Policy Implementation Strategies Research Articles

U.S. food policy to address diet-related chronic disease

Poor diet is the leading cause of mortality in the U.S. due to the direct relationship with diet-related chronic diseases, disproportionally affects underserved communities, and exacerbates health disparities. Evidence-based policy solutions are greatly needed to foster an equitable and climate-smart food system that improves health, nutrition and reduces chronic disease healthcare costs. To directly address epidemic levels of U.S. diet-related chronic diseases and nutritional health disparities, we conducted a policy analysis, prioritized policy options and implementation strategies, and issued final recommendations for bipartisan consideration in the 2023–24 Farm Bill Reauthorization. Actional recommendations include: sugar-sweetened beverage taxation, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) fruit and vegetable subsidy expansion, replacement of ultra-processed foods (UPF) with sustainable, diverse, climate-smart agriculture and food purchasing options, and implementing “food is medicine.”

A qualitative study exploring the opportunities and challenges of providing digital community pharmacy services for older people in England

Abstract Introduction Digital healthcare can be an innovative, cost-effective solution for the growing healthcare needs of an ageing population, enhancing service accessibility.[1] Older individuals tend to rely more on community pharmacy services, supported by research indicating positive health outcomes.[2] However, scant evidence exists regarding the impact of digital community pharmacy services on this demographic, emphasising the need for crucial investigations into their effectiveness. Aim Identify challenges and opportunities in delivering digital pharmacy services for older population in community pharmacies in England, from perspectives of policymakers and pharmacy service providers. Methods Between November 2022 and May 2023, online/telephone interviews were conducted with stakeholders including policymakers/commissioners and pharmacy service providers. Recruitment involved purposive and convenience sampling, with commissioners sourced through networks and pharmacy providers via gatekeepers in industry associations. Topics covered the current state of digital pharmacy services in England, implementation opportunities and challenges, and suggestions for enhancement. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using both inductive and deductive thematic approaches, assisted by NVivo 12 Plus. Themes comprised challenges and solutions in digital pharmacy service delivery and factors influencing user acceptance. Deductive analysis shaped the coding framework based on Davis’s Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Results Twelve interviews (three policy makers/commissioners [PM], four senior managers of community pharmacy [SM], five front-line community pharmacists [CP]) were completed. One of the interviewees was a female and all others were male. Their length of relevant employment in the field of community pharmacy ranged from three to seventeen years. The key findings indicated challenges in implementing digital pharmacy services to older populations may be due to unclear health policies and limited financial support for digital reforms to community pharmacy: “as a pharmacy we’ll take care of that, but we need to know that there will be funding for that before we go and do it all. I think there’s amazing things that can be done, but at local, small level, like a little community pharmacy, they just can’t afford to do the development” [SM1], and “so the majority of independent pharmacies, … they have paper prescriptions, so they’re not as technology based. I believe one, that’s because it’s money, so it’s funding. They get less funding” [CP4]. Interviewees highlighted that community pharmacists facing high workloads and time constraints, often prioritise other responsibilities over adopting new technologies: “unfortunately, there are a fair few demands on pharmacy team’s time at the moment, so where does promoting a digital priority fit on that long list of priorities and probably quite low down” [PM3]. They also expressed a need for additional technical training to effectively navigate digital pharmacy services. Conclusion This study provides insights into challenges in implementing digital pharmacy services for older people through diverse stakeholder perspectives, offering practical considerations for policy decisions, service design, and implementation strategies. Nevertheless, this study observes a deficient emphasis on deploying digital pharmacy services for older people. It is orientated towards a broader demographic, while those with specific medical conditions may receive pharmacy services more precisely. The applicability of this study may be limited, requiring region-specific research. Further research would be focusing on those over 50 in Greater Manchester aligns with the local community’s emphasis on ageing-related research, technology, and innovative ideas supported by academic institutions.

Acceptability and feasibility of policy implementation strategies for taxes earmarked for behavioral health services.

