Policy Variables Research Articles

The influence of psychological cognition and policy environment on the basin residents' behavior of ecological compensation under the background of carbon neutrality: A case study in upper Yellow River basin, China

Public participation in river basin ecological compensation is one of the effective means to adjust the multi stakeholder relationship and promote low-carbon development. This paper takes the upper Yellow River basin section as the research area, adds ecological compensation policy variables to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). An integrated theoretical framework is established from the two levels of personal psychological cognition and policy environment, which can comprehensively consider multiple factors that affect individual behavior. This paper uses the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to empirically analyze the impact of psychological factors and river basin ecological compensation policy on the public's willingness and behavior to participate in river basin ecological compensation. The results showed that the three psychological cognitive factors of behavior attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control had a significant impact on the public's willingness to participate in ecological compensation. The ecological compensation policy also has a significant impact on the willingness and behavior of the public to participate in ecological compensation. The impact coefficient of ecological compensation policy on the participation willingness is 0.085, and the impact coefficient on the participation behavior is 0.551. The existing ecological compensation policies in carbon neutral contexts have a stronger effect on the public participation behavior, but a weaker impact on the public's willingness to participate. The existing policies in carbon neutral contexts play a small role in mobilizing the public's enthusiasm from the psychological cognitive level, but the willingness to participate has a significant direct impact on the participation behavior. The research conclusions of this paper can help to broaden the theoretical framework of public participation and provide new ideas and methods for improving the ecological compensation mechanism of the river basin.

Investigating Divergent Energy Policy Fundamentals: Warfare Assessment of Past Dependence on Russian Energy Raw Materials in Europe

The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the resulting warfare within direct proximity to the European Union (EU) have significantly changed the conditions of Europe’s energy policy. Consequently, the energy security agencies and governments have been deliberating over an energy trilemma: the problem of balancing affordability, security, and environmental considerations, with much greater ramifications than before the breakout of the current military conflict. The past structural similarities and differences of the EU member states’ dependence on Russian energy raw materials, and the factors that might have determined those differences, may be among the key drivers of future energy policy choices in Europe and the prospective paths of the European Green Deal (EGD). Historical convergence might encourage an EGD consensus, while divergent past patterns might not allow for such a single direction throughout the EU. The multifaceted research proposed in this paper, from descriptive statistics to multiple linear regression model analyses, identifies structural dissimilarities among the EU economies relating to their dependence on Russia. Key findings suggest that the past dependencies on Russian energy raw materials have not been similar across the EU countries, and have been associated with the economic size of the EU member states and their proximity to or remoteness from Russia. In this regard, economic size and distance from Russia may be significant determinants of certain dissimilarities. Some countries, especially Estonia, Lithuania, and Poland, have demonstrated a structurally different energy mix dependence on Russian fossil energy raw materials than countries more remote from Russia that boast a higher GDP per capita.

Monetary Policy Variables and Economic Growth in Nigeria

This study aimed to find out the impact of monetary policy variables on economic growth in Nigeria, the specific objectives were to: examine the extent to which a rise in liquidity ratio impacts economic growth in Nigeria, investigate the magnitude by which interest rate contributed to economic growth in Nigeria, and determine if an increase in the exchange rate has a significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. The methods used in the study were unit root tests and ARDL tests. The empirical result showed liquidity ratio impacted positively on economic growth in the long run in Nigeria; interest rate impacted negatively on the economic growth in Nigeria; whereas exchange rate impacted negatively on economic growth in Nigeria. The study recommends that the Central Bank of Nigeria should ensure that deposit money banks maintained an adequate liquidity ratio that is needed for economic growth in the country. They should maintain a low and stable interest rate that will encourage investment in the country, and CBN should maintain a favorable exchange rate to attract foreign investors to invest in the country.

