Implementation Of Related Policies Research Articles

Analysis of Reading Behavior and Influencing Factors of Preschool Children in Rural China

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the reading behavior of preschool children in rural China and its influence by their family and socio-cultural environment. The study builds a theoretical framework based on theories of reading behavior research, and empirically analyzes the influencing factors using appropriate research design and data collection methods. The findings reveal that family background, such as parents' education level and family economic situation, has a significant influence on children's reading behavior; meanwhile, the social and cultural environment and kindergarten reading education also play an important role in promoting preschool children's interest in reading and the formation of reading habits. The conclusion provides empirical support for how to improve the reading behavior of rural preschool children, and is of reference value for the formulation and implementation of related policies.

An Analysis of the Anti-Poverty Strategies and Mechanisms in ChinaIn the Case of Shibadong Village

In the context of Chinas nationwide efforts to combat poverty, this essay focuses on the transformative journey of Shibadong Village, which was once impoverished but eventually became one of the most influential and inspiring cases of Chinas successful poverty alleviation strategy. Through a comprehensive analysis of the villages background, government initiatives, socio-economic transformation, and implementation of related policies, this essay highlights the key factors that contributed to its success. The essay also examines the significant impact on the quality of life for the villagers, including improvements income levels, education, healthcare, and overall well-being. Furthermore, it discusses the lessons learned from this case study and the potential to replicate the villages success in different regions or countries. By shedding light on this remarkable example, the essay highlights the importance of continuing poverty alleviation efforts and provides valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners striving to uplift communities worldwide.

The biomethane generation potential of wastes and wastewaters from the sericulture, fisheries, and agro-industrial sectors in India

The global problem of climate change and difficulties related to energy access, air pollution, and water pollution in India (and other developing countries) necessitate the need to look for alternative clean, local, and low-carbon energy sources for displacing fossil fuels. This paper analyses the existing waste-to-biomethane potential of the sericulture, fisheries, and agro-industrial sectors in India, which have mostly been neglected previously in India's waste-to-energy assessments. In the process, the volume of wastewaters generated from India's agro-industries are also estimated, data on which are scarce in the academic and grey literature. India's annual biomethane potentials (for 2018–19) were found to be 88 million m3, 207 million m3, and 3514 million m3 from the three sectors, respectively. To assess the energy generation potential of these wastes, a comprehensive literature review was conducted and data on residue-to-product ratios, results of proximate analyses, and specific biomethane yields were either compiled or calculated. The gross thermal energy and electricity generation potentials are 132 PJ and 22 TWh respectively; between 19 and 95 million people can benefit from such waste-to-energy production, depending on the end use of the biomethane for electricity generation or as a domestic cooking fuel. The corresponding mean removal of organic pollution from India's surface waters can be between 5.5 and 9.3 million tonnes of chemical oxygen demand. For the end uses of biomethane in electricity generation and cooking, the cumulative GHG abatements attributable to these industries are 11.4 million tonnes and 6.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalent respectively. Besides the numeric results reported, this paper also contains a comprehensive compilation of data on waste characteristics and biomethane productions. The present status of biogas generation and related policy implementation in India are reviewed and discussed. Overall, our findings indicate that biomethane from these wastes and wastewaters can generate substantial energy for India, is in line with recent government policies, and can aid India in achieving six Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.

