policies in order to determine the optimal profitability of non-participating and participating insurance policies based on applying the approach used in operations research to the field of finance. As such, a comprehensive insurance product evaluation model was developed using both mathematical models and numerical analysis to evaluate the demand for non-participating and participating life insurance policies in response to changes in interest rates. The findings indicate that non-participating life insurance policies offer greater solvency for insurance companies compared to participating policies. The study also highlights the significance of spontaneous and induced demand in determining the total profit of both types of policies. The study concludes that life insurance companies should focus on generating spontaneous consumer demand, reducing induced demand, and implementing the optimal pricing strategy to achieve maximum profits.

Vietnam's position on Russia's special military operation

This article examines the Socialist Republic of Vietnam's position on Russia's Special Military Operation. The study analyses the dynamics of Hanoi's official statements and identifies factors influencing its position, as well as examines the position of Vietnamese society. The article draws on a variety of sources, including Russian, Vietnamese and Western media sources. The author points out the need to consider the basic principles of the Vietnam foreign policy in order to better understand its position on the issue. It concludes by stressing the importance of Vietnam's flexible diplomacy in a complex geopolitical situation and maintaining neutrality in the conflict.

Integration of knowledge and local wisdom for disaster resilience in Anak Krakatau volcano.

The integration of knowledge and local wisdom can fulfil the resilience process in terms of preparedness and after effect of natural hazards. These integrations must be evaluated for disaster mitigation policies in order to develop and implement a comprehensive disaster mitigation plan for the community.

Policy Implementation of The Jogo Tonggo Program In Tempelan, Blora District, Blora Regency

To manage with Covid-19, the Governor of Central Java took a policy by issuing Governor's Instruction Number 1 of 2020 concerning Community Empowerment in Accelerating Covid-19 Response at the Community Unit Level (RW) through the Establishment of the Jogo Tonggo Task Force. This article aims to analyze the Implementation of the Jogo Tonggo Program in Tempelan Village, Blora Regency. The Jogo Tonggo movement developed and officially became a community activity unit to overcome the Covid-19 pandemic at the village level in Central Java Province. Tempelan Village is one of the villages with a relatively high positive case of Covid-19. This research uses qualitative research and data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this research are as follows: (a) Communication Aspects, the delivery of tiered information between the bureaucracy is good (b) Aspects of Resources, the parties involved in the implementation of Jogo Tonggo in Tempelan Village are the Head of hamlet as the head of the task force, with representatives being all heads of a neighbourhood, PKK, youth organizations, Linmas and all residents (c) The attitude of the implementers of Jogo Tonggo in Tempelan Village is good, supports each other and coordinates (d) Aspects of Bureaucratic Structure. The jogo tonggo task force characteristics are social and humanitarian, cooperation, and work non-permanently, meaning that the Jogo Tonggo task force exists only during a covid-19 pandemic. Cooperation and coordination run smoothly, both government and non-government/private institutions. For this reason, it is necessary to further develop the implementation of community empowerment-based policies in order to further strengthen social cohesion capital.

Inventory Policies and Supply Chain Coordination under Logistics Route Disruption Risks

Predictable logistics disruptions due to scheduled lockdowns for large-scale events such as the Olympic Games may not only reduce supply chain profits, but also increase carbon emissions. To help solve these problems, an emergency transit policy to be applied to the logistics path is an effective solution. However, optimal inventory control is needed. This paper proposes an optimization model to control ordering and inventory policies for decentralized and centralized supply chains. The model considers the logistics path damping coefficient, the logistics path acceleration coefficient, and the vehicle loading capacity ratio in emergency transit. Our major findings include the following. First, supply chain profits under centralization are confirmed to be higher than under decentralization. Second, a price discount mechanism can achieve supply chain coordination. Third, the manufacturers in a centralized supply chain are more inclined to choose a logistics path with a high acceleration coefficient in order to let their cargo arrive quickly and to reduce the impact of the lead time demand fluctuations. Finally, the implications of our research results for carbon emission reductions are discussed.

