Police Tasks Research Articles

Distribution of police tasks between national provincial police and local police in the era of local self-government

Distribution of police tasks between national provincial police and local police in the era of local self-government

“POLICE LAW” OF THE FREE CITY OF CRACOW IN THE YEARS 1815-1846

The aim of the article is to describe, on the one hand, the police authorities and, on the other hand, to present the tasks and competences implemented by these authorities in the field of public order and security in the Free City of Cracow (1815-1846). The legal bases defining the broad spectrum of police tasks were mentioned. These included the fight against begging, vagrancy, passport policy, population registration, protection of consumer interests and rights, building, sanitary and fire safety, maintenance of peace, cleanliness and order in Cracow and the fight against crime. Attention was also drawn to the reasons for issuing such rules of legal relations. In conclusion, the common features of "police law" acts and the meaning of the word "police" used in the Free City of Cracow were pointed out. The article was written using a formal-dogmatic method and a chronological-subject structure. It is the first and so far, the only scientific study presenting legal regulations concerning the title subject.

Effectiveness Through Crime Investigation Complaint Case Holds In Central Java Police Jurisdiction

Problems of criminal law, especially the problem of crime, abuse and all kinds of acts that fall into the category of offense is now becoming one of the crucial problems and quite tricky to overcome. In line with the task of institution Indonesian National Police (INP) in an effort to maintain security and order and enforcement of justice citizens, then the effectiveness of the investigation and the disclosure of a criminal offense it is important to be maximized. The aim is to give meaning to the rule of law in Indonesia that provides fairness, expediency and legal certainty.Keywords: Criminal Law; Police; Effectiveness; Law Enforcement

Operational impact of canine teams in the fight against drug trafficking in Colombia: review of their contribution, strategies and recent trends.

As part of national and international cooperation to fight the drug-trafficking system, the Colombian National Police (PNC) has created institutional operational synergy to combat organised armed groups. To this end, it uses police service dog and handler teams which are distributed across Colombia in 75 canine units and which are specialised in different policing tasks. The focus of canine teams is to counter actions that undermine peaceful co-existence and citizen security by checking for explosive substances around coca, marijuana and poppy fields. In 2016, these teams discovered 16% of the 12,500 kg of improvised explosive devices, anti-personnel mines and unexploded ordnance (conventional guns and grenades) that were seized by the PNC. In addition, dogs have detected 19% of all controlled substances (cocaine, marijuana, heroin, coca paste and synthetic drugs) seized at ports, airports, land terminals and highways, striking a blow at drug-trafficking structures at all stages, from the illicit cultivation of drugs, through to their production, distribution, sale and use, countering small-scale dealing and the factors associated with drug-related social disorder. It is the responsibility of the PNC Police Service Dog and Handler Training School (ESGAC) to provide a framework for academic endeavour and technological advances aimed at achieving defined strategic roles for dog and handler teams. This involves the genetic selection and breeding of candidate detection dogs, assessment, training, operant conditioning, odour-discrimination during searches, certification, dog/ handler relationship, the dogs' living environment, and animal health, production and welfare management. All of the above is designed to achieve real, effective and successful outcomes when policing with dogs, enshrined within the national government's Vision 2030 project for safe and peaceful communities.

PENEGAKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA RINGAN OLEH POLRI MELALUI PENDEKATAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE (Studi di Wilayah Hukum Polres Cilacap)

ABSTRACT Â Big issues that are being faced by Police at this point in the criminal justice system is a great dilemma in law enforcement i.e. on one side of the quality and quantity of criminal cases that occur in the community over time tend to experience improvement and on the other hand, police have the authority in law enforcement by law has a relatively limited ability. Research methods with the Juridical Sociological approach, primary and secondary data sources. Type of this research is descriptive qualitative analysis. In the task of national police as a law enforcement officer who not only thinks the problems resolved in juridical normative alone, but should also be looked at from the perspective of sociological and legal anthropology. Criminal policy in operasional Police in the task can be done as an implementation of discretion. The underlying law enforcement on the authority and duties of the police's preventive and repressive in detail defined in Article 13, article 14 paragraph 1, article 18 of law RI No. 2 the year 2002 about the State police of the Republic of Indonesia. The application of the principles of Restorative Justice in law enforcement criminal acts of light by the national police is that prioritizes actions win-win solution both to the victims as well as perpetrators. Keywords: Police, limited liability, a law enforcement

Policing Intimate Partner Violence: The ‘Golden Thread’ of Discretion

AbstractThis paper offers a critical appreciation of pro-arrest-positive policing policies towards intimate partner violence (IPV). It examines the extent to which such policies, and the research associated with them, have operated within a partial understanding of discretion, which has paid detailed attention to the response of the front-line officer and how that response might be changed either by improved training and/or by rule tightening. Such approaches assume that policing IPV is separate and separable from policing other forms of violence(s) and fail to recognize the wider context of the policing task. This paper makes the case for a more holistic understanding of discretion (to include senior officers) as a way of promoting improved responses to IPV. This also means directing attention to policies and practices in relation to IPV to include police engagement with broader agency and societal responses to IPV. This is the point at which a holistic ‘golden thread’ of discretion can be found.