Divergence of Everyday Practices and School Policy on Mobile Use: Challenges to Developing EFL Learners’ Digital Literacies

Literature has suggested that digital literacies can enhance language learning through appropriate use of mobile technology since today’s young learners are immersed in mobile technology. However, to support English language learning through digital literacies in specific contexts, a learning environment with mobile technology should be examined. This paper aimed to report on mobile use for English language learning through digital literacies in Thai school contexts. Empirical evidence was reported from the mixed method research project with 400 Thai EFL learners and a group of teachers and administrators. Results from the quantitative and qualitative analysis showed the divergence of mobile phone use between EFL young learners’ everyday life and pedagogical practices and policy at school, affirming that mobile phone use for developing digital literacies at school was not favored for EFL learning on the basis of Web 2.0 components in the research context. This paper argues that a call for the development of digital literacies among Thai EFL learners needs to promote social practices of such literacies. Implications are discussed for future pedagogical practices and policy to promote digital literacies with mobile device use for EFL learning.

Divergence and convergence in international regulatory policies regarding genome-edited food: How to find a middle ground.

Regulations for organisms and products to which genome-editing technologies are applied are increasing in diversity, with the path-dependent effect of previous regulations for genetically modified organisms. Regulations for genome-editing technologies are a patchwork of international regulations that are difficult to harmonize. However, if the approaches are arranged in chronological order and the overall trend is examined, the regulation of genome-edited organisms and GM food products has recently been trending toward a middle ground which can be characterized as "limited convergence." There is a trend toward the adoption of two approaches: one that considers GMOs but tries to apply simplified regulations and another that excludes them from the scope of regulations as non-GMOs but requires confirmation. In this paper, we discuss why there is a tendency toward convergence of these two approaches and examine the challenges and implications of these two approaches for the governance of the agricultural and food sectors.

PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL, STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN DAN KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR PROPERTI, REAL ESTATE DAN KONSTRUKSI BANGUNAN

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of capital structure, ownership structure and dividend policy on company values. This is a causal associative-research. The population of this study consisted of 63 companies engaged in the property, real estate and building construction sectors and listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2017-2021. The samples were selected using non-probability purposive sampling since the selection required certain considerations. The data were analyzed using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) panel data regression of EViews 9. The results of the study revealed that the capital structure variable has positive and significant effects on the company values. This is shown by the regression coefficient value on the t test of 2.358820 and the significance level of 0.0200 > 0.05. Similarly, the ownership structure variable has positive and significant effect on the company values with regression coefficient value of the t test of 4.610279 and the significance level of 0.000 > 0.05. Meanwhile, the dividend policy variable has no significant effect on the company values since the regression coefficient on the t count is 1.475912 and at a significance level of 0.1427 > 0.05.

Factors Affecting Dividend Policy In Companies In The Era of Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aims to examine the effect of free cash flow, profitability, collateralizable asset and debt policy on dividend policy. The method of data analysis in this study uses the method of multiple regression analysis on Eviews program assistance and data collection method using purposive sampling. The data used are secondary data obtained from 81 data financial statements of sector property, real estate and building construction companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. The results of this study indicate that the free cash flow and collateralizable assets variable has a positive influence on dividend policy, while profitability and debt policy variable has no postitive effect on dividend policy

Meta-analysis of the role of equity dimensions in household solar panel adoption

If some households are less likely to be able to participate in solar panel adoption due to socio-economic or demographic characteristics, then inequity can exist. We use meta-regressions to analyse links between research characteristics and dimensions of equity including gender, economic distributions, renting, education, and ethnicity. We find that studies assessing actual solar panel uptake rather than intentions are less likely to analyse gender influences. Cross-sectional studies are more likely to include analyses of economic distributions and renting impacts but are less likely to assess policy variables. We also investigate links between research characteristics and prior findings. Significant influences of equity on solar panel uptake are 17 percentage points (p.p.) and 10 p.p. less likely to be found with regard to education and ethnicity, respectively, in household-level studies compared to aggregated studies. Our paper encourages more frequent analysis of equity aspects, coverage of a broader range of equity aspects, and analysis that incorporates both equity and policy variables. For research questions on household equity, we suggest using data on actual solar-panel uptake at the household level.

