Elaboration Of Policies Research Articles

Spatiotemporal Features of the Surface Urban Heat Island of Bacău City (Romania) during the Warm Season and Local Trends of LST Imposed by Land Use Changes during the Last 20 Years

Using MODIS and Landsat LST images, the present paper advances a series of results on the characteristics of the surface heat island (SUHI) of Bacău City (Romania) during the warm season (April to September) for a period of 20 years (2001–2020). At the same time, given their higher temporal resolution and their availability for both day and night, MODIS LST was used to understand the spatial features of the SUHI in relation to land use. In this way, a total of 946 MODIS Terra and 483 Landsat satellite images were used to outline the main LST characteristics of the days with clear sky in this middle-sized city in northeast Romania. In order to analyze MODIS LST changes in relation to land use changes in the period 2001–2018, we used the standardized CORINE Land Cover datasets. With the help of the Rodionov test, we were able to determine the geometry and intensity of the SUHI. During the day, the spatial extension of the SUHI reaches its maximum level and is delimited by the isotherm of 31.0 °C, which is 1.5–2.0 °C warmer than the neighboring non-urban areas. During the night, the SUHI has a more regulated spatial extension around the central area of the city, delimited by the 15.5 °C isotherm with LST values that are 1.0–1.5 °C warmer than the surrounding non-urban areas. Additionally, from a methodological point of view, we highlight that resampled MODIS and Landsat images at a spatial resolution of 500 m can be used with confidence to understand the detailed spatial features of the SUHI. The results of this study could help the elaboration of future policies meant to mitigate the effects of urbanization on the SUHI in an era of increasing air temperatures during summer.

Edukacja kobiet w kontekście imperialnej polityki narodowej (na przykładzie ziem byłego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w latach 1830–1860)

The article traces the process of elaboration of education policies in women’s education in the Northwest of the Russian Empire by different agents of the imperial state on the central and local levels in the 1830s–1860s. The principal goal is not the history of education in a gendered perspective but rather the history of female social roles and national differences in this troubling imperial borderland. The ethnic and confessional markers of difference in the analysis aimed at producing a complex and dynamic picture of conjuncture of social, national, and gender discourses as well as idiosyncratic local considerations in contradictory efforts of imperial social engineering are complicated by the gender marker.

Interorganizational Networks For Competitiveness in Tourism

The present research aims to compile and analyze the existing literature on the role of interorgani– zational networks in the competitiveness of tourist destinations. To this end, a systematic literature review methodology was used. In this study were analyzed 113 articles published between 2001 and 2020 to identify and classify the main topics in this knowledge domain. The finding results has enabled us to develop a framework that informs about the main subjects discussed, findings, and ambiguities. The results have also suggested an agenda for further investigation to the scientific community. Identifying the factors stimulating and limiting network collaboration can influence the elaboration of policies and decision–making by organizations.

SAFA FAO as an assessment tool for family farming under the sustainability bias

The use of Rapid Assessment Protocols can characterise environmental problems such as the degradation of river sources, help understand the socio-environmental scenario of rural communities, and contribute to a more in-depth characterisation of the context and the elaboration of public policies for its solution. This work aims to evaluate the sustainability index (SI) of rural properties using the SAFA tool. Indicators were selected that can contribute to identifying the advantages and limitations of rural properties inserted in a stream micro-basin in Brazil (Barra Grande, Canoinhas, Santa Catarina State). The community generally has a good SI, mainly due to economic resilience and social well- being dimensions, with lowest scores in environmental integrity and good governance. On the other hand, themes that should receive attention to increase the SI of the families are related to the increase of biodiversity in the properties, with an emphasis on forest coverage.

Economic, energetic and environmental analysis of the utilization of swine manure in Brazil: Opportunities and challenges

