Policy In Kazakhstan Research Articles

ШКОЛьНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА: ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И ПРОГНОЗ РАЗВИТИЯ

For the sustainable development of society and the realization of the goal of improving the qualityof education, it becomes important to define and develop not only the state policy in the field of education,but also the school policy of the republic as a whole and of each secondary educational institutionof the republic too. In this article, we examine the structure and generalize the types of school policy inKazakhstan. The purpose of the article is to develop the structure of school policy and to generalize theexperience of modern Kazakhstan schools in defining school policy, to offer recommendations for thedevelopment of school policy.School policy is defined in two levels of implementation and development: state school policy andthe school policy of the institution. The school policy of the institution is determined by the state schoolpolicy and is changed in accordance with the specifics of the type of the particular school. The structureof the school policy is determined by the elements – personnel policy, academic and methodical policy,upbringing policy, distributive and resource policy. At the level of the state school policy, the “Generalstrategies and priorities for the development of school education” are additionally set out. At the policylevel of a particular school – “School traditions and strategies and directions for the development of aparticular school”, taking into account the features of the school.In the article recommendations for the developmento of school policy of Kazakshan are offered.Key words: school policy, academic policy, school, personnel policy, academic and methodicalpolicy, upbringing policy.

The Great Game that Never Ends: China emerges as leading player in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan occupies a unique geopolitical position in Eurasia. Kazakhstan has gradually emerged as a regional power as a result of its economic progress and „multi-vector‟ foreign policy. China‟s policy in Kazakhstan is linked to its larger strategic and geo-political interests following the disintegration of the former USSR. China‟s economic policy is also largely based on its energy security needs and search for a market for its finished goods. Simultaneously, there is also a fear among Chinese policy makers with regard to the „opening up „of its north western frontier towards the Muslim Republics of Central Asia as it involves the risk of Islamic fundamentalism and cross-border ethnic separatism that may pose grave threat to China‟s national security. China has achieved a significant advantage over any potential competitor and has created an important infrastructure base in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan‟s foreign cooperation with Russia or the West will no longer change this trend of increased interaction with China.

Resources of Soft Power in the Foreign Policy of Kazakhstan

Resources of Soft Power in the Foreign Policy of Kazakhstan

PERFORMANCE OF KAZAKHSTAN’S AGRIFOOD MARKET

This paper focuses on foodmarket performance and analysis of Kazakhstan experiences with developing agriculture. In the paper the theoretic aspects of industry market performance, background of agriculture with emphasis on agrifood market is given. Examples from Kazakhstan’s experiences with development of the agrifood sector, and data from Kazakhstan Committee on Statistics are used. The result of analysis indicate that Kazakhstan has to develop the non-primary sector of the food supply chain in order to make it more competitive in global competition. Steps in this direction have already been taken by the agricultural policy of Kazakhstan. However, it is recommended that various issues must be addressed by the government, including the improvement of product quality and the creation of national brands, infrastructure development, creation of conditions for improving the technical support of agricultural production. Agriculture as the main activity of the rural population needs support. In this case indicators of agrifood market performance should be assessed.

Assessment of Approaches to Industrialization Issues in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China

This article presents the results of study which purpose was to conduct a comparative analysis of economic methods for state regulation in the field of industrial development of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China. The study identified the stages of industrial policy in Kazakhstan and China, a comparison of approaches “China Manufacturing 2025” State Program of China and the State program of industrial-innovative development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, identified specific and common mechanisms. The specific methodological approach is the use of complex criteria analysis of industrial and innovation policy of the states at the present stage, taking into account the country context, development and external calls. The empirical basis for the analysis were the results of investigations conducted within the research “Development of theoretical and methodological foundations of corporate governance by regional technical higher educational institution in the conditions of industrial-innovative development of Kazakhstan”, performed by grant funding from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The Legal Framework of the Operation of Religious Associations in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The Republic of Kazakhstan is a secular state, which task is to prevent inter-religious conflict. To accomplish this, Kazakhstan is pursuing a policy of equality of all religions with activities governed by the laws of the republic. In this paper, the authors analyzed the Kazakhstani model of legal regulation of relations in the sphere of religion, as well as the gained experience. As a result, the specific legislative and practical measures have been isolated due to which the Republic of Kazakhstan established a peaceful interfaith and intra relations with religious associations. Thus, this article aims to fill the existing gap – analysis of the current legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account the innovations and improvements in recent years, made a religious policy of Kazakhstan unified, efficient and create favorable conditions for the further development of this sphere.