Information management in times of crisis

How does information management and control affect bank stability? Following a national bank holiday in 1933, NY state bank regulators suspended the publication of balance sheets of state-charter banks for two years, whereas the national-charter bank regulator did not. This divergence in policies is used to examine how the suspension of bank-specific information affected depositors and the portfolio of assets held by banks. State-charter banks benefited, experiencing less deposit outflows than national-charter banks in 1933. Further, the behavior of bank deposits across both types of banks converged in 1934 after the introduction of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

Fiscal policy and sukuk market development in OIC countries

PurposeThis study aims to examine the fiscal policy drivers of sovereign sukuk market development in selected Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries. Specifically, the research aims to analyze the effects of fiscal deficit, public debt and government expenditure on sovereign sukuk market development, while controlling for macroeconomic and financial factors.Design/methodology/approachThe sample consists of eight OIC member countries that play active role in the global sukuk market which include Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, Indonesia, Qatar, Pakistan, Turkey and Sudan. In addition, the study covers a period of 10 years spanning between 2011 and 2020. Similarly, the study uses three models, namely, random effect, generalized least square and system generalized method of moments panel models. To check for the robustness of the results, the study replaces current values of fiscal policy variables with one-year lagged values.FindingsThe findings establish that fiscal policy variables significantly influence the development of sovereign sukuk markets. Specifically, public debt is a significant fiscal variable that promotes sovereign sukuk market development, while fiscal deficit has a negative effect on the development of sovereign sukuk market. However, the findings suggest that government expenditure does not influence sovereign sukuk issuance in the OIC member countries.Practical implicationsThe study is significant to both investors and regulators in the sukuk market because it attempts to spotlight the importance of sound fiscal climate in developing sovereign sukuk market. Public debt is a facilitator, whereas fiscal deficit appears to be a constraint. Therefore, policymakers should determine the optimal mix of public debt and fiscal deficit in designing policies that promote sukuk market development.Originality/valueThe novelty of the study is its focus on the role of fiscal policy variables in facilitating sovereign sukuk market development. The study systematically establishes the link between fiscal policy and sovereign sukuk market in the OIC countries. Previous empirical studies focus extensively on the effects of macroeconomic, financial and institutional factors on sukuk market development.

The Role of Consumer Attitude and Renewable Energy towards Environmental Friendly Policies in the Intention to Comply With the Paid Plastic Environmental Friendly Policy

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of consumer attitudes and renewable energy on the intention to comply with the paid plastic environmentally friendly policy in North Sumatra Province through the environmental friendly policy variable made by the Government as a moderator variable.In this study the variables used are exogenous variables, namely consumer attitudes and renewable energy, while the endogenous variables areintention to comply with the paid plastic eco-friendly policy in North Sumatra Provinceand the moderator variable isEnvironmentally friendly policies made by the Government. In this study, the data taken were adult population data in North Sumatra Province in 2020 who used as much as of plastic4,177,004 souls. MThe research method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive research method using data analysis, namely path analysis using PLS 3.0 software.Based on the results of the research analysis, the conclusion of this study is partially that only consumer attitude variables affect the intention to comply with paid plastic environmentally friendly policies in North Sumatra Province and consumer attitudes and renewable energy variables affect environmentally friendly policy variables. Simultaneously, consumer attitudes and renewable energy variables affect the intention to comply with the paid plastic environmentally friendly policy in North Sumatra Province with the environmental friendly policy variable as the moderator variable.Through the results of the research that has been stated above, the adults of North Sumatra will have the intention to obey and obey all environmentally friendly policies that are carried out, such as creating renewable energy, where these policies are very useful so that the people of North Sumatra are protected from the dangers of environmental damage and disasters. nature that will happen if you still use energy from fossils that can pollute the land, sea and air.

Health aid for states with dissimilar foreign policy preferences, a tool for peace?

