Failure Of Policy Implementation Research Articles

Can failure be useful in policymaking? The case of EU equal pay policy

Although equal pay for equal work between women and men is a founding principle of the European Union, enshrined in the Treaties since 1957, the gender pay gap stands at 12.7 per cent in 2021 and has only changed minimally for two decades. This article explores a policymaking paradox: the EU equal pay policy seems unaffected by failure, on the contrary, failure seems to contribute to the legitimisation of the policy. The article asks how and why a policy implementation failure framing has been developed in the field of EU equal pay promotion? What is the political function of this framing and what is its impact on the EU policymaking process? Over the years, the EU equal pay policy has been associated with a repeated experience of implementation failure. This failure framing has been particularly present in the debates over the implementation of the 2006 Recast Directive, especially since this frame has been impelled by the quantitative and symbolic strength of the gender pay gap’s percentage. The article shows that this framing performed important functions. From a policymaking perspective, the implementation failure framing allowed the gender equality policy community to keep the issue firmly on the EU agenda and to ride out the dismantling storm. The article also shows that the analytical definition of what constitutes a policy failure should be more nuanced. To conclude, the article asks if this type of failure framing can continue to produce results in an increasingly polarised context such as that of gender equality.

The Readiness of Implementation of Universal Health Coverage Program in Soppeng Regency: A Qualitative Study

Objective: This study aims to determine the readiness to implement the Universal Health Coverage program in Soppeng Regency in 2023. Theoritical Framework : This research was chosen based on theoretical views (George C. Edwards III, 1980) where the supporting variables in policy implementation that influence the success or failure of policy implementation are divided into four parts that mutually support each other, including communication, resources, attitudes and structure bureaucracy. Method: The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative research with in-depth interviews using questionnaires and documentation. The research was conducted in July-August 2023 in Soppeng Regency. The number of samples used were 10 informants who were taken using a purposive sampling technique. Results and Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that communication, the implementation of the Universal Health Coverage program in Soppeng Regency has been going well, the delivery of information from BPJS Kesehatan to the Regional Government has been conveyed clearly and consistently. Resources, the implementation of the Universal Health Coverage program in Soppeng Regency, in terms of the quantity of human resources, both policy makers and program implementer, are considered good and competent, accompanied by supporting facilities. The attitude/disposition, commitment and support of BPJS Kesehatan, Regional Government, related OPD to village government in implementing the Universal Health Coverage program in Soppeng Regency are considered quite good. The bureaucratic structure, the implementation of the Universal Health Coverage program has been going quite well where the mechanism for implementing the JKN-KIS program, in this case BPJS Kesehatan, with the coordination of the Health Office, has made every effort to provide the best service to the community and provide financial protection. Implications of the Research: The implementation of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Soppeng Regency aims to ensure that everyone, everywhere can get quality health services without causing financial problems due to the disease they suffer from.

Class Dynamics, a Declining ANC and the Failure of Policy Implementation

While conditions for the majority in South Africa have worsened and delivery has become more important politically, the ANC is increasingly unable to deliver and address national issues. At the same time, the state is failing to resource, manage, coordinate and skill its departments, institutions and programmes. While the imperative of improving the state is recognised, and issues of skill and leadership are flagged, this article focuses on two interrelated causes of implementation failure: an ANC that is the site of dire struggles for state power while manifesting endemic corruption and a dangerously anti-public vision; and racialised elite and subaltern class dynamics that often escape state mediation. The limits of government in its overarching economic policy are considered as a brief case. The article concludes that given the problems in these areas, particularly in the management of the capitalist economy and class contradictions, a restructuring of the political field and a renewal of popular public involvement are necessary for improved welfare and development in the future. There are also imperatives of civil service reform. However, these changes will have no chance of taking root unless firm steps towards a dynamic and inclusive economy are taken.

Improving access to healthcare in Ireland: an implementation failure.