This study's aims are to: (1) Compare the acceptability and feasibility of five types of implementation strategies that could be deployed to increase the reach of evidence-based practices (EBPs) with revenue from policies that earmark taxes for behavioral health services, and (2) Illustrate how definitions of implementation strategies and measures of acceptability and feasibility can be used in policy-focused implementation science research. Web-based surveys of public agency and community organization professionals involved with earmarked tax policy implementation were completed in 2022-2023 (N = 211, response rate = 24.9%). Respondents rated the acceptability and feasibility of five types of implementation strategies (dissemination, implementation process, integration, capacity-building, and scale-up). Aggregate acceptability and feasibility scores were calculated for each type of strategy (scoring range 4-20). Analyses of variance compared scores across strategies and between organizational actor types. For acceptability, capacity-building strategies had the highest rating (M = 16.3, SD = 3.0), significantly higher than each of the four other strategies, p ≤ . 004), and scale-up strategies had the lowest rating (M = 15.6). For feasibility, dissemination strategies had the highest rating (M = 15.3, significantly higher than three of the other strategies, p ≤ .002) and scale-up strategies had the lowest rating (M = 14.4). Capacity-building and dissemination strategies may be well-received and readily deployed by policy implementers to support EBPs implementation with revenue from taxes earmarked for behavioral health services. Adapting definitions of implementation strategies for policy-focused topics, and applying established measures of acceptability and feasibility to these strategies, demonstrates utility as an approach to advance research on policy-focused implementation strategies.

Overcoming systemic and institutional challenges in policy implementation in South Africa's water sector

The water sector in South Africa is faced with numerous challenges, among which include; increased flooding and prolonged droughts caused by increased climate variability, rapid population growth, unsustainable water demands and withdrawals by various water users, deficiencies in institutional management and infrastructural maintenance, lack of political will with accompanying high levels of corruption and steady deteriorations in all sub-sectors of the economy. Other significant challenges include provision of water in rural communities, water pollution especially from poorly operated wastewater treatments works, acid mine drainage, nutrients from agriculture, siltation of dams. A combination of these factors has led to high levels of water scarcity and an immense burden on the water supply. However, it must be noted that in 1994, South Africa (SA) embarked on developing numerous policies and strategies to address water challenges. While some levels of success have been achieved in terms of policy formulation, there is, however, a lack of comprehensive coordination and synergy that cut across the broad objectives of these policies in meeting environmental, social and economic targets and aspirations. Additionally, the implementation of the policies and programmes is stalled by structural, systemic and institutional factors, coupled with new challenges arising from climatic variabilities. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods together with rapid appraisal of existing literature, we explore systemic and institutional factors impeding the implementation of policies and strategies designed to drive South Africa's water sector as envisaged within the National Development Plan of 2012. We argue that the water sector is faced with multifarious and interweaving challenges such as inadequate human capital, changes in climatic conditions, limited financial resources, infrastructural deficiencies largely linked to poor urban planning and rapid growth of informal settlements, rampant corruption and mismanagement, lack of stakeholders' involvement and compartmentalisation of institutions. This paper, therefore, recommends a community-based approach that enforces transparency and the participation of civil society, cross-sectoral cooperation and a broad range of stakeholders and decentralisation of policy implementation strategies.

The Intersection of Public Policy and Public Access: Digital Inclusion, Digital Literacy Education, and Libraries

This study aims to examine the state of digital inclusion and digital literacy education in Chinese libraries and provide recommendations for improvement. The background section emphasizes the crucial role of libraries in promoting digital inclusion and sustainable development, as well as the challenges and opportunities presented by the current digital landscape in China, such as the digital divide and regional disparities in internet access. To achieve the study’s objectives, we conducted analyses of relevant policies, public libraries, and library training programs using a mixed-methods approach. The results highlight the policy landscape, initiatives, and implementation strategies for promoting digital inclusion and literacy education, emphasizing the role of libraries in driving digital inclusion and fostering user engagement. Insights from a university library perspective showcase the role of academic libraries in promoting digital literacy education and training. The findings underscore the importance of digital inclusion and literacy in a digitized society and the crucial role of libraries and academic institutions in achieving these goals. The study advocates for libraries’ pivotal role in bridging digital gaps and enhancing literacy to foster an inclusive, equitable digital society and urges policy support.