The effect of historic redlining on firearm violence

BackgroundFirearm homicides disproportionately affect young Black men, which in turn have lasting impact of communities of color as a whole. Previous cross-sectional studies have highlighted the role of discriminatory housing policies on the incidence of urban firearm violence. We sought to estimate the effects of racist housing policies on firearm incidence. MethodsFirearm incident data were obtained from the Boston Police Department and point locations spatially joined with vector files outlining the original 1930 Home Owner Loan Corporation (HOLC) Redlining maps. A regression discontinuity design was used to assess the increased rate of firearm violence crossing from historically “desirable” neighborhoods (Green) to historically “hazardous” neighborhoods (Red and Yellow) based on HOLC definitions. Linear regression models were fit on either side of the geographic boundaries with firearm incidents graphed at varying distances and the regression coefficient calculated at the boundary. ResultsCrossing from desirable to Red hazardous designation there was a significant discontinuity with an increase of 4.1 firearm incidents per 1,000 people (95% CI 0.68,7.55). Similarly, when crossing from desirable areas to the Yellow hazardous designation there was a significant discontinuity and increase of 5.9 firearm incidents per 1,000 people (95% CI 1.85,9.86). There was no significant discontinuity between the two hazardous HOLC designations (coefficient -0.93, 95% CI -5.71, 3.85). ConclusionsThere is a significant increase in firearm incidents in historically redlined areas of Boston. This suggests that interventions should focus on downstream socioeconomic, demographic, and neighborhood detriments of historically discriminatory housing policies in order to address firearm homicides.

Digitalization of Green Economy Policy Model in Provincial Government

Most of the development has only focused on increasing economic productivity without looking at the impacts, namely environmental damage and increasing poverty levels. This study aims to analyze the extent to which public officials understand the Green Economy Policy, identify its design at three levels of the leadership, and to analyze this digitalization model that can increase the levels of awareness. The method used in this research is descriptive and qualitative with an ex-post analysis technique toward green economy policies implemented through green growth education and training curricula. Based on the data obtained, this study found that public officials in the Government of East Kalimantan Province have an awareness of the importance of green policies. However, no differences were observed in the design of the development policy model at each leadership levels. In addition, the internalization of the Green Economy Policies remains partial at a certain level due to limitations in its implementation strategy. Thus, this study recommends the need for a clear focus on the implementation of Green Economy Policy models at each leadership level as well as the internalization of digital-based Green Economy Policies in order to reach wider and faster policy targets.
 Keywords: pro green policy, level of awareness, development policy model

Village Funds Policy and its Impact on Improvement and Autonomy Status of Villages in Indonesia

”End poverty in all its forms everywhere” is the ultimate goal and crucial element of the world’s SDGs 2030 transformative agendas, as well as in Indonesia. The COVID-19 pandemic has hindered Indonesia from achieving its SDGs targets and reducing poverty, including rural poverty. The village funds policy sourced from the state budget is one of the policies that aims to alleviate rural poverty; thus, there will be a reduction of disadvantageous villages and an enhancement of self-sustained villages in Indonesia. This study aims to investigate the impact of village funds on the improvement and autonomy status of villages in Indonesia. It utilizes a quantitative method, namely linear regression of panel data using the Village Building Index (VBI) as the dependent variable and village funds as the independent variable over 2018-2021 in each regency/city in Indonesia. The result suggests that the village fund policy, through the 10% allocation of the state budget, has a positive and significant effect on changes in the improvement and autonomy status of the villages in Indonesia. The finding using the model (lin-log) tells us that a 1% increase in village funds will raise the VBI by 0.0013. This indicates that the village funds policy has contributed to the achievement of rural poverty alleviation goals, or it could be a pro-poor policy in order to achieve the purpose of the 1st SDGs goal.
 Keywords: SDGs, poverty, village funds policy, improvement and autonomy status of villages

Understanding complex dynamics in inventory management with endogenous demand under social interactions: a chaos perspective

This paper investigates the system dynamics and performances of a deterministic inventory model with endogenous demand transitions determined by consumers' purchase behaviours and managers' order decisions under social interactions. With known demand transitions, the manager makes order decisions to maximise the single-period profit by the optimal order policy or commits to a fixed quantity by the constant order policy. With unknown demand transitions, the demand-chasing order policy is adopted. The impacts of various endogenous factors on the system dynamics and performances are examined. It is found that the equilibrium demand can exhibit stability, periodic cycles, and chaos in the long-run dynamics. Strong social interactions can lead to instabilities in demand processes and impair the profitability of the inventory system. The value of information on endogenous demand transitions increases if social interaction intensities and/or sizes of loyal customers become larger. The results suggest that endogenous factors stemming from managers' decision-making, consumers' purchase behaviours, and their interplay can cause persistent and unpredictable demand fluctuations leading to instability and profit losses. Managers should understand the underlying causes of demand variations and the impacts of endogenous factors to improve operational effectiveness in inventory management.