LIBERALIZATION OF CAPITAL ACCOUNTUNDER INTEGRATION

The article summarizes countries’ approaches to the liberalization of capital accountincluding CEE countries before their accession to the European Union – in pre- accession. The main steps on the way of capital liberalization are identified: the removing of restrictions on FDI before the liberalization of financial flows; the preference for the liberalization of capital inflows against capital outflows; the primary liberalization of long- term capital flows against short-term flows. The financial liberalization experience in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in the context of regional integrationis considered. As it is known, Uzbekistanhas always stayed away from the projects of economic integration. As a result, this country has a less developed domestic exchange market.In contrast, an active integration policy of Kazakhstan has become the driving force behind the liberalization of exchange regulation.

Military Professionalization Programs in Kazakhstan and the United States: How to Implement and What Will We Gain?

IntroductionU.S. policy in Kazakhstan is one of the strongest examples of successful defense cooperation with a non-NATO country. In recent years, however, the country’s importance to U.S. strategy has diminished because of the drawdown of the Global War

Geographical Aspects of Organizing Natural Resource Management Structure in Kazakhstani Section of a New Economic Zone of the Silk Road

The project of a new economic zone of the Silk Road is more important for China in comparison with the Great Silk Road in the past epoch. This initiative should be rightly regarded as a focus of foreign policy of China in the forthcoming years, which covers a significant part of Eurasia. Kazakhstan is a key country of the new economic zone of the Silk Road and its territory will be subjected to the respective loads on natural and economic system, which will result in the need for the development of a mechanism of protection against negative influence of anthropogenic factors. In another scenario, the Chinese side will consider the Kazakhstani section of the Silk Road only as a transit zone, which does not meet the expectations of the Kazakhstani side and will require the development of cost-effective options of calculations for sustainable socio-economic development. At various stages of implementation of the new economic zone of the Silk Road project, the main objective is to preserve the terrain- ecological sustainability of the Silk Road zone in the areas of intensive techno genic and agricultural impacts on terrains. In view of these circumstances, in respect of the new economic zone of the Silk Road development, the policy of Kazakhstan should distinguish in a specific, flexible approach that foresees the implementation of the principle of gradual accession of Kazakhstan into global technological chains with maximal efficient natural resource use.

New strategy for public health policy in Kazakhstan

New strategy for public health policy in Kazakhstan

Societal culture and the changing role of school principals in the post-Soviet era

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of societal and cultural factors on the practices and perceptions of school principals in Kazakhstan. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on empirical data collected in Kazakhstan over two years in the course of an international, collaborative, multi-stranded project. Findings The findings support the claim that educational policies and practice are deeply embedded in the national culture, which is an evolving mixture of traditional Kazakh, Russian and diverse ethnic, Soviet and paternalistic cultures. These various societal characteristics exemplify various aspects of the tensions between traditional forms of social organisation, the Soviet legacy, and the sort of educational development promoted by Western educational and international organisations, which now plays an important role in Kazakhstan. Research limitations/implications The analysis, though limited in scope, has nevertheless yielded insights into important differences and similarities amongst rural and urban schools and explored the effects of societal cultural factors that shape the practices of school leaders on the periphery of the system. Originality/value The paper provides an empirically grounded illustration of the way in which societal culture and cultural norms shape the role of school principals, and how schools cope with a top-down policy in Kazakhstan. By contrasting the norms that shape both existing practice and the reform agenda, the paper offers some explanations for how cultural norms represent both strengths and weaknesses when applied to the process of change in a post-Soviet context.