Sustainable dietetic models: strategies for communication and promotion

Abstract Global Burden of Disease identifies the makeup of diets as a significant risk factor for mortality and morbidity, with 11 million deaths and 255 million disability-adjusted life years attributable to dietary risk factors. 690 million people lack sufficient food and economic projections suggest that COVID-19 pandemic may add an additional 83 to 132 million people to the ranks of the undernourished, as the outbreak has exacerbated the global food flaws and insufficiencies, impacting the most vulnerable populations. Diets and related food systems also contribute to significant environmental degradation and climate change. Demand for animal-source foods is also increasing, particularly in emerging economies, which entails risks for the environment. 1.3 billion tons of food are wasted globally yearly, utilizing 38% of total energy consumption in the global food system. The real cost of acquiring enough nutrient-rich food to meet national dietary guidelines for a healthy diet exceeds available income for ∼38% of the world's population. A balanced diet that meets food-based dietary guidelines calls for even larger quantities of more costly food groups than would be needed just for nutrient adequacy, owing to their many functional attributes beyond just the essential nutrients that they contain. Faced with this scenario, there is urgent need for an appropriate strategy to increase people's awareness of the relationship between specific food choices and health and to facilitate the educational environment on this issue. Actual examples of current strategies for communication and promotion of healthy and sustainable diets will be discussed. With awareness and knowledge, clear and precise information, a supportive social environment, available and accessible healthy and sustainable food items, and the implementation of related policies, individuals have a great potential to achieve healthiness and environmental sustainability by choosing healthier and more sustainable foods.

Hospital management, supervisor support and nurse speaking-up behaviours: The mediating role of safety culture perception.

This study aimed to (a) elucidate the effects of hospital management and unit supervisor support for patient safety on nurse speaking-up behaviours and (b) identify potential mediators of this relationship. Speaking-up behaviour among nurses has emerged as a critical source of patient safety. Fuller understanding of the developmental mechanisms contributing to nurses' speaking-up behaviours could help to enhance patient safety in health care organisations. A correlational approach was used to conduct a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data collected from 450 staff nurses in Korea. Path analysis was performed to test potential mediation effects. After controlling for nurses' hospital and unit tenure, hospital management and supervisor support for patient safety had significant direct and indirect effects on nurses' speaking-up (promotive and prohibitive voice) behaviours through their perceptions of response to error and communication openness. Study findings indicate that when hospital management and supervisors emphasize patient safety and provide necessary resources, nurses are likely to perceive the hospital's safety culture more positively, in turn enhancing their speaking-up behaviours. Hospital administrators and nurse managers should clearly display hospital management and supervisory support for patient safety through implementation of related policies, resources, and communication standards.

A Corpus-Based Study of Public Attitudes towards Coronavirus Vaccines

Since the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 has been sweeping the world on an unprecedented scale. As an important means of fighting the virus, vaccines have provoked heated discussions. Motivated by this practical concern, the present study aims at contributing to the understanding of public opinions about vaccines, which may provide implications for the government in their making and implementation of related policies. This research adopts a corpus-based approach in conjunction with a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Data for this study drawn from the Coronavirus corpus show what people are actually saying in online newspapers and magazines in 20 different English-speaking countries. The collocation and frequency of the word “vaccine” are arranged in concordance contextually. Overall, this study reveals that the collocation of vaccine can be divided into several categories, and people’s major concerns about COVID-19 vaccination include global progress, equality, and the latest development.

Taxonomic, structural diversity and carbon stocks in a gradient of island forests

Assessment of forest ecosystems and their services is seen as a key action for the advancement of biodiversity objectives, and to inform the development and implementation of related policies and planning. The Azorean forest is important for timber production, the protection of soil and water resources, and for its recreational and aesthetic value. However, its role in carbon accumulation has not been fully addressed. We assessed plant diversity, forest structure and carbon stocks in a gradient of three forest types (Natural Forest-NF; Exotic Woodland-EW and Production Forest-PF) in three of the Azores islands. We used biodiversity indices and found that NF harbored the highest plant diversity levels and PF the lowest. Diversity levels were lower for structural than for taxonomic data, particularly for PF. The highest tree carbon stock was found at EW in one of the islands, while PF consistently exhibited relatively high tree carbon stocks in the three islands. The largest soil carbon stocks were found at EW, while leaf litter carbon stocks were higher at PF. We concluded that NF play a fundamental role as plant diversity hotspots but have lower relevance as carbon stocks what might be associated with montane environmental conditions. PFs provide economic assets and act as carbon sinks, while EWs play a major role as carbon sinks in soil, but also at tree level in the oldest forests.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TRADITIONAL MALE CIRCUMCISION POLICY IN SOUTH AFRICA