Tax and price stability in selected African countries: A GARCH-MIDAS approach

Motivated by the debate on how best to use tax as a policy tool to fill the huge development financing gap in African countries on the one hand, and achieve price stability objective on the other hand, this paper examines the role of different tax measures in the predictability of price stability in selected African countries using a GARCH-MIDAS framework. We find that taxes contribute significantly to inflation volatility, albeit with mixed outcomes. While the results show that raising income, profits and capital gains tax for most African countries heightens inflation volatility, except for Madagascar, we also find that overall tax revenue and customs and other import duties tax had no significant impact on inflation volatility in most of the countries. We also record out-of-sample forecast gains in accounting for tax in the prediction of inflation volatility. For policy, the paper underscored the need for country-specific tax policy designs and implementation strategies. These may include to expand the tax net and improve efficiency of tax collection and administration (for countries where a further increase in tax rate could heighten inflation volatility or in addition consider a marginal increase in tax rate if tax is not a key predictor of inflation). The general policy option is to diversify and stabilize non-tax revenue streams for consistent funding of essential public goods and services and developmental initiatives.

Policy Strategy for Transaction Speed, Data Security and Regulation in the Banking Industry: A Case Study on Bank Jatim Karesidenan Kediri and the Impact of its Contribution to Bank Performance

Bank Jatim Karesidenan Kediri needs to improve customer data security by developing the right policy strategy. Policies that need to be implemented include multi clouds with homomorphic encryption, managerial security awareness with Big Data Solution vendor reputation, and the use of holistic data warehouses in data privacy health architectures. In addition, Bank Jatim needs to pay attention to banking regulations and restrictions on access to activities between countries to minimize data security risks and increase customer trust. This study uses quantitative design and interview and observation instruments to obtain reviews on delay conditions in transactions, customer data security, banking regulations, and benefits for Bank Jatim Karesidenan Kediri. implement appropriate policy strategies such as multi clouds with homomorphic encryption, managerial security awareness with Big Data Solution vendor reputation, and using holistic data warehouses in data privacy health architectures. In addition, Bank Jatim also needs to pay attention to banking regulations and limit access to activities between countries to minimize data security risks and increase customer trust. Through the implementation of the right policy strategy, it can improve financial performance, expand the reach of customer services, and maintain its position in the midst of today's banking industry competition. The implementation of policy strategies must be carried out accurately and agilely in order to optimize bank performance and performance.

How does green finance strategy foster the green transition? Based on the perspective of provinces’ green total factor productivity

China’s Green Finance (GF) policy has been making significant strides toward the transition from a resource-oriented society to one that is resource-conserving and environmentally sustainable. Policymakers are currently focused on increasing green output to facilitate the next stage of green financial growth. In this study, we use panel data from 30 Chinese provinces between 2011 and 2020 to empirically analyze GF’s effect on Green Total Factor Productivity (GTFP). Evidence reveals that GF has a significant positive effect on provincial GTFP by promoting investment in innovation and optimizing industrial structure. However, the positive impact of GF on GTFP can be mitigated by green technology innovation output, highlighting the need for collaborative strategies for GF policy implementation and technology advancement. Furthermore, with the expansion of fintech innovation, the reduction of carbon emissions, and the intensification of environmental regulation, the effect of GF on GTFP is even more pronounced.

Policy implementation strategies to address rural disparities in access to care for stroke patients.

Stroke systems of care (SSOC) promote access to stroke prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation and ensure patients receive evidence-based treatment. Stroke patients living in rural areas have disproportionately less access to emergency medical services (EMS). In the United States, rural counties have a 30% higher stroke mortality rate compared to urban counties. Many states have SSOC laws supported by evidence; however, there are knowledge gaps in how states implement these state laws to strengthen SSOC. This study identifies strategies and potential challenges to implementing state policy interventions that require or encourage evidence-supported pre-hospital interventions for stroke pre-notification, triage and transport, and inter-facility transfer of patients to the most appropriate stroke facility. Researchers interviewed representatives engaged in implementing SSOC across six states. Informants (n = 34) included state public health agency staff and other public health and clinical practitioners. This study examined implementation of pre-hospital SSOCs policies in terms of (1) development roles, processes, facilitators, and barriers; (2) implementation partners, challenges, and solutions; (3) EMS system structure, protocols, communication, and supervision; and (4) program improvement, outcomes, and sustainability. Challenges included unequal resource allocation and EMS and hospital services coverage, particularly in rural settings, lack of stroke registry usage, insufficient technologies, inconsistent use of standardized tools and protocols, collaboration gaps across SSOC, and lack of EMS stroke training. Strategies included addressing scarce resources, services, and facilities; disseminating, training on, and implementing standardized statewide SSOC protocols and tools; and utilizing SSOC quality and performance improvement systems and approaches. This paper identifies several strategies that can be incorporated to enhance the implementation of evidence-based stroke policies to improve access to timely stroke care for all patient populations, particularly those experiencing disparities in rural communities.