There are significant barriers to accessing health and social care services in Ireland including high user charges, long waits and limited availability of some services. While a number of reform proposals have committed to improving access to health care, implementation of these proposals has been limited. The aim of this paper is to identify and discuss policy implementation failures concerned with improving access to health and social care services in Ireland. Four potential reasons for the repeated failure to implement stated reform proposals are identified including a failure to identify and address the practicalities of implementation, competing health care demands, the political cycle and stakeholder resistance. While there has been a shift in Irish health care policy documents in the last 10 years with increasing emphasis on ensuring access to health care based on need rather than ability to pay, a repeated failure to implement the proposed reforms raises questions as to whether there is a real commitment to improving access to health care.

Services For Population Administration In The City Of Jayapura

Improving the quality of public services is necessary in order to reduce policy implementation failures caused by misread communication variables. The communication strategy is used to ensure that public services are delivered in a coordinated manner. The goal of this research was to determine the communication strategy for enhancing the quality of public services on the performance of Civil Registry and Population Service staff in Jayapura. This essay employs a non-interactive qualitative technique with descriptive analysis. While the data collection technique employed is literature study, which includes books, papers, internet news, and authoritative organisation websites. The strategic communication initiatives to improve public services headed by the Jayapura City Population and Civil Registry Service are an important conclusion from this research.

Exploring the Challenges of SDGs Localisation by Rural Local Government Institutions in Bangladesh: A Policy Implementation Perspective

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a master plan to achieve a sustainable future by 2030, and the government of Bangladesh has been working relentlessly to achieve its targets. Since each country is supposed to take ownership of the goals and tailor policies according to their needs, in the localisation process of the SDGs, the local government institutions play a significant role in implementation. Similarly, in Bangladesh, Rural Local Government Institutions (RLGIs) are likely to play an essential role in the localisation of the SDGs, since they remain close to the most marginalized and often vulnerable rural people and can impact them directly. However, the RLGIs have not made a notable contribution in the localisation of the SDGs so far, and the deadline is approaching. This paper aims to understand the limitation of localising the SDGs by the RLGIs in Bangladesh by exploring the challenges they face that lead to policy implementation failure. From qualitative data collected from six different RLGIs, the paper finds that RLGIs suffer from four broad challenges: financial, political and administrative, behavioural and planning challenges that are causing SDGs localisation implementation failure. The paper concludes that these issues are unlikely to be overcome in a short time, so the future of SDGs localisation within the given timeframe is questionable. Social Science Review, Vol. 39(3), Dec 2022 Page 93-111

The Management of Harassment and Abuse in Sports: A European Investigation of the Experts’ Opinions

The current study explored sports administrators’ perspectives on the management of harassment and abuse in sports and assembled them into issues that raise awareness and understanding of the factors that impinge on the promotion of healthy sports environments. Transcription, description, and analysis of standardized focus group discussions (FGD) involving key stakeholders and policymakers in five European countries using standardized questioning routes were carried out. The results pointed towards a lack of education and dissemination of relevant information, an absence of specific to sports legislation, an inexistent Code of Ethics, and the absence of mechanisms, for reporting perpetrators and supporting victims. The current recruitment strategies of sports personnel were also identified as obstacles that impinge the promotion of safe sports. The consistency of the findings across five European countries suggests that we have identified some key dimensions which impose the prevention of harassment and abuse in sports. which may consequently also help in understanding policy implementation failure.