Intervening in domestic violence as a police task: legal reform and policing versus citizens’ perspective

ABSTRACTViolence in Western societies has received increased public and legal attention during the past few decades, while simultaneously, evidence of decreased violent behaviour has been identified. A specific type of violence that has undergone changes in visibility and increased legal intervention is domestic violence (DV). Have people become more sensitive to all kinds of violence? In this case, DV would not stand out as a crime demanding increasing police intervention. In this article, the public’s perceptions of the importance of intervening in DV as a police task are analysed. Comparisons with the assessed importance of other types of police tasks are made to evaluate the changes in a broader attitudinal context, and official police statistics are reflected against the trends identified from the survey data. In the results, DV stands out in the comparison of change in the importance of police tasks. The hypothesis of increased cultural sensitivity is not confirmed concerning all types of crimes – or even violent crimes. The results can be understood to support the theory about increased cultural sensitivity concerning an issue previously seen as a private matter rather than a criminal act and police matter – DV.

The Role and Tasks of Police for the Safety of the Elderly with Dementia

The Role and Tasks of Police for the Safety of the Elderly with Dementia

Potentials, Challenges and Opportunities for Tourism Development in the Eastern Province Sri Lanka

The eastern province consists of diverse resources that make it especially suited for developing tourism to take maximum advantage of it. Following 2009, tourism in the eastern province shows a promising growth and some star hotels have been constructed along the coastal area. Therefore, the main objectives of this research are to identify and examine the potentiality of tourism development and the challenges and opportunities of tourism development in the eastern province in Sri Lanka. The primary data collected form 100 local and foreign tourists in the study area. Random sampling was used to select respondent. The result of the study indicates that lack of infrastructure, health and safety of tourists, skilled and trained workforce, accommodation, internet and mobile network and the image of the area are challenges of Eastern province tourism industry. This can be overcome through forming tourist police task force, improving health facilities at tourist destination, improved infrastructure, developing tourist circuits and providing training. On the other hand, Eastern province has potential of promoting tourism both locally and internationally because of its geographical location, unique natural environment, rich biodiversity, cultural heritage, historical places, coastal areas and increased tourist flow for last few years. Tourism is a major contributor for economic development is also a potential for tourism development in the eastern province. Several plans have been introduced for tackling these issues by the government under “Tourism Development Strategy”. However, Government departments, private sector and community at large should take part in tourism for sustainable development and maintenance of the tourism sector in Eastern Province.

Police in the System of Public Safety — Polish Experience

As a uniformed and armed force, whose mission it is to serve and protect both people’s safety and public order, the police have been established on the basis of the 6 April 1990 Police Act. The basic police responsibilities cover protection of health, life and property against unlawful attacks, protection of public order and safety — including assurance of peace in public places and on public transport, investigation of crime, prosecution of offenders, and finally counter-terrorist activity. In addition, police are obliged to initiate and organize activities designed to prevent crime, minor offences and criminogenic phenomena. The list of police tasks is steadily getting longer and longer and it seems that this upward trend will continue in the years to come. This makes it necessary to implement legal and organizational solutions with a view to enhancing the effectiveness of policing — on the one hand measured by a systematic search for increasingly rational procedures, and on the other one by a decreasing number of illegal activities undertaken by the criminal underworld due to their awareness of the risk of being detected and the certainty of punishment. A good way of improving police performance is to precisely determine the tasks carried out as part of preventive action as well as decisive action aimed at elimination of identified threats or their consequences.

School Resource Officer Perceptions and Correlates of Work Roles

Abstract Officers assigned to schools are highly visible with many opportunities to communicate with citizens, though they are relatively isolated from other officers. School resource officers (SROs) are often expected to perform unconventional police roles, including counselling and teaching. Research is beginning to explore how SROs respond to different work settings and role expectations, which poses practical implications for how officers adapt and how they influence the lives of students, parents, and school staff. The present study first examined the work roles of SROs in a Midwestern region. Secondly, this study explored the relationships between SRO roles, individual characteristics, and school characteristics. SROs assigned to programmes in Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, and Missouri were surveyed and a subset of 20 officers were interviewed and observed during their shifts. Findings showed SROs performed both conventional and non-conventional roles. Multivariate analyses revealed SROs in urban schools and high schools performed more conventional police tasks involving law enforcement and order maintenance, while SROs who supported community policing engaged in more service, mentoring, and teaching tasks. The results highlight areas to enhance community policing in schools, particularly through selection and training of SROs.