Virtual Workshops as an Effective and Engaging Policy Implementation Strategy: Lessons From the National Youth Sports Strategy.

Implementation is an important piece of effective policymaking, but connecting local organizations with federal policy can be challenging. A virtual workshop structure can help engage implementation partners, especially when in-person events are not possible. The workshops described here leveraged virtual outreach and facilitation methods to foster community engagement, forge connections, and build relationships at the regional, state, and local levels. This article focuses on five virtual workshops. The planning phase consisted of selecting the geographic scope of each workshop, developing outreach and facilitation materials, and supporting event logistics. The execution and summary phase included tailoring materials, hosting the events, and producing follow-up materials. Networking, resource sharing, collaboration, and active facilitation were employed to promote engagement. Registration for the virtual workshops included 223 individuals representing organizations in 28 states. Participants shared 133 resources. In a post-event evaluation, 93% of respondents indicated they could identify at least one new resource to support their efforts to increase youth sports participation in their community, and 94% indicated they plan to follow up and explore potential partnerships/collaborations with others they met or heard from at the workshop. Networking and resource sharing were identified as the most useful aspects of the workshops. With careful planning and collaboration, virtual workshops represent a useful community engagement mechanism to bring policy into practice. Creating events focused on the participant experience supports health promotion professionals, engages communities, and takes a policy off the page and out to the people.

Navigating China's carbon neutrality journey: insights from policy instruments and implementation strategies across provincial regions.

China's critical reliance on well-crafted public policies, coupled with the effective execution of central government directives at the local level, drives the achievement of the "dual carbon" goal including the peaking of CO2 emissions and attaining carbon neutrality. Therefore, examining policy records can unveil the holistic strategy for attaining carbon neutrality during the period of peak CO2 emissions; at the same time, it can also highlight the potential obstacles in policy implementation. In this study, we adopt a policy instruments perspective to investigate data related to policies addressing peak CO2 emissions across 29 provincial administrative regions in China. We apply Nvivo12 software to conduct a quantitative literature assessment and content analysis to establish a theoretical framework for the policy process. This framework encompasses dimensions such as political feasibility, regional coordination, attributes of low-carbon initiatives, and policy refinement. Subsequently, we employ the model to carry out a retrospective analysis of policy documents pertaining to peak CO2 emissions in China. Our research findings underscore the pivotal role of political feasibility in shaping policy effectiveness, while also highlighting the facilitative influence of regional coordination, shedding light on the essential synergy between provinces and cities in achieving emissions reduction goals. Similarly, the estimated results highlight the motivating impact of specific attributes within low-carbon initiatives. Moreover, policy enhancements are identified as a critical driver in advancing the path toward carbon neutrality. Consequently, to achieve the objective of carbon neutrality, it is imperative for every province and city to sequentially reach the peak of CO2 emissions. Our research offers a comprehensive "China strategy," providing valuable insights to guide future policy formulation and accelerate progress toward sustainable environmental objectives.