The evaluation of public policy implementation failures and possible solutions

The study examines the root causes of Public Policy implementation failures. It further explores the mechanisms that will ensure successful policy implementation within the public sector. The main objective of the study is to establish and identify the factors that impede the successful implementation of government policies and to identify possible solutions to successfully formulate and implement public policies. The study adopted a conceptual approach relying heavily on secondary data. It is understandable, that the government‘s national and local spheres should want to downplay policy failure and trumpet apparent success, but to do so risks losing an understanding of why failure is so common and how it might be eradicated or at least minimised. The study examines the robust policy design mechanisms. The study seeks to identify significant policy risks and challenges. The study examines the root causes of Public Policy implementation failures. It further explores the mechanisms that will ensure successful policy implementation within the public sector. The main objective of the study is to establish and identify the factors that impede the successful implementation of government policies and to identify possible solutions to successfully formulate and implement public policies. The study adopted a conceptual approach relying heavily on secondary data. It is understandable that the government‘s national and local spheres should want to downplay policy failure and trumpet apparent success, but to do so risks losing an understanding of why failure is so common and how it might be eradicated or at least minimised. The study examines robust policy design mechanisms. The study seeks to identify significant policy risks and challenges. It is evident, that there is an increasing awareness that policies fail on their own merits; rather their progress is dependent upon the process of implementation. To better comprehend how to refine policy support it is first instructive to appreciate the nature of policy failure, logically the reasons why things go wrong should assist to guide the search for possible solutions. Successful policy implementation consists of four determinants, which are policy design, stakeholders, and their involvement, institution, and context as well as the implementation strategy. It is very important to consider these four aspects when executing public policy because this will alleviate policy implantation failures. The study concludes with the mechanisms and solutions of successful policy implementation.

Implementation of the COVID 19 Vaccination Program for Children Aged 6-11 Years at Lhokseumawe, Aceh Province, Indonesia

Implementation of the COVID-19 vaccine program in Muara Dua Regency for children aged 6 to 11 years is responding to the Covid-19 outbreak by the Ministry of Health. It is initiated a vaccination program to expand the reach of the national vaccination program. Minister of health regulation number 18 of 2021 which regulates the implementation of immunization in the context of handling the 2019 corona virus disease (COVID 19) pandemic has this clause. The city of Lhokseumawe complies with the Covid-19 virus vaccination schedule from the central government. For children aged 6 to 11 years, socialization has been carried out to improve the performance of all elements so that they can suppress the growth of Covid 19. In order to achieve the goal of reducing the spread of COVID 19 for the generation of children, the cooperation of related parties has been carried out. useful in vaccinating children aged 6 to 11 years. This collaboration supports and strengthens each other. Human resources play a key role in driving policy implementation because they act as the driver. Lack of adequate information, training or human resource competencies contributes to the frequent failure of policy implementation. Human resources have the greatest impact on the efficiency and quality of execution. FORKOPIMCAM sees human resources as the initiative behind the initiative. To make the implementation of child vaccines successful, the public must be informed about the spread of COVID-19 and utilize all available human resources

IMPLEMENTASI AREA TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM (ATCS) SEBAGAI PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI DINAS PERHUBUNGAN KOTA MALANG

The growth of cities and the movement of people who have experienced very rapid development is aimed at an increasing population, increasing income and increasing workforce. This raises the demand for transportation to increase so that it requires solutions to meet the conditions that occur in safe and orderly traffic. One form of solution in improving services on the transportation system is the presence of ATCS. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of the Area Traffic Control System (ATCS) as a public service at the Malang city transportation service. The theory used in this research is the implementation of policies according to George Edward III which there are 4 factors that influence the success or failure of policy implementation. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Data collection was done by means of interviews, observations, and documentation, then the data were analyzed by data collection procedures, data reduction and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the ATCS solution provided by the Malang City Transportation Service has been running well as evidence that the application of ATCS can reduce the level of accidents and congestion that occurs in traffic.

Peningkatan Upaya Adaptasi dan Mitigasi dalam Program Kampung Iklim di Nagari Paru Sijunjung

This study aims to determine the implementation of the Climate Village Program in Nagari Paru. The Climate Village Program aims to overcome environmental problems and encourage communities to improve their adaptability and mitigation of climate change. This research uses qualitative research with descriptive method. There are 4 factors that influence the success or failure of policy implementation, namely (1) communication, (2) resources, (3) disposition and (4) bureaucratic structure. The results showed that the Implementation of the Climate Village Excellence Program, namely: Adaptation, namely: a. Drought control (rainwater harvesting, water infiltration, spring protection) b. Improved food security. c. climate-related disease control. Mitigation, namely a. Waste and solid waste management. b. Adding vegetation cover c. Doing agricultural cultivation.