The Effect of Paramilitary Protest Policing on Protestors' Trust in the Police: The Case of the “Occupy Israel” Movement

The use of paramilitary methods in civil policing tasks has become common in Western police agencies. Despite propositions that such methods should undermine the relationship between the police and the public, the effect of paramilitary policing on public trust in the police has not been empirically tested. In the present study, we examine this question in the context of protest policing, which has become a major concern for Western police agencies. Using a survey of 470 protesters who participated in “Occupy” protest events in Israel in 2012, we find that the perceived use of paramilitary methods has an independent and negative effect on trust, stronger than that of police effectiveness and the “neutrality” component of procedural justice. In-depth interviews suggest that the significance of paramilitarism may be the result of a sense of alienation and criminalization it elicits among protesters who generally perceive themselves as law-abiding citizens.

Grip Strength and Its Relationship to Police Recruit Task Performance and Injury Risk: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Suitable grip strength is a police occupational requirement. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between grip strength, task performance and injury risk in a police population. Retrospective data of police recruits (n = 169) who had undergone basic recruit training were provided, including handgrip strength results, occupational task performance measures (consisting of police task simulations [SIM], tactical options [TACOPS] and marksmanship assessments) and injury records. Left hand grip strength (41.91 ± 8.29 kg) measures showed a stronger correlation than right hand grip strength (42.15 ± 8.53 kg) with all outcome measures. Recruits whose grip strength scores were lower were significantly more susceptible to failing the TACOPS occupational task assessment than those with greater grip strength scores, with significant (p ≤ 0.003) weak to moderate, positive correlations found between grip strength and TACOPS performance. A significant (p < 0.0001) correlation was found between grip strength, most notably of the left hand, and marksmanship performance, with those performing better in marksmanship having higher grip strength. Left hand grip strength was significantly associated with injury risk (r = −0.181, p = 0.018) but right hand grip strength was not. A positive association exists between handgrip strength and police recruit task performance (notably TACOPS and marksmanship) with recruits who scored poorly on grip strength being at greatest risk of occupational assessment task failure.

Предмет тактико-спеціальної підготовки поліцейських, її зміст і завдання в сучасних умовах

Розглянуто проблеми та перспективи формування у сучасній правовій науці концепції предмету тактико-спеціальної підготовки поліцейських. Визначені особливості змісту і завдання тактико-спеціальної підготовки поліцейських в сучасних умовах. Теорія тактико-спеціальної підготовки визнана складовою частиною загальної теорії забезпечення внутрішньої безпеки держави службово-бойовими засобами.

The Use of Electroshock Weapons by the Finnish Police in 2016

When using force, police officers also exercise public power and thereby interfere in a significant way with people’s basic legal and human rights. This article examines situations in which Finnish police officers use electroshock weapons as ameans of force. The material for the study consists of all (N=357) reports on the use of force involving electroshock weapons for the year 2016. Over half of the police tasks where electroshock weapons were used were connected to the rotection of individual life and health. The majority of these situations occurred during the evening and at night. Every fourth application of an electroshock weapon took place in a private residence while every tenth occurred within police facilities. By threatening to use an electroshock weapon, the desired result was attained in one out of five situations. Of all situations where an electroshock weapon was used, 88% transpired without injuries to persons or property. The police officers using these electroshock weapons were experienced and had received regular training in their use. The discussion surrounding the use of electroshock weapons is divided between the negative stance taken by human rights organizations and the positivestance taken by authorities who strive to equip the police with as appropriate means of force as possible. The current article contributes to the Finnish, Nordic, and European discussions of, among other things, the proper hierarchical position of electroshock weapons as a means of force available to police. It also explores questions surrounding police competence to use these weapons and matters relating to their actual use.

Self-Motivation in Policing

Research shows that the work shift of a patrol officer includes a large amount of “down time.” Occupational scholarship has validated that workers can reduce boredom by engaging in activities that are ancillary to normal duties. The autonomous work environment of police officers provides them a unique opportunity to minimize boredom by working in a way that makes their expected behavior interesting. To date the police motivation scholarship tends to examine “job satisfaction,” but the notion of boredom is missing from the research. This study used an observational research design to provide a qualitative examination of the techniques used by police officers to “self-motivate” during their down time. It documents how police officers, guided by self-actualization, autonomy, and intrinsic motivation, find constructive policing tasks to fill their time when they are not engaged in official activity, such has handing a call or dealing with a specifically assigned task.