Due to its exigency and humanitarian nature, health aid is less political and thus less vulnerable to domestic and international criticism than other types of foreign aid. Ironically, this makes health aid an effective policy tool for donors to cultivate or improve relations with recipients that have divergent foreign policy preferences from donors. This implies that health problems caused by pandemics/epidemics and associated health aid can create an opportunity to ameliorate historically troubled relationships between states. By examining the link between bilateral health aid flows and differences in foreign policy preferences between 24 donors and their recipients from 1990 to 2017, this paper presents findings that support this claim. The theoretical arguments and empirical findings of this paper offer novel insights into the politics of health aid.

The indexing policy in the practices of Brazilian institutional repositories: A diagnostic study from the perception of managers and indexers

Institutional repositories aim to gather, treat and disseminate information resources produced in a given institution. The adoption of an indexing policy aims to improve information retrieval by the user community of the institutional repository, by proposing elements that standardize the practices of librarians who work in subject cataloging. The objective of the research is to analyze the perception of managers and indexers of Brazilian institutional repositories about the indexing policy for information organization and representation, with the specific objectives of performing a compared evaluation of elements and variables (characteristics, processes, and instruments) of the indexing policy regarding indexing and retrieval, discussion of vocabulary control procedures, and obtaining an overview focusing on the perception of the need for an indexing policy in Brazilian institutional repositories. Semi-structured interviews were applied to nine participants from eight institutional repositories to investigate the requirements, elements and variables of the indexing policy in the practice of managers and librarians of institutional repositories. The results reveal the need for improvements in the practices of the analyzed institutional repositories regarding the activities of subject cataloging, standardization of subject metadata, and vocabulary control, queries, and in carrying out tests or trials for continuous evaluation of indexing and information retrieval with users. The study also revealed that this scenario can be more positive if institutional repositories adopt an indexing policy for the practices they perform in repositories to be understood by managers and librarians as a tool to improve information retrieval. La política de indización en las prácticas de los repositorios institucionales brasileños: un estudio de diagnóstico desde la percepción de gestores e indexadores

Living wages in Portugal: In search of dignity in a polarised labour market

AbstractLiving wage (LW) is a concept that goes beyond that of national minimum wage (NMW), since it implies income adequacy to the wage earners and to his/her family members. It is coherent with the principle related to wages of the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR) namely the right of workers to fair wages, and the duty to ensure adequate minimum wages providing the satisfaction of the worker needs and of his/her family, which originated a proposal of the European Commission for a Directive on adequate minimum wages in the European Union. This article discusses the possibility of implementation of a LW policy in Portugal, a country with low average and median wages, a generous NMW relative to average and median wage, high earnings inequality and a polarised labour market. To be defensible, this policy should reach household income adequacy, be feasible regarding the labour and fiscal costs, and be socially acceptable regarding the change of earnings distribution. The discussion of this policy is made using EU‐SILC data and data from interviews with social partners involved in the national level social dialogue. We quantify and qualify some of the trade‐offs, simulating different values for core policy variables, centred on the worker as a wage earner, as a household member and as a citizen with social rights and fiscal duties, supported on an adequate normative estimation of a consensual Minimum Income Standard (MIS) for the Portuguese households.

Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Struktur Aset, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Kebijakan Utang (Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan Asuransi Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode Tahun 2016-2021)

This study examines the effect of profitability, asset structure, company area, and dividend policy variables on debt policy. This study used a sample of 14 insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2016-2021. It was explanatory research using a quantitative approach. The sampling method used purposive sampling.
 The results indicate that the variables of profitability, asset structure, company area, and dividend policy simultaneously affect debt policy. Profitability, asset structure, and dividend policy partially have a significant effect on debt policy. While the company area partially does not have a significant impact on debt policy. The most dominant variable influencing debt policy is the asset structure variable.