Political, Interparty and Moral Crisis of the “War Communism” Policy in Kazakhstan 1920-1922

The article deals with the implementation of the complex of political and socio-economic measures of the Soviet state, called the policy of “war communism” in the cities of the Steppes and Turkestan in 1918-1921. Based on materials gleaned from various sources, the author endeavours to explore the processes of socialization and municipalization of private houses and dwellings, the nationalization of private property, which took place in the cities of the KazASSR and tassr; highlight some of the issues related to the subject policy of “war communism” in the cities of Kazakhstan. Various restrictive decrees and orders of the Soviet power in this period, aimed at limiting commodity-money relations and the prohibition of the right to private property put people into a rigid framework of survival. Approved in the sphere of public life, the ideology of “war communism” inevitably left its mark on the life of the city. This ideology was a special sociocultural phenomenon, strengthening other social psychology and ethics which propagandized the need to destroy the old “bourgeois” culture and create a new “proletarian culture”. “War Communism” as opposed to “bourgeois individualism” principles of the socialist community, broske vital foundations of society. A characteristic feature of this period is the legitimization of violence and its use as a universal remedy of solving all problems. Under the pressure of revolutionary changes the sense of justice in society underwent considerable transformation. The right to inviolability of private property was completely ignored. The ruling regime no longer recognized the existing legal mechanisms, replacing them with the amorphous concept of “revolutionary legality.”

Regional convergence in Kazakhstan

This article studies sigma- and beta-convergence across the regions of Kazakhstan over the period of 1993–2014. The results of the article show that incomes across the regions of Kazakhstan diverged over the whole period of 1993–2014 and the period of 1993–2006, and converged during the period of 2006–2014. However, after controlling for the rate of investment and population growth it is evident that regional convergence occurred over the whole period of 1993–2014. This would suggest that since private investment in Kazakhstan is heavily influenced by the availability of natural resources in the regions, regional policy in Kazakhstan should be directed towards shifting away from a resource-based growth model to an alternative growth model.

Human Resources: Migration Processes in Kazakhstan

Background/Objectives: This article covers the peculiarities of human resource development in the Republic of Kazakhstan, factors influencing the development of human resources, economic growth and migration processes in the country. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The author analyzes population statistics by regions, in particular, giving information about the proportion of human resources in the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period of 2010-2015, as well as migration statistics. The laws and regulations governing the migration policy in Kazakhstan are also analyzed. Findings: As a result of the study, the author formulated theoretical positions and recommendations for improving the current legislation in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the sphere of human resources development and migration processes. Applications/Improvements: In order to prevent the criminal effects of illegal migration and the degradation of human resources, it is necessary to develop a set of measures aimed at preventing the causes of migration and to create in the migration donor countries favorable conditions for migrants' stay, access to education, employment, health care and population control.

Русский язык в мультикультурном пространстве Казахстана: государственная политика и общественные настроения

The article examines issues associated with the functioning of the Russian language in Kazakhstan. Considering the fact that this country is multinational, the issue of intercultural communication is always relevant. There is a need to address intercultural communication as part of the development of state language policy. It is noted that there are four stages in the development of language policy in Kazakhstan. Having analysed the stages of language policy formation, the author concludes that the Russian language in Kazakhstan has held a different position depending on the geopolitical, social, economic, migration and demographic conditions prevailing in Kazakhstan. The current linguistic and cultural situation is characterised by the development of Kazakh-Russian bilingualism, which manifests itself in various spheres of communication. The introduction of multilingual education in national schools makes it possible to draw certain conclusions and identify the positive and negative consequences of the project. The author argues that a language policy meant to protect the interests of speakers of different languages living in a multi-ethnic state may help solve linguistic contradictions.

Ко рей тү бе гін де гі Қaзaқстaнның қaзір гі сaясaты

Ко рей тү бе гін де гі Қaзaқстaнның қaзір гі сaясaты

ПОЛІТИКА ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОАЗІАТСЬКИХ ДЕРЖАВ (КАЗАХСТАНУ, ТУРКМЕНІСТАНУ І УЗБЕКИСТАНУ) В ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОМУ СЕКТОРІ

An important component of the ensuring the security of the states of the Central Asian region is the energy security because the energy resources are critically significant for the improving the quality of life and the expanding the opportunities for all countries in this region. Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are those countries which energy resources is an area of deep interest of extra-regional forces. In fact, energy security is a priority area of foreign policy of countries in the region that are trying to get the maximum benefit from the sale of their own oil and gas reserves. The energy resources Central Asia, primarily Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan, step up cooperation with countries such as China, Russia, USA and many others. Authors considers the peculiarities of energy policy of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, peculiarities of cooperation with external partners, as well as the problems that exist in the energy sector.