Faced with the worsening of climate issues, nations are directing efforts to build renewable energy matrices. Specifically with regard to biomass, it can contribute to the creation and strengthening of green competitive advantages in terms of cost for agricultural units. Strictly, swine biomass, considered to have a high polluting load, can contribute to achieving the aforementioned benefits. Therefore, the objective of this article is to analyze the potential economic, environmental and energy contribution of this waste, whether in breeding units, as well as in the Brazilian energy matrix, both aiming to guide investments in the sector and also to guide the elaboration of public policies for the valorization of externalities ecosystemic of this waste, with emphasis on the bioelectricity, biofertilizers and biomethane market. The methodology used was the analysis of the financial viability of breeding units from 100 to 500 swines from 25 kg to 100 kg, with 252 days of operation, 10 h a day, with the use of canvas biodigestor and motor generator with efficiency between 25% up to 38% for electricity price ranges from USD 35.35/MWh to USD 155.35/MWh, sale of carbon credit, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride. Taxes on the sale of electricity and fertilizers at 34%, with a minimum attractive rate of 12% per annum. The results indicate viability for the entire range of numbers of swine, with the sale of fertilizers and electricity and electricity at a price of USD 35.35/MWh. For the exclusive sale of electricity, for efficiency of the thermoelectric motor between 25% and 38%, there is economic and financial viability beginning at 31% for production units of 100 swine with a price of USD 125.35/MWh. This business is viable with at least 200 swine through the replacement of diesel with 10% generated biogas. It can be concluded that there is a need to reformulate the incentive policy in Brazil, through the implementation of feed in tariffs; price the MWh, in the regulated market, based on its environmental externalities; extension of the free market hiring period; the development of teaching policies with farmers about the importance of reusing waste, aiming at replacing synthetic fertilizer with biofertilizer; convergence between the Union and Federative Units on incentive policies, with emphasis on the standardization of biomethane and the creation of captive markets, which provide predictability to agricultural investors, the industries that manufacture biomethane engines and expansion of the gas pipeline network in the country.

Reservoir simulation of the CO[formula omitted] storage potential for the depositional environments of West Siberia

We evaluate the CO2 storage potential for the depositional environments of the West Siberian sedimentary basin. Particularly, we investigate the prospect of storing large volumes of CO2 in the alluvial fan, barrier island, deltaic, and fluvial environments. We employ several detailed 3-D models of petroleum reservoirs as proxies for the saline aquifers occurring in the basin under the listed environments. By simulating supercritical CO2 injection into several reservoir sectors, we compare the environments in terms of their prospects for the underground storage of CO2. We estimate the maximum capacity and storage potential for the entire sectors by considering them the resources licensed for an industrial-scale Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project. The scenarios with a single and multiple injection wells are assessed in the evaluation, which might be of interest for the elaboration of feasible regulations and policies in the area. We find out that the barrier island deposits are characterized by maximum potential, whereas the fluvial environments are the least suitable for deploying CCS. We demonstrate that for the barrier island environments, the storage potential is most sensitive to the relative permeability end-points. We also test several scaling concepts for extending our estimates for a single-well injection to a multi-well scenarios and generally from a site-specific to regional scale. We conclude that due to the interference between nearby wells, the storage potential for a single well scenario cannot reliably be scaled to the case of CO2 injection through a group of wells.

Tourism and public insecurity: what are its roots?

PurposeStudies examining public insecurity and tourism tend to develop their research from the tourist's perspective, thereby focusing on its consequences, which insufficiently and poorly contribute to the development process. With that in mind, the purpose of this study is to discuss the root causes of public insecurity and the urban development process surrounding tourism dynamics in Brazil's northeast region.Design/methodology/approachThe complexity method was used to collect both documentary and normative data to understand the reality beyond the data on accommodations and vertical real estate developments over time. These data were organized in ArcGIS (version 10.5) and are discussed within the context of urban development, public insecurity and tourism theories.FindingsThe results of this study demonstrate that the relationship between tourism and public insecurity is rooted in discussions surrounding the urban development process, remodeled by the physical and symbolic dimensions surrounding the production of space. Nevertheless, the symbolism of tourism is not a constant when it comes to socio-spatial changes but rather acts as a physical and secondary dynamic throughout the entire reconfiguration process.Originality/valueThe findings of this study indicate that this study can be used for the elaboration of security policies in tourist destinations in Latin America that present high levels of violence, considering the discourses at implementing urban legislation.