11.D. Round table: Anti-inflammatory vs. sustainable dietary patterns throughout the life course

Abstract Diet is well known to affect the risk of several chronic diseases throughout the life course, potentially through modulation of the inflammatory response. Chronic inflammation, which increases with age, may contribute to the development of various chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. In parallel, the environmental impact of diet varies substantially depending on the choice of food products and the underlying production systems. Adopting sustainable diets produces co-benefits for population health, but also for the environment by limiting greenhouse gas emissions and land use. However, these patterns may be deficient in micronutrients, and are not consistently associated with lower risk of chronic conditions throughout the life course. In particular, among children and adolescents, nutritionally adequate and appealing sustainable diets are important to promote healthy growth and to develop sustainable dietary habits. Therefore, we developed this workshop with the aim to explore the overlap and synergies between sustainable and anti-inflammatory diets at different stages in life. As dietary patterns provide a more complete overview of usual diet intake, in this panel we will (1) briefly present different methods that can be used to estimate dietary patterns and as an example, we will present previous results from inflammatory dietary patterns and their association with cognitive decline. Regarding adherence to sustainable diets, we will present results from (2) studies in adults (Danish Diet, Cancer and Health study) and their association to stroke, type 2 diabetes and overall mortality and (3) studies in children (‘Children of the 90s’ ALSPAC cohort) regarding their growth curves. Regarding challenges in policy implementation, we will present (4) an example of a co-creation strategy with students and chefs to develop innovative and healthy plant-based foods for school canteens. In the discussion part of the round table, we will focus on how to combine anti-inflammatory and sustainable diets to promote health across the life course and the potential strategies for policy implementation of these dietary patterns. The objectives of this workshop are (1) to discuss within a multidisciplinary set of experts the potential synergies between two very popular “healthy” dietary patterns and (2) to evaluate what are the main challenges of implementing dietary strategies based on these diets in different generations: among children who could potentially not have their needs fulfilled and among adolescents who might not accept such dietary changes, plus potential strategies for middle-aged and older adults. The added value is to bring domain experts together in a discussion space, where new knowledge can be generated, research gaps in this field can be highlighted and future interdisciplinary collaborations be fostered. Key messages • Some dietary factors might have an impact on chronic conditions through inflammatory pathways. Yet the overlap and synergies between sustainable and anti-inflammatory patterns is still not explored. • Sustainable diets may produce health benefits throughout the life course. Implementation strategies can be challenging, however innovative strategies in schools may be successful. Speakers/Panelists Patricia Chocano-Bedoya Institute of Primary Health Care, Bern, Switzerland Christina Dahm Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Jessica Laine Carmeli Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Margarita Kokkorou European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy

Policy Implementation Strategy of Link and Match for Vocational High School with Industry and the World of Work in Tangerang District, Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the implementation of the link and match policy for Vocational High Schools with Industry and the business world in Tangerang Regency, determine the causes of the low success of implementing this policy, and formulate a strategy for implementing the link and match policy for Vocational High Schools with Industry and the business world in Tangerang Regency. The research utilizes Goggin's policy implementation theory as its analytical framework. The research method employed is descriptive research, supplemented by strategic analysis through SWOT analysis. The study focuses on Vocational High Schools in the Tangerang Regency area and the Education and Culture Office in Banten Province. The findings of the research indicate that the implementation of the link and match policy for Vocational High Schools with the industry and the business sector in Tangerang Regency has not reached its full potential. The suboptimal implementation of the link and match policy can be attributed to subpar message content, ineffective message formats, and less-than-optimal leader perceptions. The weakest elements according to research are the content of the message, the indicator of the credibility of the message as a solution, and the resource costs on the perception of the leader. The strategy formulated to optimize the implementation of the Vocational School link and match policy with Industry, Business & Entrepreneurs in Tangerang Regency, is to implement a progressive or aggressive strategy.

Management staff's perspectives on intervention strategies for workplace violence prevention in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria: a qualitative study.