Bahasa dan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kelapa Sawit di Indonesia (Teori BREAK dan Linguistik Forensik)

Language and Policy for Palm Oil Development in Indonesia, using BREAK theory and policy analysis studies with deep forensic linguistic dimensions solving language problems and oil palm development policies. BREAK is an acronym for Discourse Basis, Discourse Relations, Discourse Equilibrum, Actualization Discourse, and Sustainability of Discourse. BREAK theory is a theory created by Sawirman on the failure of Kant(ian), Hegelian, and Marx(ian) dialectics in mapping the typology of movements and structures of changes in reality and discourse accommodating. This theory aims to explain linguistic phenomena along with see the movement of the essence and spirit of discourse. Policy analysis has a linguistic dimension Forensics requires knowledge and understanding of various multidisciplinary sciences. Relation language, law, and political strategy are the main variables in the analytical study policy with a forensic linguistic dimension. The results of this research show that the essence of primary discourse is planning regarding palm oil development to be better in the future. The essence of secondary discourse is news about conflicts over palm oil development that are not going well. The spirit of the primary discourse is to make changes for the better, while the spirit from secondary discourse is information that shows existing policies being sent off did not go well on the field. Next, on to policy analysis with a forensic linguistic dimension, there is an intrusion or action of a criminal within making and establishing oil palm development policies. So, on In practice in the field, oil palm development often results in conflicts.Keywords: discourse, policy, essence, spirit, BREAK, forensic linguistics

Effects of money policy on bank credit: Experimental evidence in Vietnam

This study examined the effect of monetary policy on bank credit in Vietnam. Time series data are obtained at quarterly frequency for the period 2000-2021. The factors of interest rate, exchange rate, expanded money supply growth, and economic growth are used as a proxy for monetary policy affecting bank credit in the VECM regression model. The study concludes that monetary policy variables have a significant influence on bank credit in Vietnam and this influence shows no sign of fading away. The pass-through of monetary policy factors affecting the credit supply expansion policy of banks to the economy is recognized in both the short and long term. Interest rates on bank loans have an impact of over 4% on bank credit. The expansion rate of money supply growth has a positive and significant impact on bank credit to the extent of more than 20%. Exchange rates have an impact of more than 9% on bank credit. Economic growth affects more than 8% of bank credit. Monetary policy of the Central Bank affects the supply of credit to the economy of banks. The Central Bank of Vietnam is recommended that the variables of monetary policy be managed properly and that the goals be set towards increasing bank credit for the economy.

Navigating plural legal constellations at the coal mining frontier in Mozambique

In this article, I will focus on the emergence and dynamics of different laws, standards, and norms in the context of an extractive frontier. The extractive frontier is presented as a place where multiple jurisdictions overlap and in which new governance constellations and practices emerge. This article focuses on the laws and standards related to resettlement processes and compensation for loss of residence, land, and livelihood in the surroundings of two coal mines in Tete province, Mozambique. Resettlement processes are one of the most direct ways in which populations are affected by extractive projects and often associated with human rights violations. The paper focuses on resettlement officers of the mining companies who are at the forefront of planning and implementing such processes. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, including interviews with resettlement officers and participation in their daily lives, the article details how these individuals position themselves in relation to multiple sets of laws and rules (e.g. Standards of the International Finance Corporation, state mining law and resettlement regulation, land law, human rights law) and a variety of actors (e.g. mining companies, international finance institutes, government agencies, local populations, NGOs). Resettlement officers often work with standards that surpass national law but are in their implementation of regulations also curtailed by a seemingly absent state, divergent company policies, critical civil society organisations, and global commodity markets. A focus on the everyday intricacies of the work of resettlement officers, shows their power and constraints, and the dynamics by which hierarchies of rules and laws become unsettled at the extractive frontier.