International, 40% of males stand initiated, customarily aimed at spiritual reasons. In popular several African communities, man removal of foreskin is conceded, obtainable intended for traditional purposes, mainly by way of a circumcision custom and a ceremony of path for male hood. The process here raised towards by way of modern man initiation stands regularly accomplished in a non-medical situation through an old-fashioned supplier with no official remedial profession. Once conceded out as a ritual of passageway into male hood, old-style man circumcision is largely accomplished on youngsters (Lowane, N.E., 2021). Traditional benefactors will remain to be a significant basis of initiation for several men in in our country, Research will be based on initiation, whether on medical male circumcision or tradition male circumcision (MMC or TMC), being elimination completely portion of the penis flesh on the penis. The aforementioned may also stand accomplished medically or surgically at hospitals or on circumcision places. Circumcision colleges execute this practice by way of an old-fashioned ceremony of passageway starting childhood to men then it mentioned towards by means of old-style man initiation (TMC). Circumcision exercise takes active even in nowadays has been accomplished only intended for customary or spiritual order, nevertheless the aforementioned cannot at all extended remain regarded lone by way of circumcision. The aforementioned should, instead, likewise remain understood by means of degree towards control the extent of the (HIV/AIDS) disaster. A sum of research lessons institute that initiated males consumed slighter probabilities of constricting AID contamination matched through uninitiated males. According to Palmer, E., Marais, L. and Engelbrecht, M., (2022). ritual circumcision in our country has no impact on social, politics and other sectors of government. This article will to contribute significantly to the implementation of the South African TMCA in the province of EC for study research on traditional male circumcision. Firstly, finding researched work on the issue of TMC is very difficult because there is so much secrecy about this traditional practice to an extent that information is mostly found in newspapers (Mellor, D., 2021). The research done by the World Health Organisation (WHO n.d) examined the practice of TMC in SouthAfrica, Eastern Cape. However, while pointing to some policy issues, it did not address the policy implementation in relation to the Traditional Male Circumcision Policy itself. The main focus of the study is to gain better understanding of the implementation of traditional circumcision policy, the government intervention on the practice and creating synergy between medical, traditional male circumcision and the law governing circumcision.

Does Innovation Make Nations More Healthy? Evidence from Developing and Developed Countries

Our main contribution in this paper consists of analyzing long-run interactions between health status and innovation in the form of R&D activities accounting for possible economic development. For this purpose, we are based on a sample of fifteen developed and fifteen developing countries across the world during the period 2000–2017. As the principal interest is on the long-run effect, it is not essential to be concerned about the variable lags through which innovation will impact health. Therefore, to get the asymptotically efficient long-run impact of innovation on health, we have introduced both dynamic OLS and fully modified OLS for developed countries. Further, we have employed a technique based on panel ARDL methods for developing countries which deals with the stationary series problem of different orders to monitor possible association between population health and innovation in the long-run horizon. Our empirical results support long- and short-run causality running from R&D activities to health in all developed countries, whereas the just-mentioned causality prevails only in the long-run in case of developing countries. Finally, to check the robustness of the said association, we have implemented neural network-based NARX technique to validate the prediction of health status on the basis of R&D activities, and eventually, NARX supports our hypothesis in case of long-run through back-propagation. Policy recommendation includes the encouragement of more R&D activities and R&D-related policy implementation in both developed and developing nations to opt for better health status.