Но вая эко но ми чес кая по ли ти­ ка Ка за х стана «Нұр лы жол» в кон текс те взаим ной си нер гии с прог рам мой «Один пояс – один путь» Ки тайс кой На род ной Рес пуб ли ки

This article analyzes the relations between two countries in the context of mutual synergy of the new economic policy of Kazakhstan and China. Analyzed the effectiveness of the current economic and trade relations and predicted new horizons of mutual beneficial relations. Characterized modern relationship between China and Kazakhstan, and also is given analysis of inter-state relations in the context of the revival of the Silk Road. There mutually side of the Chinese leadership initiative “The Economic Belt of the Silk Road” for Kazakhstan and the importance of Kazakhstan’s policy to attract Chinese investment to diversify own economy.

Current Trends of Investment Climate in the Republic of Kazakhstan

1. Introduction Investment climate is an essential element of the business climate, which is largely formed by the state authorities in order to create an attractive environment for investors by introducing effective measures. Business environment in a particular country has great influence on the size of investments. These conditions are also called an investment climate. Important indicators of a favorable investment climate are guarantees of property rights, as well as the predictability and stability of business environment. It should be noted that the investment climate is closely associated with the investment policy and is an object of the impact of the investment policy. On the one hand, it determines the starting conditions for the development of investment policy, and on the other hand, it is its result. In this regard, the effectiveness of investment policy is measured by the degree of change in the investment climate to a more favorable direction. In turn, a more favorable investment climate influences the investment policy towards its further improvement. Investment policy, serving as a set of different activities, affects different (mostly subjective) components of the investment climate. It is actualized through the development and implementation of the strategy of investment activity regulation. In assessing the investment climate of Kazakhstan, the following factors are taken into account: abundant natural resources, agricultural and industrial potential, strategic location, political stability and absence of interethnic conflicts (Kaderova, 2011). Methods to assess the investment climate are very diverse. They are based on different economic, political and financial indicators, the totality of which defines the investment grade rating assigned to the country, region or city, which is an important indicator for investors, most of whom are not able to conduct independent detailed research, especially in other countries, and are guided by the assessment of rating agencies. Therefore, the rating increase is always associated with the influx of investment needed for economic growth. 2. Methodology There are many definitions of investment in the scientific literature. Some authors consider the investment as an input of financial resources in various (tangible and intangible) assets, while others define it as the cost of the funds aimed at reproduction, i.e. support and expansion of capital. Currently, the works of scientists refer investment to all types of property and intellectual values invested in objects of entrepreneurial and other activities. Perhaps the most common is the point of view that identifies investment with capital investments. In recent years, investments and investment policy in Kazakhstan have become urgent subjects of many scientific developments and research. However, investment saw increased attention of the scientists and practitioners from the second half of the 90s, while before that the most urgent issues in the economy were those of financial stabilization. The outbreak of the global financial crisis in the late 90s has necessitated a rethinking of many questions of economic policy of Kazakhstan. For a certain period of time, the government had to switch to the mobilization model of development. The priorities in foreign and domestic economic policies changed. All of this also requires making substantial changes in the investment policy of Kazakhstan, based on the realities of globalization and the crisis of the world economy, which sets new challenges for the economic and political science (Nigmatulin, 1999). On the basis of theoretical and methodological research, the article reveals the essence of investment and investment climate in the country, justifies the state's role in regulating the investment climate and the creation of favorable conditions for attracting domestic and foreign investment. …

Conceptual Basis of the Creation of the Museum of National Education History

In an article, actual problem of modern educational policy of Kazakhstan is considered, especially the need to use time-tested arsenal to ensure the priority development of the national education system. Novelty and promise of this article is that the authors give the conceptual content of the Museum. This concept of the museum identifies new strategic directions of cultural and educational activities for formation of Kazakhstan patriotism and national maintaining of spiritual values. Content is aimed at the development of value-semantic nature of the origins of the national science and education, which performs value-target and value-semantic functions. It provides an introduction to the values of the past, on this basis, contributes to the development of their own value orientations and defining goals and meanings of outreach.