Health workers have increasingly become victims of workplace violence. However, negligible action has been given to developing workplace violence (WPV) prevention programs in hospital settings in low-middle-income countries. An effective workplace violence prevention program is crucial for preventing violence and managing the consequences of incidents. This study assessed management staff perspectives on intervention strategies for workplace violence prevention in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. A qualitative study design was employed to explore the intervention strategies for preventing and managing workplace violence at a tertiary health facility in southeast Nigeria. Six focus group discussions were conducted with thirty-eight management-level staff. The interview transcripts were manually coded according to six predefined constructs of workplace violence: creating interdisciplinary harmony and WPV experiences, causes, prevention, program/policy contents, and implementation strategies. A manual thematic analysis approach was adopted, and the results were presented as narratives. The findings revealed recognition, welfare, administrative control, and security as vital strategies for the WPV prevention program. The participants agreed that unanimity among staff could be promoted through respect for all cadres of staff and for people's perspectives (creating interdisciplinary harmony). Assaults and staff intimidation/victimization (experiences), attributed to unethical/poor health workers' behaviour and ethnic discrimination (causes), were viewed as preventable by ensuring patients'/caregivers' welfare through respectful and timely care and staff's welfare through incentives/remunerations and discouraging intimidation (prevention strategies). Furthermore, the staff expressed that the WPV program should employ administrative controls, including instituting WPV policy/unit, codes of ethics, and standard operating procedures across all workplace facets (program/policy contents), which should be implemented through awareness creation, enforcement of sanctions, and provision of appropriate and adequate security presence in the hospital (policy implementation strategies). Respect, patient/staff welfare, administrative control, and security are strong mechanisms to prevent workplace violence in tertiary hospitals. Hospital management should institutionalize workplace violence prevention programs/policies and ensure compliance.

Climate change and the livelihoods of food crop farmers in Lesotho: Lessons for the implementation of the national climate change adaptation strategy.

The vast majority of Lesotho's rural population is reliant on agriculture for survival. However, Lesotho, Southern Africa is extremely vulnerable to the effects of climate change, which has a negative impact on rural livelihoods. Furthermore, despite the fiscal challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, Lesotho's National Climate Change Policy Implementation Strategy has been hampered by implementation issues and has yet to be implemented. This sparked the necessity for this research, which aims to inform the government of Lesotho on how farmers are combating climate change in their own tiny way. This study employs a survey to gather data from 200 farmers from farming villages across the country's 10 regions. According to the findings of this study, farmers have experienced climate change in the areas of drying rivers, delayed on-set of rainfall, and excessive frost or cold. As a result of these events, farmers have experienced poorer agricultural yields, increased insect and disease attacks, and lower-than-normal harvests. The adaptation methods the farmers are using include the employment of indigenous technology for pest and disease control, fruit tree planting, conservation agriculture (water and soil conservation), and rainwater harvest storage for use during dry seasons. Some of these adaptation strategies are feared to cause further environmental challenges for Lesotho. Therefore, in order to enhance the lives of Lesotho's farmers, the government of Lesotho should consider implementing the National Climate Change Policy Implementation Strategy.

Advancing the science of policy implementation: a call to action for the implementation science field.

Public policies have been essential in addressing many of the most pressing public health problems in the USA and around the world. A large and convincing body of multidisciplinary research has established the impacts or effectiveness of public policies, such as smoke-free air laws and nutrition standards, on improving health outcomes and behaviors. Most of this research assumes that because an evidence-based policy is adopted or takes effect, it is implemented as intended. This assumption, however, is often incorrect. Like with clinical guidelines and other interventions, implementation science has an important role to play in promoting the uptake and implementation of evidence-based public policies that promote public health. To realize this potential, there remains a critical need to first establish a common understanding of what public policy is, the role of specific policies in the context of implementation (i.e., is it the evidence-based intervention or the implementation strategy?), and to establish an appropriate methodological foundation for the field of policy implementation science. We recommend that the field must evolve to (i) include policy experts and actors on policy implementation science study teams; (ii) identify theories, models, and frameworks that are suitable for policy implementation science; (iii) identify policy implementation strategies; (iv) adapt and/or identify study designs best suited for policy implementation science research; and (v) identify appropriate policy implementation outcome measures.

The Effectiveness of the Implementation of the ASN Corporate University Concept Integrated with the Knowledge Management System in the Development of Apparatus Human Resources

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of the concept of ASN Corporate University integrated with the Knowledge Management System in the development of human resources (HR) apparatus. The benefit of this research is to contribute ideas for government agencies in knowing the effectiveness of implementing the ASN Corporate University concept in the development of human resources for apparatus supported by an effective and appropriate Knowledge Management System policy. As well as providing benefits to the academic world, namely a contribution of knowledge and insight in terms of more appropriate policy implementation strategies by leaders in ministries, institutions, and local governments regarding the effectiveness of implementing the ASN Corporate University concept integrated with the Knowledge Management System in Apparatus HR development. The research method used is a mixed method. Analysis of the study conducted in the Yogyakarta area was a representation of the local government that has implemented the ASN Corporate University concept well. Data was collected by means of questionnaires, observations, and in-depth interviews in the period from March to May 2022.
 Keywords: ASN Corporate University, Knowledge Management System