A deep learning framework under attention mechanism for wheat yield estimation using remotely sensed indices in the Guanzhong Plain, PR China

The rapid and effective acquisition of crop yield information is critical to the stability of food markets and development and implementation of related policies. It is an important baseline observation that is used for ensuring regional and global food security. In this study, a novel deep learning framework was developed for winter wheat yield estimation using meteorological data and two remotely sensed indices, Vegetation Temperature Condition Index (VTCI) and Leaf Area Index (LAI) at the main growth stages of winter wheat in the Guanzhong Plain. The proposed deep learning model was based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network with an attention mechanism (ALSTM), which the main idea is to assign attention to the key parts of the input sequence that affect the target vectors so that the specific features can be accurately extracted. The ALSTM model provided an improved estimation accuracy (R2 = 0.63, MAPE = 8.20%, RMSE = 502.71 kg/ha, NRMSE = 11.15%) as compared with the LSTM (R2 = 0.55, MAPE = 13.46%, RMSE = 699.92 kg/ha, NRMSE = 15.52%). A validation based on leave-one-year-out-validation further substantiated the robustness of ALSTM with smaller values of NRMSE and MAPE (13.63% and 11.54%). We demonstrated that the ALSTM model provided good generalization ability for sampling sites under different farming systems, including irrigation and rain-fed sampling sites. In addition, we evaluated the relative importance of each input variable in determining yields based on stepwise sensitivity analysis. It was found that LAI at the heading-filling stage and the milk stage as well as VTCI at the jointing stage contributed more than other input feature variables towards the corresponding yield. In conclusion, our findings highlighted that the attention mechanism helped to improve the interpretability of neural networks and the ALSTM model along with remotely sensed biophysical indices can provide a reliable and robust estimation of crop yield. An accurate estimation of wheat yield is not only helping towards informed crop management decisions but it will improve efficiency and sustainability of farming operations.

New Dimensions of Vulnerability to Energy and Transport Poverty

As we decarbonise societies, we need to consider how such transitions interconnect energy and transport systems. In this Commentary, we argue that we need a better understanding of who may be vulnerable in low-carbon transitions. Current energy poverty definitions and metrics focus overwhelmingly on energy service consumption within the home, yet similar issues in the transport sector are often neglected. Failure to account for the intersections between energy and transport poverty may deepen structural forms of deprivation and worsen social and material inequalities, therefore preventing equitable transitions.

Policy Effect of the Public Health Clinic Closure and Consolidation Policies on All the Preventative Practices Following the Affordable Care Implementation in Louisiana

The purpose of this study is to examine the policy effect of the public health clinic closure and consolidation policies on public health preventive practices in Louisiana. It is observed in the literature that many governments’ efforts towards the healthcare market has being failing across different political administrations. This is because the current health care reform, public health clinics closures and policy consolidations following the implementation of the affordable care act seems to be disappointing in the state of Louisiana. Currently, many parishes, are battling with low health care professional’s availability, and high prevalence of poor health outcomes (i.e. high spread of STDs, high cancer spread, low accessibility to healthcare, and several communicable diseases) making all the public health interventions programs or initiatives look bad in the face of the policy reforms. However, it is not clear whether the policy consolidation and public health clinics closures are the causal factors to the high spread of diseases and health disparities across the parishes. As a result, this particular study used paired t-test and secondary source of data from the Department of Health and Hospitals and Integrated Public Use Microdata Series USA (IPUMS-USA) spanning from 2008 to 2019 to examine the problem. The study finds that the average Gonorrhea infection rate, and P&S Syphilis infection rate between 2014 and 2019 is greater than the average infection rate before the closure of the public health clinics (2008 and 2013). Above all, the study establishes that there is a strong evidence of significant difference in the following: (a) access to healthcare, (b) Sexually-Transmitted Disease (STD) Screening preventative practices, and (c) the participation of Breast Cancer Screening preventative practices resulting from the different periods of policy implementation in relation to public health clinic closures. Therefore, the study recommends that all the closures of the public health clinics needs to be reopen to ensure a greater access to healthcare and healthy population. Keywords: Healthcare, ACA, Clinic, Policy, healthcare, Preventive, Screening, and STDs. DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/10-11-05 Publication date: November 30 th 2020

The Sausapor Declaration: Challenges in promoting good governance to protect customary communities and natural resources in Tambrauw district, West Papua