Oil markets between Scylla of recovery and Charybdis of climate policy

In 2020 the energy transition path was distorted by the COVID-19 pandemic which caused a sharp economic decline and a fast global recovery in 2021. Unlike that period, the years between 2001 and 2019 illustrated a different type of energy evolution for developed and developing countries regarding primary energy consumption. During this period the composition of energy balances of these two major groups demonstrated dramatic disparity, notably marked by the high share of coal in developing countries. The shock of 2020 led to a belief in expediting the transition to green energy, but in 2021 the economic recovery revived demand for oil and coal, dashing hopes for the growing renewable energy sources sector in the European Union that year. The return of coal, however, to the EU energy sector and stable demand for motor fuel globally led to the restoration of the GHG emission growth against the backdrop of the climate policy implementation failure. The current energy transition is denoted by features such as the flat oil demand in developed countries, the flat global demand for motor gasoline and the growing demand for diesel. The econometrics of demand for two motor oil products are quite opposite. For gasoline we have almost all hypotheses met: the negative influence of climate policy and oil prices, strong effect of dummies for shock of 2020 and 2021, and naturally 0.3 coefficient at GDP growth rate. Nevertheless, for diesel everything is exactly the opposite — only 0,4 coefficient at GDP and practically nothing else. This effect shows the strong role and trend for cargo use of diesel fueled trucks in the global economy. The high income of oil and gas majors in 2021 did not secure the investment upturn. A mature oil industry receives substantial profits for its investors, supplying dividends, and buying back debts without enlarging production capacities. At this point climate policy expectations of phasing out fossil fuels in the foreseeable future operated as a braking mechanism against reinvesting oil incomes. Moreover, at this junction we can observe governments’ limited capacity to pursue policies toward multiple objectives simultaneously: modest energy prices, energy transition and securing the sufficient capital formation for energy. The continued fusion of the economic upturn and energy transition will be dependent on demand and supply matching in the oil markets. It is also possible that the sanctions policies of 2022 may aggravate the situation, triggering high prices and uncertainties.

Gender Equality Policy Implementation – Managerial Fad or Fade?

Gender equality policy in organizations is an important and extensively researched topic. In recent years, scholars have studied the implementation aspects of gender equality policy. It has been accepted that the scope and effects of gender equality policy implementation fail at times. However, despite extensive evaluations, the specific reasons for gender equality policy implementation failure have rarely been considered. This is an important oversight, given the significance of policy implementation in the organizational domain, to ensure ongoing gender equality policy adaptation and execution. Moreover, previous research has largely focused on various procedural domains, and it is unclear whether these domains will remain valid in the context of gender equality implementation or whether various organizational antecedents may have implications for true gender equality policy implementation. The purpose of this paper is to identify specific barriers—organizational and individual—that impede gender equality policy implementation. We draw upon thirty-three semistructured interviews conducted in the second largest public service organization in Israel. Our findings point to the conclusion that despite massive regulations to promote gender equality, meaningful implementation has not occurred. We identify key organizational and individual barriers and propose practical steps to speed up gender equality policy implementation in the public service sector. The research calls for an enrichment of the literature on the implementation of gender equality policies, incorporating individual and organizational barriers to practices and policies.