Oral health-related quality of life in a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis (PD) are chronic diseases that are associated with connective tissue and bone destruction, which affects the quality of life of the people suffering from these conditions. The identification of social conditions and the determinants of RA and PD would permit the elaboration of policies and strategies based on social reality. The aim of the present study was to identify the relationship between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and the indicators of general health and oral health in patients with RA. A cross-sectional study involving 59 patients with RA was conducted between 2019 and 2020. Demographic, general health, periodontal, and oral health parameters were collected. In addition, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was administered to each patient. A description of the OHIP-14 dimensions according to different variables was performed. The relationship between OHRQoL and general/oral health indicators was analyzed with logistic and linear regression analyses. The highest OHIP-14 scores were found in people that were 60 years of age and over, single, had low educational achievements, a low socioeconomic status, were unemployed, and had no health affiliation. In the adjusted model, the prevalence of the impact on OHRQoL was 1.34 (1.10-5.29) times greater in those with erosive RA than in those without, and 2.22 (1.16-29.50) times greater in those who self-reported morning stiffness. Regarding the stage of PD, those with stage IV had a prevalence of the impact on the OHRQoL of 70%, an average extent of 3.4 ±4.5 and a severity score of 11.5 ±22.0, with statistically significant differences. The dimensions with the greatest impact on the OHRQoL of patients were physical pain, discomfort and psychological disability. The type of RA and the severity of PD are indicators of worse scores on the OHRQoL scale.

Sugarcane and Coffee in the Extreme Southern Region of Bahia, Brazil: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis and Socioeconomic Factors

The região extremo sul da Bahia(RESB-Extreme Southern Region of Bahia) hasagricultural aptitude for several crops and has already been subjected to the expansion of sugarcane and coffee. Thus, this work analyzes the spatial and temporal dynamics of sugarcane and coffee monocultures in the RESB and their relationship with socioeconomic indices. The methodology consists of collection and analysis of data from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), which is the main provider of geographic information and statistics in Brazil,the Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento(CONAB), which is responsible for providing technical information to support decision-making regarding the elaboration of policies aimed at agricultureand the Atlas Brasil platform. Data were collected regarding the planted area and the amount of sugarcane and coffee produced in the region between 1988 and 2019. To understand the relationship between expansion and socioeconomic factors, data related to gross domestic product (GDP) and municipal human development index (MHDI) were collected. This study identified the main sugarcane-producing municipalities (Caravelas, Mucuri, Medeiros Neto, Nova Viçosa, Lajedão, Ibirapuã and Santa Cruz Cabrália) and coffee (Prado, Itamaraju, Porto Seguro, Eunapolis, Teixeira de Freitas and Itabela). The expansion of these crops presents economic importance for the region, but presents a little contribution to the improvement of the various factors that make up the MHDI of the municipalities. This study concluded that the expansion of these crops changed the agricultural matrix of the region due to its specialization in the production of these crops to the detriment of others such as cocoa, for example.

Public Influence on US-Afghan Policy After 9/11 G. Almond’s Structural Functionalist Approach

The war in Afghanistan had been examined and analyzed through multiple theoretical frameworks, most of which belong to the field of international relations. However, this paper provides an explanation from a functionalist theoretical prism and employ Gabriel Almond’s structural functionalist approach in the field of political science, which is focused on political system and policy elaboration process within the system. In this manner, theory attempts to bring clarification to US foreign policy decision-making process on war in Afghanistan while underlining the US public influence. The paper aims to dissect Gabriel Almond’s theory through the political system and provide understanding how the integral components of the system interact with each other and how this interaction affects the results of foreign policy on US-Afghanistan example. According to the given research public mood had an important potential in affecting the US foreign policy decision-making process towards Afghanistan.

PARTICIPATORY INVENTORY AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF OTHER PERSPECTIVES ON CULTURAL HERITAGE: COLLABORATIVE EXPERIENCES IN SÃO RAIMUNDO NONATO - PIAUÍ

This article seeks to reflect on the potential of participatory inventories as instruments to expand the concept of heritage and promote an ecology of knowledge. For that, we present how the participatory inventory that has been developed in the municipality of São Raimundo Nonato - Pi has helped in the construction of other perspectives on the cultural heritage of the municipality, enabling the construction of collaborative narratives about them. The collected data indicate that the identification of goods with “heritage value” by our collaborators tends to be based on aspects of their family and affective trajectory, being this an element to be considered in the elaboration of policies and actions of definition, valorization and heritage protection.