The Sausapor Declaration has served as a stepping stone towards convening and balancing the dynamics of governmental politics, conservation efforts, the protection of customary communities’ rights, and the sustainable management of natural resources in Tambrauw District. The Declaration supported the establishment of Tambrauw as a Conservation District, while also acknowledging the rights of customary communities in shaping political priorities of the local government, which include: a) stewardship of extensive remaining tropical forests (91.9% forest cover); b) management of protected areas, which represent 77-80% of the total area of the District; c) acknowledging the cultural traditions of five major indigenous groups; and, d) securing the active support of formal institutions for these goals. Two stages have shaped the effort to establish the Conservation District. The first stage involved the period prior to the formal declaration, while the second ecompasses development and implementation of related policies. Establishing local regulations and protecting local communities required extensive lobbying with the provincial and national government, as well as advocacy in various seminars, including both national and international conferences that provided strategic opportunities for securing support for the Conservation District. These steps have been instrumental in gaining legitimacy and public support for relevant conservation policies and for protecting the rights of customary communities. As one example, the review of Tambrauw spatial planning documents (RTRW) led to prioritizing eco-tourism as a leading sector for economic development, along with the creation of an overall agropolitan and renewable energy strategy.

Evaluation of soil quality in major grain-producing region of the North China Plain: Integrating minimum data set and established critical limits

Abstract Understanding of the nexus between soil quality (SQ) and productivity, the heterogeneity of SQ and the restricting indicators that affect crop productivity is essential for a specific region to encourage improving of SQ while contributing to profitable crop production. The objectives of this study were to develop minimum dataset (MDS) variable selection methods that reflects the total dataset (TDS) of soil properties for SQ assessment and crop yield prediction in Yucheng County, a major grain-producing region in the North China Plain. Critical values of soil properties for standardized scoring functions were established based on local crop yields in field condition and the key restricting indicators limiting crop productivity were evaluated. In this study, 99 topsoil (0–20 cm) samples were collected and 14 soil properties including pH, electrical conductivity, clay content, soil organic matter, cation exchangeable capacity, total nitrogen, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), available P, K, Cu, Mn, Mo and Zn were analyzed. Three MDSs were created by different variable selection methods using principal component analysis (PCA) of soil properties. Among these MDSs, the indicator of norm values derived from the total principal component loadings was considered to be the most suitable method for evaluating SQ. The MDS-based soil quality index (SQI) had higher correlations with the TDS-based SQI and crop yield. The critical values of soil properties were identified by regressing soil variables with local yields of maize and wheat in the field condition. The SQIs calculated using measured critical values were more accurate than that based on published empirical values. The evaluation results revealed that the calculated SQI accounted for 28% of the variation in crop yields, and there probably are some strong limitations for crop yield through soil characteristics (soil texture, salinization, and nutrient supply, etc.). Thus, management practices and amelioration of the above soil-limiting factors should be comprehensively considered in agricultural production. The finding can enable policy making and policy implementation in relation to SQ in the future.

The Implementation of Policy on Appointment of Permanent Lecturers at Private Universities in the City and Regency of Cirebon