Policy implementation through performance measurement: A study of water pollution remediation in China's Huai River Basin

AbstractPerformance‐oriented management has been proposed as a remedy to policy implementation failure, which is a persuasive woe globally. Recent scholarship on policy implementation through performance measurement and management focuses on client‐oriented services, with less attention paid to the inadequacy of performance indicators in covering all desirable policy goals and in incentivizing all government officials in a non‐client‐oriented service arena, for instance, environmental governance. Based on station‐level water quality data before and after the implementation of China's Huai River Basin Water Quality Accountability Program, we utilize a difference‐in‐differences (DiD) method to investigate how various water quality indicators in the Huai River Basin (HRB) have responded to the new personnel‐based performance measurement system which aimed to enhance environmental policy implementation at the local level. We show that the program succeeded in motivating government officials to meet targeted indicators, but it also led to the worsening of non‐targeted ones. We also find that the impact of this personnel‐based program was sensitive to personal and contextual factors: it affected younger local officials more strongly than those who were older and saw a more limited prospect for promotion. These findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of the personnel‐based measurement system, which may be considered by other countries, particularly those with authoritarian regimes and significant policy implementation failures. At the same time, complementary measures such as institutional arrangements that discover and report omitted important performance aspects, should be considered to safeguard the possible pitfalls of the system.

Womenomics and Migrant Workers Policy: Can They Solve Labor Shortage in Japan?

Aging population threatens economic conditions in Japan which results in a condition of labor shortage, furthermore the government provides Womenomics’ and accepting migrant workers policy to solve the issue. This research aims to give an understanding about Japan’s labor shortage condition and how it can be solved by Womenomics and accepting migrant workers. Therefore, this research emphasized the labor shortage conditions and the failure factors of Womenomics’ and accepting migrant workers in Japan. Essentially, this study applied the qualitative case study method by referring to the literature review conducted by previous studies. The findings of this research are meant providing suggestions to Japan’s government about how important it is to enforce appropriate policies to tackle labor shortages and to minimize policy failure of policy implementation.

Implementasi Program Bantuan Sosial Pemerintah Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) terhadap Keluarga Penerima Manfaat (KPM) di Desa Semarum Kecamatan Durenan Kabupaten Trenggalek

Indonesian Conditional Cash Transfer Programme or Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) is a conditional social assistance program for poor families in the form of cash allocated according to the components in the Beneficiary Families or Keluarga Penerima Manfaat (KPM). In Semarum Village, the PKH program has excited since 2013, but the PKH program is considered unsatisfactory because the number of KPM has not decreased significantly and in practice there are also several obstacle. Therefore, it is important to know the implementation of the PKH program. This research uses the theory of the Edward III public policy implementation model, where there are four factors or variables that influence the success or failure of policy implementation, namely : communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. The purpose of this research is to understand the implementation of the PKH program and change in KPM conditions before and after the PKH program in Semarum Village, Durenan District, Trenggalek Regency in 2020. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Selection of informants using purposive sampling technique. Data collection technique using participant observation technique and in-depth interviews. As well as data analysis technique using Huberman and Miles interactive analysis model. The result showed that the implementation of the PKH program on KPM in Semarum Village was successful because of the four factors or variables that affect the success or failure of policy implementation, all of them were achieved. Regarding change in the condition of KPM in Semarum Village before and after the PKH program in 2020, it can be seen from several indication, namely social conditions, economic, education, health and success in breaking the poverty chain.Keywords: implementation, PKH, poverty.

Evolution and Policy Reforms in Tanzania: A Glance on Education Sector Development to Year 2010.

This article focuses on the education sector policy development in Tanzania, by a review of related literature. It starts with a brief on education in colonial times through of Mwalimu Nyerere in Tanzania politics; educational aspects of the Ujamaa na Kujitegemea policy leading into Education for Self-Reliance; recent educational policies reflecting the reforms experienced in Tanzania; and finally a look at the most recent educational document, ESDP, as a working document. A close look reveals the long persisting educational problems that have been moving with the reforms. It is clear that the educational reforms and policies had, always, political forces behind them as well as global economic changes on its broadest sense. Post 1980 economic forces dismantled whatever was built by the political forces, in the name of reforms. These, when combined with existing problems, raises a number of questions; Is the failure of policy implementation a result of little or no consideration of educational research? And what is the educational research position when it comes to influencing policy implementation? This paper argues that reform and transformations in policies are based on foreign forces, ad hoc measures and limited scientific evaluation of issues from the local initiatives. This has led into catch up approach of policy making in education sector, making it difficult to establish long-term success base. By implication this means that scholars within the state borders, whether by design or default had stayed out of policy processes.