Iranski nuklearni sporazum kao odraz nesaglasnosti u transatlantskim odnosima tokom administracije Američkog predsednika Donalda Trampa

At the center of this work is the analysis of the consequences of implementing the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (also known as - the Iran nuclear deal) on divergent foreign policy approaches as the main indicators of the mismatch in relations between the United States and the European Union during the administration of the 45th US President Donald Trump. While the US unilaterally withdrew from this agreement, EU member states remained in it. The United States and the European Union, on the one hand, and Iran, on the other, had completely different definitions of their own national security, insisting on their unilateral security, while failing to redefine the problem in the direction of mutual security. However, in addition, the US and EU member states, although both concerned about their own security due to the possible emergence of a nuclear-armed Iran, instead of a complementary approach to the issue had a mutually competing one. Using the case study method, as well as the analytical-deductive method and the content analysis method, the author explains the difference in this approach through the concept of the strategic culture of the US and the EU and concludes that they are a consequence of the different understanding of international relations, but also due to the different identity characters of these two actors. The main thesis of the paper is that the US administration of Donald Trump, with its more realistic and Hobbesian view of international relations, and a different understanding of the US national interest in the Middle East, adopted a different approach to curbing Iran's nuclear armament ambitions compared to the approach of the European Union, which is conditioned by a more liberal and Kantian nature of its view on international relations. With unilateral foreign policy actions, Trump's administration risked causing damage and shaking its own credibility in relations with the European Union. On the other hand, the European Union remains committed to multilateralism and the preservation of the Iran nuclear deal. The subject of this research is the direction of the foreign policy actions of the United States and the European Union, in the period from the unilateral withdrawal of Trump's cabinet from the Iran nuclear agreement on May 8th, 2018, until the assassination of Qasem Soleimani, a general of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard on January 3rd, 2020 in the Republic of Iraq. The current state and perspective of contemporary transatlantic political relations in the context of unilateral withdrawal will be taken into consideration. In accordance with its new foreign policy agenda and strategy, and more inclined to a realistic view of international relations, the Trump administration risked deeper conflicts and divergence with the European Union over regional security issues. Thus, there was a threat to limit the further deepening and strengthening of the transatlantic partnership with the leading member states of the European Union, especially with the government of the Federal Republic of Germany and the government of the Republic of France. Additionally, the subject of research will be the patterns of behavior, embodied in speeches and foreign policy actions, which are consistent with the different approaches of the US and the EU to the problem of preventing the theocratic regime in Iran from developing its nuclear program. Accordingly, the focus will be on the period of the Trump administration, which, with its political will to break off with the legacy of the Obama administration, began to perceive Iran as a factor causing instability in the Middle East region. The Trump administration did not ratify the Iran nuclear agreement and continued to act under its obligations, solely because of the unfavorable benefits and a large number of shortcomings for the US. Thus, the paper will analyze whether the US administration of Donald Trump had a concrete foreign policy strategy in relations with the European Union and Iran. Also, the paper will try to answer the question of whether a unilateral or multilateral approach to regional security problems is more fruitful, taking into consideration the question of whether the unilateral approach of the only superpower in the world is more effective or, on the other hand, an international coalition of states is needed to suppress the Tehran's nuclear ambitions.

Work and Wellbeing among Arts Professionals in China during COVID-19 (August 2020 and October 2021)

This article explores the characteristics of arts professionals’ work and health during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and how these relate to measures of mental and social wellbeing. Findings from two separate samples of arts professionals (Phase 1: August 2020, N = 500; Phase 2: October 2021, N = 500) using the HEartS Professional: China survey suggest that approximately half of the respondents experienced financial hardship as a result of the pandemic (58%, phase 2), were more anxious (47%, phase 2), and lonelier (43%, phase 2) than before. In regression models, better self-rated health was associated with higher mental health and social connectedness scores and lower depression and loneliness scores in both phases. More physical activity during the last month was associated with higher mental health and social connectedness in at least one phase. While rates of anxiety and loneliness were lower than in an earlier HEartS Professional Survey in the United Kingdom, some associations in the regression models, such as for health and physical activity during the last month, were similar. Longitudinal and international research on work, wellbeing, and retention of arts professionals is important for public policy and understanding variability across social and cultural contexts and systems.