Estado nutricional e tendência temporal da cobertura de adolescentes brasileiros acompanhados no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional, 2008 a 2019

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the nutritional status and temporal trend of the coverage of Brazilian adolescents monitored in the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System in the period 2008-2019. Methods: ecological study of temporal series with SISVAN data collected from 2008 to 2019 with 45,869.266 registration. Body mass index data were collected and the registration coverage of adolescents monitored by the system was calculated. The percentage of annual variation in coverage and nutritional status was estimated using Prais-Winsten regression, with a significance level of 5%. Results: an increase in the prevalence of obesity was observed between 2008 and 2019, during this period thinness remained stable in Brazil. National coverage evolved from 9.3% in 2008 to 19.6% in 2019, with an annual variation of 9% and a statistically significant increase trend. In Brazil, obesity in this age group increased between 2008 and 2019, with an annual variation of 8.7% (CI95% = 7.8-9.6). Conclusion: modifications were observed in nutritional status suggest the occurrence of nutritional transition in the adolescents’ population. The percentage of coverage available in the system has growth potential, however, the current scenario impacts on a possible insufficient analysis to support the elaboration and reorientation of public policies.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Hospital Admissions for Alcohol-related Liver Disease and Pancreatitis in Western Sydney.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Hospital Admissions for Alcohol-related Liver Disease and Pancreatitis in Western Sydney.

Obesity and intersectionality: critical analysis of narratives within public health policies in Brazil (2004-2021)

This study aimed to critically analyze the narrative of Brazilian public health policies in obesity care based on an intersectional approach. This is a qualitative exploratory, documentary, and analytical study based on the "What's the problem represented to be?" approach (WPR). This approach constitutes a methodological instrument for critical analysis of public policies based on six guiding questions. A total of ten documents were selected, published from 2004 to 2021 by the Brazilian government. The critical analysis resulted in three categories: (i) obesity causes and the dominant narrative: what problems are represented?; (ii) dominant narrative and health care: what are the effects for people with obesity?; (iii) obesity and intersectionality: where are silences? The consumption of food and sedentary lifestyle were the dominant narrative as causes of obesity. Intersectionality, mediated by the categories of gender/sex, race/skin-color, and social class, was identified as silenced in the narrative of public health policies, not being associated as linked causes of obesity, nor effectively included in the proposed actions of the policies. The silences found in the study highlight the need to include intersectionality in the elaboration and execution of public health policies and in the care of people with obesity. Considering the intersections of gender/sex, race/skin-color, and social class and their forms of oppression in the emergence and aggravation of obesity, critical analyses of simplistic narratives in public health policies are extremely relevant to problematize gaps affect the care of users with obesity.

Temporary trend of breast cancer mortality in the state of Santa Catarina in the period from 1996 to 2019

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common female cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women around the world. It has repercussions not only on human health, but also on health services due to the high incidence resulting in a large number of consultations and treatments. The disease is responsible for a large demand for hospitalizations throughout Brazil, where an increase in mortality rates is observed and Santa Catarina does not differ from the national scenario. The study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of the breast cancer mortality rate in the state of Santa Catarina from 1996 to 2019 Methods: This is an ecological epidemiological study of time series of breast cancer mortality in the population residing in the state according to age groups and health macro-regions. Data were obtained from the Mortality Information System and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Simple linear regression of standardized mortality rates according to the world standard population was performed. p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Data showed 9,637 deaths in the period. There was a significant upward trend in mortality in the state (from 6.50 to 7.92/100,000 women). An upward trend was observed in the age groups of 30–39 years, 60–69 years, and over 80 years. All seven health macro-regions showed an upward trend in mortality. Conclusion: The overall mortality rate from breast cancer in Santa Catarina showed a significant upward trend. A significant increase was also observed in the age groups of 30–39 years, 60–69 years, and 80 years old or older and in all health macro-regions. Problems in public health infrastructure, lack of control of risk factors and deficiency in mammographic screening are revealed. The elaboration and strengthening of public policies to control the disease are fundamental.

Multicriteria Decision Model to Support the Evaluation of Common Jurisdiction Violence in the Capital Cities of the States of Mexico

The capital cities of the states of the Mexican Republic present a considerable heterogeneity in terms of their level of public security, so their correct characterization is an essential requirement, but not sufficient, for the elaboration of public policies for the prevention of crimes in the common jurisdiction. In this paper, we propose a multicriteria decision model based on the hierarchical ELECTRE III method that assists in how a policymaker can carry out this task. The objective of the work is to measure and compare the incidence of crimes of common jurisdiction in the capital cities of the states of the Mexican Republic. This model compares public security in 31 capital cities, adapting the situation as a multicriteria ranking problem to order the different capitals by their level of public security. The results showed that the model could identify the level of comprehensive public security of a capital city compared to the rest. Similarly, it also shows the disparities of this phenomenon between capital cities in relation to high, medium and low impact crimes.