Implementasi Kebijakan Command Center 112 di Surabaya

Command Center 112 adalah inovasi pelayanan publik mengenai tanggap darurat bencana di Kota Surabaya. Inovasi ini merupakan sebuah layanan telepon laporan aduan keadaan darurat dari masyarakat yang bisa diakses 24 jam non-stop dan bebas pulsa. Layanan ini mengsinergikan dengan Organisasi Perangkat Daerah (OPD) dalam satu ruangan kendali (Command Center Room). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana implementasi kebijakan Command Center 112 di Kota Surabaya. Teori standar implementasi yang digunakan adalah teori George C. Edward III dapat dijadikan acuan pengukuran keberhasilan atau kegagalan implementasi kebijakan antara lain (1) komunikasi, (2) sumber daya, (3) disposisi dan (4) struktur birokrasi menurut jurnal (Putra & Tukiman, 2019). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu, wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi sedangkan teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis interaktif yang dikembangkan oleh Miles dan Huberman meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, display data dan penarikan kesimpulan (Herdiansyah, 2010). Hasil dari penelitian ini berdasarkan teori George C. Edward III sebagai tolak ukur menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan Command Center 112 di Kota Surabaya sudah baik ditunjukkan oleh Pusat Komando Command Center 112 di Kota Surabaya diadakan di satu ruangan atau disebut Command Center Room, didalamnya terdapat berbagai lembaga atau OPD untuk menerima laporan masyarakat dan kondisi kota. Namun, masih terdapat masalah pada masyarakat yang seringkali menggunakan layanan telefon ini tidak sesuai dengan SOP (Standar Operasional Prosedur). Selain itu, diperlukan sosialisasi kembali agar masyarakat mengetahui dan paham kepada layanan ini.

Lost in Translation: The Jimmo Case as Policy Implementation Failure

The Jimmo case involved a 2011 lawsuit against the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) alleging they illegally used an improvement standard instead of a need standard to make coverage decisions for Medicare home health and other Medicare beneficiaries. In 2013 CMS and the plaintiffs reached a settlement with CMS agreeing to replace the improvement standard with a need standard and conduct an education campaign to ensure its proper implementation. A literature review indicates no studies on the nature, significance, or impacts of the Jimmo case in Medicare home health. The current study is an initial, exploratory study to address the literature gap, based on interviews of a convenience sample of 28 home care nurses between January 2019 and May 2019 in the New York City metropolitan area. Results indicate nurses believe they had little to no knowledge of the Jimmo case; there was limited communication about the case from their agencies; they lacked guidance on the implications of the case on intake and eligibility decisions; they received no guidance on the impact of the case on documentation; and that their lack of knowledge and guidance had adverse impacts on patients.

How can universities contribute to regional competitiveness policy-making?

Purpose This paper aims to contribute to understanding regional competitiveness policy-making and the role academic organisations can play in that process. Competitiveness policies have evolved in the past decades from a single to a multiple-domain field, which has made the policy-making process more complex by adding more actors with their particular experience and view. This complexity, together with the relevance of overcoming traditional policy implementation failures, pleads for a new approach to competitiveness policy-making, in which academic organisations can act as “anchor institutions”. This framework is based on the adaptive implementation concept. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses the Basque case to analyse the role of universities in competitiveness policy-making and focuses on a specific academic organisation, which has contributed through different projects to regional policy-making. Evidences from those projects through different policy phases are included in the case. Findings The case shows how academic organisations might play a key role in fostering an adaptive implementation approach in competitiveness policy-making at the regional level and which specific characteristics these organisations should develop to fulfil this role. Originality/value This paper brings together two important issues for regional competitiveness: the importance of policy implementation and the particular role of engaged universities in such a process.