Influence of Dockless Shared E-Scooters on Urban Mobility: WTP and Modal Shift

Land use largely depends on the traffic policy of a city. The appearance of e-scooters can greatly affect the visual distribution of transportation, and thus the occupation of land, primarily in the central areas of cities. E-scooters as a shared micro-mobility service have become widespread worldwide since 2017. The advent of e-scooters has made changes in travel habits, especially in the central parts of big cities. However, many issues are focused on e-scooter shared mobility management policies. One of the important issues is the price of renting an e-scooter, on which the percentage of users who use e-scooters largely depend. In order to determine willingness to pay for e-scooter dockless shared mobility, a survey was conducted in the city of Belgrade (Serbia, Europe) on the willingness of participants to use this mode of transport for commuting and other travel purposes depending on the price of renting an e-scooter. The results showed that price plays an important role in the willingness of participants to use an e-scooter. The paper presents mathematical models, which include the cost of renting an e-scooter and the percentage of participants who would accept this type of transport. These mathematical models can help a decision maker to determine the pricing policy in order to maximize the profit from renting an e-scooter, as well as to influence modal shift in order to reduce car-dependent trips.

The dual-credit policy effectively replaces subsidy from the perspective of R&D intensity

The dual-credit policy and government subsidy are the two fundamental policies affecting the electric vehicle industry in China. We focus on exploring how these two policies have different impacts on R&D intensity of upstream raw material companies, midstream power battery manufacturers, and downstream vehicle manufacturers. Based on the panel data of listed companies, the empirical results show that the dual-credit policy directly improves the R&D intensity of downstream vehicle manufacturers. Moreover, the positive effect spills over to upstream raw material enterprises. However, this effect does not seem sustainable. Government subsidy improves R&D intensity of battery manufacturers and vehicle manufacturers, but it has no significant effect on upstream raw material enterprises. In addition to directly improving R&D intensity of vehicle manufacturers, the dual-credit policy also negatively moderates the effect of government subsidy on R&D intensity for downstream vehicle enterprises, so the dual-credit reduces the dependence of vehicle manufacturers on government subsidy and mitigates the negative impact of subsidy decline on vehicle manufacturers. To address the issue of the unsustainable positive effects, the government should establish more ambitious dual-credit policy targets and tighten the implementation of dual-credit policy in order to rectify the oversupply issue in the new energy vehicle credit market.

Indonesian Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy promotion strategy during the covid-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic that has occurred throughout the world has caused enormous damage to the world economy, including Indonesia. The Indonesian tourism industry has suffered heavy losses due to restrictions on travel, both domestically and internationally, and the prohibition of mass gatherings. During the pandemic, a series of new policies and rules were made to prevent the transmission of the virus. At the same time, there was an increase in the use of gadgets, social media, and the internet, which caused doubt, fear, and uncertainty for tourists to travel as negative news spreads. Tourism has a negative image that must be improved through a series of innovative programs that provide tourists with health concerns to lower the risk of transmission. Through social media, tourism industry must be keen to see opportunities to bounce back through a series of promotional strategies and innovations in carrying out 'New Normal.' Using descriptive qualitative methods and data triangulation process from an interview, observation, and document analysis, this paper will discuss a series of techniques carried out by Indonesia Ministry Of Tourism and Creative Economy (IMOTCE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The result found that during pandemic, IMOTCE had multiple key-message delivered through YouTube video in Pesona Indonesia. These key-messages were based on situation and government policy in order to stop COVID-19 outbreak.

Clustering retail stores for inventory transshipment

Rapid growth in the world of e-commerce is forcing traditional retailers to rethink their operational efficiency and revenue/cost streams. Retailers are facing increasing pressure to better utilize in-store inventory and reduce end-of-season markdowns. Transshipments between stores can re-balance inventory levels while preventing shortages and backorders. However, the joint inventory and transshipment problem is difficult to optimize in an extensive network, and many retailers lack the capital and managerial bandwidth required to create a system capable of transshipments between any two stores in a network of hundreds. We consider two multi-location newsvendor problems with reactive and proactive transshipments, respectively. We propose clustering stores into transshipment groups while considering both demand correlation and physical distance between locations. Since minimizing demand correlation does not follow the triangle inequality, we introduce two modified clustering algorithms that outperform existing algorithms for distance- and correlation-based clustering. For a given set of clusters, we mathematically model these two problems considering total system profit. In addition, we quantify the performance of distance-based and correlation-based clustering under several inventory ordering and transshipment policies to show the robustness of our results. To verify our methods, we test the proposed methodology using grocery sales data from IRi over three years in Houston and Dallas, TX and liquor licensee purchase information over three years from the Iowa state government. We present correlation, transshipment, and profitability analysis. We show that when demand correlation is present and stable over time, clustering based on demand correlation can maintain high transshipments and profits while decreasing solution complexity.