Violência doméstica contra as mulheres e as políticas no Brasil e em Portugal nos anos de 2010 a 2020

The article inteds to discuss domestic violence against women in Portugal and Brazil, through the analysis of policies and strategies adopted to prevent and solve the problem. This theoretical discussion contributes to the elaboration of effective policies. This article presents the historical-political perspective of the issue, the construction of policies and the actions taken in the last decade. This study is supported by a qualitative documentary method, with a literature, legislation and official documents review. The results indicate that Portugal privilegies protection, prevention, support and prosecution actions. Brazil has a national policy that prioritizes actions to combat and confront domestic violence, assistance, access and guarantee of rights to the victims. In conclusion, the policies of both coutries should include victims of violence to plan strategies and actions, enabling a better dialogue, more autonomy and inclusion of the different groups of women affected by the problem.

The eco-efficiency of municipalities in the recycling of solid waste: A stochastic semi-parametric envelopment of data approach.

Eco-efficiency assessment of municipal solid waste (MSW) suppliers is a useful tool in the transition to a circular economy. Furthermore, it provides evidence of the economic and environmental performance of municipalities that can be used for decision-making and/or elaboration of regulatory policies. In this study, eco-efficiency scores were computed for a sample of 140 Chilean municipalities in the provision of MSW services. In doing so, the stochastic semi-parametric envelopment of data method was applied. It is a novel technique which overcomes the limitations of parametric (stochastic frontier analysis) and non-parametric (data envelopment analysis) methods previously employed to evaluate the eco-efficiency of MSW services. The average eco-efficiency of the 140 assessed municipalities was 0.332 which indicates that they could save 66.8% of their operational costs and recycling the same amount of waste. Moreover, 61.4% of the evaluated municipalities presented an eco-efficiency score which was lower than 0.4, whereas the other municipalities (38.6% of the sample) exhibited an eco-efficiency which raged between 0.4 and 0.80. Hence, none of the municipalities assessed was identified as eco-efficient which, implies that there is room for all municipalities to reduce operational costs in the management of MSW. Population density, tourism and location of the municipality were identified as factors influencing the eco-efficiency of the municipalities in MSW management.

Can sustainable urban planning determine people’s happiness and well-being?

Purpose – This study was designed to present how urban planning is associated with, and explain psychological well-being, health, time use, education, cultural diversity and resilience, community vitality, good governance, ecological diversity, resilience, and living standards. We used Gross National Happiness Index (GNH) as theoretical background. Design/methodology/approach – Quantitative and explanatory research was conducted and operationalized through a survey of 212 citizens. We used data from a mid-sized city, inner Santa Catarina state, Brazil. Findings – The linear regression showed that urban planning predicts happiness and well-being. More specifically, urban planning impacts more time use perception; community vitality; ecological diversity and resilience; and most important, living standards. Research implications – we found that urban planning impacts more on the variables that are directly related to the environment, explained by the pillars of sustainable socio-economic development and environmental conservation. The individual and psychological dimensions related to health, culture, and education don't show the same impact, as well as good governance. Originality/value: a potential study to be used by government agencies to act directly in the elaboration of public policies once it is understood that using the GNH can identify specific deficits.

A contribuição da logística para o fortalecimento da produção nacional e para o acesso universal no âmbito do SUS

ABSTRACT The objective was to point out the essential elements of logistics that contribute to the promotion of access in the context of the health production system to articulate national production, reduce external dependence to enable universal access and the strengthening of the Unified Health System (SUS) in the context of the pandemic and health crisis. Qualitative bibliographic-based research was used as a methodological strategy on the concepts of health system, public health, access to medicines, added to the profile of national logistics operators and the operationalization of the Ministry of Health’s national immunization plan against COVID-19. It was concluded that logistics plays a fundamental role in promoting access to health technologies and it is necessary to undertake research efforts that include the actors of the productive sector capable of contributing to the elaboration of public policies in the field of health. The central elements of logistics need to be highlighted in order to strengthen an agenda that articulates the Health Economic-Industrial Complex with universal access, considering logistical factors as critical elements without which access does not materialize. Logistical systems should be thought of as a resource of universal health systems to enable their integrality and sustainability.