Physical Fitness, Body Composition And Quality Of Life Among Brazilian Police Recruits

Policing is a dangerous activity with intense physical and psychological demands that might impact police officers (PO) quality of life. PURPOSE: To evaluate physical fitness (PF), body composition (BC) and the quality of life (QL) among Brazilian male military police officer recruits. METHODS: Participants were 219 male PO recruits of a northern state of Brazil engaged on a mandatory 6-month training course before admission in the Police Department. The course is a 6-month full-time activity that includes 3 sessions of physical training/week and other police tasks. During the early part of the course, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle strength (MS) were evaluated by means of the Cooper running test (CRF), curl up, pull up and push up tests (MS). BC was evaluated by BMI, body fat percentage (BF% - Jackson & Pollock 3 skin fold) and waist circumference (WC). In the same evaluation, QL was assessed by the WHOQOL-Bref, that ascertains the QL in four domains: physical, psychological, social, and environmental. We compared the QL by BMI categories (normal vs overweight+obese) using Mann-Whitney test. We also evaluated the correlation between PF tests and QL (Spearman test), always applying 5% level of significance. RESULTS: Mean (±SD) PO age and BMI were 25.5±3.6 years and 24.4±2.5 kg/m2. PO showed high level of PF and reduced QL (Table 1). There was no association between all PF components and all QL domains (rs<0.1, p>0.12). Using BMI, 33% of PO would be classified as overweight and 2.7% as obese, but all participants were in the normal range for BF% and WC (<20% and <94cm, respectively) CONCLUSION: We observed high levels of PF and a relatively impaired QL among young PO recruits. Contrarily to previous findings, QL was not correlated to PF which may be related to high demands during the course.Therefore, considering BF% and WC values, the adequacy of using BMI for BC evaluation in this population (young well fit PO recruits) needs further.Table 1: Descriptive values of physical fitness, BC and QL among 219 Brazilian male PO recruits

Young people’s conceptions of trust and confidence in the crime control system: Differences between public and private policing

Private security increasingly participates in policing, thus changing the field of policing. However, there is a lack of research on how private security is perceived by citizens, and particularly by young people. This article reports on a novel approach to studying procedural justice and trust; it compares young people’s perceptions of public and private policing. Relying on focus group data from Finland, the findings indicated that young people have more trust and confidence in the police than in private security guards. Their perceptions were based on face-to-face encounters (to measure ‘trust’) and on general assumptions (to measure ‘confidence’). Young people perceived the police as more educated, professional, legitimate and respectful than security guards. They also felt that security guards sometimes exceed their legal rights and act unfairly. However, the findings also suggest that security guards have some legitimacy. The study suggests that issues around trust in policing are more complex than prior research indicates and that private security cannot replace police tasks without it affecting perceptions of trust in policing.

Zakres i znaczenie terminu „policja” w literaturze politycznej schyłku Rzeczypospolitej szlacheckiej

The term “police” is derived from the Greek term “politei” which denotes an initial system of state. Since the 16 th century, particularly in the 17 th and 18 th centuries, it has functioned as the synonym of the term “administration”. In Poland, since the 18 th century, despite the lack of the reception of the assumptions of the West-European police studies, the term started to be used in that sense. Polish political writers, starting with Stanislaw Leszczynski and ending with the authors of the reform of the state’s political system presented at the Four-Year Sejm, made an attempt at defining the term “police”. The term was understood in a variety of ways, for most writers it meant state’s internal order but it also denoted service administration such as fire, construction, medical or traffic police, that is all services whose aim was to secure social prosperity and well-being. The scope of police tasks often included the judiciary system. The police issue was in the scope of interest of the writers supporting the reforms as well as of their opponents, of those who admired the republican system as well as of the advocates of the concept of a strong state following the example of absolute monarchies. However, a vast majority of Polish authors did not understand the term “police” as a means of strengthening the power of the state but as a means of reassuring good order, that is social security, peace and quiet.

Getting in People’s Faces: On the Symbiotic Relationship between the Media and Police Gang Units

ABSTRACTThe current study explores the relationships among high-profile homicide incidents, media representations of gang homicides, and the establishment of specialized police task forces in British Columbia, Canada. The sample includes all articles on homicide published between 2004 and 2010 in a major daily newspaper (N = 2,873). We examine the attention given to gang-related homicides compared to other homicides, explore the impact of high-profile shootings on trends in reporting, and discuss the timing of media reports in relation to the creation of specialized police forces. Results are discussed with respect to the symbiotic relationship between police organizations and the media.