Трансформация политики южнороссийских регионов в условиях внешних шоков

Introduction. The need to respond to external shocks determines the adjustment of state policy in order to maintain a stable socio-economic situation in the regions. This study aims to determine how the political strategy of solving the problems of increasing political stability and economic security is changing in the regions in the face of growing economic pressure from Western countries, as well as evaluate the effectiveness of the measures taken. Methodology and methods. The object of the study was the Volgograd and Rostov regions. Research methods included: a systematic approach to the analysis of the economic policy of the region as an integral component of ensuring national security in the face of external shocks; context analysis of documents adopted by the legislative authorities of the regions in relation to the implementation of economic policy; and a comparative analysis of indicators of economic security in the regions. As indicators characterizing the effectiveness of economic policy measures, indicators of the economic security of the region, formed in the context of the goals and directions laid down in the Economic Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, were used. Analysis. The results of the analysis showed that, from the point of view of maintaining economic security, the measures to support capitalist relations associated with the increment of the total assets of the region showed the greatest effectiveness. At the same time, there is a clear shortage of state support instruments in the social sphere. Results. It was found that the political goals of the authorities in the face of increasing current shocks have shifted from “adaptation as a way of survival”, characteristic of the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, to “ensuring economic security through renewal.” At the same time, a significant role in the implementation of political strategies of public administration in the regions was assigned to new practices of subsidiarity with a focus on strengthening cooperation between authorities, local communities, and the private sector. It is concluded that the ways of adapting the South Russian regions to current challenges involve the further development of intra-regional interactions among a wide range of agents, with special attention to the role of formal and informal institutions in solving the problems of ensuring economic security. Authors’ contribution. I.V. Mitrofanova: development and substantiation of the concept, interpretation and generalization of research results, formulation of conclusions, design and editing of the manuscript; O.A. Chernova: formation of methodology, development of research design, context analysis of documents accepted by regional authorities, design and editing of the manuscript.

The Extent Individuals Are Willing to Undertake Energy Efficiency Measures: Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract This paper studies the extent individuals are willing to undertake energy efficiency measures, with evidence coming from a developing country (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The goal of this paper is to analyze energy-savings behaviors, aiming to understand what is typically meant under the term energy efficiency, who is more likely to know the meaning, and the extent individuals are willing to undertake some energy efficiency measures. The sample size used in this paper is a random stratified sample of 1,415 individuals coming from various backgrounds. Our logistic regression models found no statistically significant predictor across all ten measures used in the study. However, past experience, age, and being married are relatively common across these ten energy-saving behaviors. These results might be beneficial in defining policies in order to promote energy-saving behaviors.

Entrepreneurship Marketing Development Model To Improve SMEs Economic Performance In Semarang

The empowerment of SMEs (micro small and enterprises) in the midst of globalization and high competition with ASEAN Economic Community (MEA) is expected to be an opportunity to exploit ASEAN regional policy in order to develop market as market player as its market. SMEs (micro small and enterprises) should be able to face various challenges, such as increasing product and service innovation, human resource and technology development, and expanding marketing. Marketing is a fundamental issue for small entrepreneurs. An important aspect of marketer is examined in the context of entrepreneurial efforts to see how marketing theory fits into the practice of entrepreneurship. But in the globalization era with the development of information technology is the essence, it is necessary development of entrepreneurship marketing that is able to reach all consumer in the world, that is through internet marketing or e-commerce. This research seeks to get a model of entrepreneurship marketing development in an effort to improve the performance of MSMEs (micro small and medium enterprises) in Semarang City. The hypothesis is tested using SEM analysis by estimating PLS parameters to assess the outer model and measurement model as well as assess the inner model. Based on the result, development of effective e-commerce has a positive influence on SMEs performance. But, entrepreneur marketing was rejected even though it has a positive influence on E-Commerce Development. This is because of the lack of understanding of the concepts, strategies, methods and market intelligence of the SMEs in Semarang.

Occupied Territories and the Exceptions to WTO and EU Rules on grounds of Public Morality, Public Order and Public Policy

This article discusses whether restrictions on trade with occupied territories imposed by national or sub-national authorities are permitted under exceptions to WTO and EU free trade rules on grounds of public morality, public order or public policy. The relevant provisions have a common origin and similarities in their terms. However, our analysis finds significant differences in their interpretation and application. Restrictions on trade with occupied territories are unlikely to be permitted on these grounds under WTO rules unless there is a strong justification for the restrictions in all the circumstances and they do not discriminate between different territories where relevant conditions are similar. By contrast, such restrictions are unlikely to be permitted under EU law if adopted unilaterally by an EU member state or sub-national authority. The different approaches and potentially different outcomes reflect the different priorities of the WTO and the EU. The primary objective of the WTO is to remove barriers and discrimination in international trade in a diverse global economy in which countries with differing values and alliances participate. By contrast, the highest priority of the EU is the integration of the economies and societies of its member states. Occupied territories, WTO, EU, free trade, exceptions, public morality, public order, public policy, discrimination, common commercial policy