The Effectiveness of The Implementation of The ASN Corporate University Concept Integrated With The Knowledge Management System in The Development of Apparatus Human Resources Study On Yogyakarta City Government

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the application of the concept of ASN Corporate University integrated with the Knowledge Management System in the Development of Human Resources (HR) Apparatus. The benefit of this research is to contribute ideas for government agencies in knowing the effectiveness of implementing the ASN Corporate University concept in the development of human resources for apparatus supported by an effective and appropriate Knowledge Management System policy. As well as providing benefits to the academic world, namely being a contribution of knowledge and insight in terms of more appropriate policy implementation strategies by leaders in Ministries, Institutions, and Local Governments regarding the effectiveness of implementing the ASN Corporate University concept integrated with the Knowledge Management System in Apparatus HR Development. The research method used is a mixed method (mixed method). Analysis of the study conducted in the Yogyakarta area as a representation of the local government that has implemented the ASN Corporate University concept well. Data was collected by means of questionnaires, observations and in-depth interviews in the period from March to May 2022.
 Keywords: ASN Corporate University, Knowledge Management System

IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES TO STRENGTHEN MILITARY SATELLITES AS AN EFFORT IN SUPPORTING THE SEA DEFENSE STRATEGY AND UPHOLDING STATE SOVEREIGNTY

Defense Policy is a basis for realizing the Strategic Plan of a State Special Military Satellite which is a state defense and security need for implementation and regulation so that it can run ideally. The Ministry of Defense as one of the leading sectors in realizing the existence of military satellites in Indonesia, so that it can accommodate all needs for military satellites that can be used in ways that can be implemented easily, simply and as efficiently as possible. So that the research objective is to provide an in-depth analysis of the implementation of policies regarding military satellites issued by the ministry of defense. So that it becomes an important thing to do an evaluation so that it can find solutions and strategies in implementing the implementation of these policies. The research method is using a qualitative method with data collection in the form of interviews, indirect observation and literature studies, which are then processed with Edward III's Policy Implementation theory and strategy theory for how to maximize efforts to implement policies on military satellites. The results of the research are in the Policy Implementation Process, in this case namely the Military Satellite Policy contained in the General Policy on National Defense issued by the Ministry of Defense, there are communications that have not been implemented to Policy Executors such as Bakamla and TNI AL, while to make strategies for implementing these policies, with the concept of means, ways and ends, provides output of the concept of implementation strategy resulting from a comparison of Chinese and American military satellite policies, which have important criteria, namely leadership style factors, budget base and supporting infrastructure.

Moving from theory to practice in occupational therapy education for planetary health: A theoretical view.

There remains a dearth of easily implemented strategies for translating environmental and sustainability policy into practice within occupational therapy education. In this context, the research-implementation time lag is problematic because time is of the essence when seeking evidence-based educational strategies to address planetary health challenges. The undertaking of practical experimentation to develop strategies for policy implementation and translation is challenged by the urgency of the issues faced. This paper aims to contribute to conversations around translating awareness of planetary health to practical action for occupational therapy education by proposing a framework for practical "doing" skills, based on conceptually sound, theoretical foundations that support likely efficacy. Three skills are suggested as a means to close the theory-practice gap while incorporating what is known about educational processes supporting the transition from novice to expert occupational therapy practitioner. The first skill proposed is a rethinking of essential forms of clinical reasoning, with the introduction of environmental and sustainable reasoning as mandatory. Founded in an adoption of "two-eyed seeing," the second skill emphasises bidirectional questioning for climate-just, person-centred care. The third skill explores interprofessional educational collaboration for environmental sustainability. Acknowledging the centrality of novice practitioner as part of occupational therapy learner professional identity requires appropriate strategies for learning clinical reasoning skills related to environmental sustainability, planetary health, and the potential discomfort of authentic bidirectional questioning. Implications of adopting these strategies are discussed in relation to their potential contribution to positive change for the occupational therapy profession and wider society.