The focus of this research is the implementation of policy on the appointment of permanent lecturers at private universities in the City and Regency of Cirebon which are not optimal yet,so that Private Universities in the City and Regency of Cirebon are faced with various problems in the appointment of permanent lecturers, that is, they have not yet fully paid attention to the regulations and quality standards of lecturers. The sub focus of this research is application of the approach of the idealized policy, the implementing organization, the target group and environmental factors as dimensions of policy implementation in relation to the appointment of permanent lecturers at private universities in the City and Regency of Cirebon.Based on the problem statement set out at the focus of research,then downgraded into a research question, what are the factors that have caused the implementation of policy on the appointment of the permanent lecturers at Private Universities in Cirebon City and Regency to be not yet optimal? What efforts are made by private universities in the city and regency of Cirebon to appoint permanent lecturers?And what strategies are effective to optimize the implementation of the policy of appointment of the permanent lecturers at Private Universities in the City and Regency of Cirebon?The results of the researchthen further analyzed with the theory of organizational effectiveness with the criteria of production, efficiency, satisfaction, adaptation and development. The method used in the research is a qualitative research method.Qualitative data collection is done through observation, interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD).In this research the writers describe the phenomena found in the field related to the research problem, then analyze it but without calculating the effect of a variable to other variables.Through this qualitative research method, it is expected that the writers can obtain accurate data related to the problem under research, so that the writers can analyze it in depth on how to implement the policy of appointment of permanent lecturers at PTS (Private Universities) in the City and Regency of Cirebon. The results showed the findings in the form of developing theories that strengthen the concept of Smith's policy implementation process (1973) that optimizing the appointment of permanent lecturers at Private Universities in the City and Regency of Cirebon can be achieved if Organizational Culture, Motivation and Competitiveness are developed.

The Implementation of Policy on Appointment of Permanent Lecturers at Private Universities in the City and Regency of Cirebon

The focus of this research is the implementation of policy on the appointment of permanent lecturers at private universities in the City and Regency of Cirebon which are not optimal yet,so that Private Universities in the City and Regency of Cirebon are faced with various problems in the appointment of permanent lecturers, that is, they have not yet fully paid attention to the regulations and quality standards of lecturers. The sub focus of this research is application of the approach of the idealized policy, the implementing organization, the target group and environmental factors as dimensions of policy implementation in relation to the appointment of permanent lecturers at private universities in the City and Regency of Cirebon.Based on the problem statement set out at the focus of research,then downgraded into a research question, what are the factors that have caused the implementation of policy on the appointment of the permanent lecturers at Private Universities in Cirebon City and Regency to be not yet optimal? What efforts are made by private universities in the city and regency of Cirebon to appoint permanent lecturers?And what strategies are effective to optimize the implementation of the policy of appointment of the permanent lecturers at Private Universities in the City and Regency of Cirebon?The results of the researchthen further analyzed with the theory of organizational effectiveness with the criteria of production, efficiency, satisfaction, adaptation and development. The method used in the research is a qualitative research method.Qualitative data collection is done through observation, interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD).In this research the writers describe the phenomena found in the field related to the research problem, then analyze it but without calculating the effect of a variable to other variables.Through this qualitative research method, it is expected that the writers can obtain accurate data related to the problem under research, so that the writers can analyze it in depth on how to implement the policy of appointment of permanent lecturers at PTS (Private Universities) in the City and Regency of Cirebon. The results showed the findings in the form of developing theories that strengthen the concept of Smith's policy implementation process (1973) that optimizing the appointment of permanent lecturers at Private Universities in the City and Regency of Cirebon can be achieved if Organizational Culture, Motivation and Competitiveness are developed.

Influencing factors of consumers’ willingness to purchase green housing: a survey from Shandong Province, China

Green housing (GH) has been regarded as an effective and sustainable solution for alleviating the energy crisis and reducing environmental pressure in China, but currently, consumers rarely select GH when purchasing houses. This study aims to explore the influencing factors of consumers’ willingness to purchase GH in China. The research model was developed using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and norm activation theory (NAM), and it tested hypotheses using data from a questionnaire collected from 355 consumers in Shandong Province, China. Partial least squares structural equation model analysis showed that the testing of hypotheses was significant, in which personal norm and perceived behavioural control as direct influencing variables had a significant influence on consumers’ willingness to purchase GH. Therefore, GH purchase is driven by the comprehensive rational and moral factors of consumers. In addition, part of the mediating effect testing reveals that subjective norm indirectly influences personal norm through perceived behavioural control, and awareness of consequences indirectly influences personal norm through ascription of responsibility. In general, the integration of the structure of TPB and NAM, comprehensive self-interest (rational) and altruism (moral) aspects significantly improve the prediction capability of the theoretical framework. Results show the influence of the consumer to GH purchase willingness with regard to internal psychological factors, design and implementation of related policies and measures for the government to provide a frame of reference.

Waste of electrical and electronic equipment: Trends and awareness among youths in Lithuania.

Waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has gained significant attention recently because of increasing consumption and related environmental impacts. This work focuses on Lithuania and analyses the trends of WEEE generation and management during the period 2008-2015. Attitudes and behaviour of students and pupils (main future consumers) regarding WEEE are also determined in this work. The analysis shows that the generation and collection of WEEE in Lithuania have been on the rise since the global economic crisis. In total, approximately 16260 metric tonnes of WEEE were collected in 2015 in Lithuania. Most of the collected WEEE consisted of large home appliances and information technology and telecommunication equipment. In addition, the survey highlights that some small WEEE is still discarded together with municipal waste. Results also report that there is a need for more information about WEEE as such, as well as the need for more collection points and possibly a refund system. The study suggests that those aspects could be of importance for the efficiency of WEEE management systems and related policy implementation.

The Canadian Armed Forces: battling between Operation HONOUR and Operation Hop on Her

ABSTRACTIn the last few years, much attention has been focused on women in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). In 2014, a Maclean’s magazine report on sexual misconduct was published; in 2015, former Supreme Court Justice Marie Deschamps conducted an External Review Authority (ERA) investigation that detailed sexual misconduct and sexual harassment in the CAF; and in 2016, Statistics Canada published a report on sexual harassment and sexual assault in the CAF. The results of these reports indicated that the sexualized culture of the CAF, combined with problematic policies and insufficient training, as well as a lack of action by the leadership, resulted in the sexual harassment and sexual assault of many members within its ranks, mainly women but also men. The CAF launched Operation HONOUR in order to address these concerns, which was nicknamed Operation Hop on Her by some members, demonstrating resistance to cultural change. In this article, I describe CAF culture and how it relates to women and gender; outline the history of women in the CAF, particularly as relates to sexual harassment and sexual assault; examine concerns with the content and implementation of related policies; and conclude with a discussion of the intersection of culture, policies, training, and leadership. The article ends on a note of hope, with the possibility that the CAF has now begun to seriously address the organization’s sexualized culture, and discusses the tensions inherent in analysing an institution that both constructs and impedes organization change.

An Overview of Food Patterns and Diet Quality in Qatar: Findings from the National Household Income Expenditure Survey.

IntroductionAvailability of accurate data pertaining to a population’s dietary patterns and associated health outcomes is critical for proper development and implementation of related policies. This article is a first attempt to share the food patterns, amounts and diet quality among households (HH) in Qatar.MethodsData from the 2012-2013 Qatar National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) was used. This cross-sectional survey included 3723 HH (1826 Qatari HH and 1897 non-Qatari HH). Dietary data on monthly amounts food items available at HH according to the nationality was used. The food items were expressed in terms of grams per capita per day and aggregated into groups to examine the food patterns, energy, and adequacy.ResultsThe overall average amount of purchased food at HH in Qatar was 1885 g/capita/day. Qatari HH purchased more food (2118 g/capita/day) versus non-Qataris (1373 g/capita/day); however, the percentages of the amounts purchased by food types were similar among both nationalities. Average daily energy (kcal) per capita was almost double among Qatari HH (4275 kcal) vs. non-Qatari HH (2424 kcal). The food items under subsidy program for Qatari citizens provided 1753 kcal/capita/day and accounted for 41% of total daily energy. Proteins (29.2), fats (39.2), sodium (3.3), and vitamin C (32.5) had higher than recommended levels of nutrient density (grams per 1000 kcal). Calcium (227), vitamin A (302.3), fiber (2.0), and carbohydrates (132.6) had lower than recommended levels of nutrient energy density (g/1000 kcal).ConclusionsThe study predicts unhealthy dietary habits among HH in Qatar and provides useful information for policy makers and healthcare community.