Police Bodies Research Articles

Features of the district bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Siberia in the 19th century

The subject. The reorganization of the district police in Siberia in the second half of the XIX century is comprehensively examined in the article on the basis of pre-revolutionary legislation. Special attention is paid to the organizational and legal issues of the activities and structure of the district police.The purpose of the paper is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that the practice of implementing legislative innovations on the status of internal affairs bodies in Siberia in the 19th century was characterized by systematic seizures and violations.The theoretical and methodological basis of the study includes the principles of historical knowledge – objectivity, historicism, alternative and social approach. These principles let use an unbiased approach to the analysis of the studied problems, as well as a critical attitude to the sources.The main results and scope of their application. The author concludes that the powers of the police bodies in the region had their own specifics and were much broader than in the central provinces of the Russian Empire. Reorganization of the general police in Siberia in the second half of the XIX century changed the structure and method of staffing the Ministry of Internal Affairs. It was not principled, but rather external. Returning to the forgotten traditions of the organization and activities of the police, it is important to take full account of the historical experience that has been accumulated over the centuries. It is also necessary, taking into account modern realities, to take a fresh look at the already known facts and events in order to overcome old myths and misconceptions and prevent the birth of new ones.Conclusions. The police reform of 1867 in Siberia left almost unchanged the limits of power, the distribution of duties, procedures, responsibility and accountability of the general police. A large range of prerogatives remained for the police. In addition, many police officers continued to work the old-fashioned way, trying to ignore changes in the current legislation. The legislator failed to put the Siberian internal Affairs bodies in the strict framework of the law, it was recognized by local leaders and visiting auditors.

Особливості реформовуння підрозділів в органах Національної поліції за проектом «Поліцейський офіцер громади»

Особливості реформовуння підрозділів в органах Національної поліції за проектом «Поліцейський офіцер громади»

Протидія злочинності в Польській Республіці: роль поліцейських органів

Протидія злочинності в Польській Республіці: роль поліцейських органів

Особливості заохочувального провадження в Національній поліції

The purpose of the article is a thorough study of the legislative framework on the main features of the assignment and deprivation of state awards to National Police officers. The peculiarities of the procedure of presenting a police officer to state awards are described. Today, this topic is relevant because of its profound nature, as state awards are widely used in virtually every country in the world to commemorate their citizens for gains at both the state and government levels. This is especially true of National Police officers and police officers, as they are the ones taking the oath of allegiance to the state and the Ukrainian people, and we believe that they are most deserving of receiving state honors and awards and their conscientious service. These distinctions are established on behalf of the state (state bodies), are made at the expense of the state budget, are regulated by certain normative legal acts, clearly define the subjects of establishment of such awards, etc. Methodology. The methodological toolkit is selected according to the set goal, the specificity of the object and the subject of research. Scientific methods of systematic analysis and generalization are decisive. The scientific novelty of the publication lies in the systematic analysis of the implementation of incentive proceedings through the recognition of the merits of employees of the National Police bodies by the legislation envisaged by various state awards, legal incentives and incentives, motivating their socially useful behavior. According to the results of the study, the following conclusions were formulated: employees of the National Police are rewarded with the «Nominal Firearms» honors; medals: «For a saved life», «Defender of the Fatherland», «For impeccable service», «For military service to Ukraine»; honors of the President of Ukraine: Order «For Courage», Order of Princess Olga, «Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise»; the title of Hero of Ukraine; honors of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, namely the Certificate of Honor and the Certificate of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine; Diploma of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. Keywords: state awards; legal regulation; application; state symbols; incentive proceedings.

Media Review: 'My Grandmother's Hands: Racialized Trauma and Mending Our Hearts and Bodies,' by Resmaa Menakem

My Grandmother’s Hands addresses racialized trauma in contemporary American life, positing that our innate capacity for healing trauma lives in the bodies of individuals, and can be spread within families and through communities. Author Resmaa Menakem guides readers through a brief history of the progression and transmission of trauma from medieval Europe to America, then distills 25 years of trauma theory and research, and applies it to a thoughtful analysis of present-day racism in America. Finally, Menakem offers concrete exercises and practices designed to metabolize trauma in the bodies of three groups of Americans: Black bodies, white bodies, and police bodies.

NON-STATE SUBJECTS IN POLICE ACTIVITIES

In this article, the author considers the non-state subjects of the police activity. In the article sums the position theoretical inclusion of civil structures in the law-enforcement system taking into account modern tendencies of development of relations in the Republic of Latvia, namely: the state policy of development and support of the institutions of civil society. Police activities are carried out by various actors: the police, public organizations, private enterprises, individual citizens. Together, they form a system of subjects of police activity, defining the place in which the police bodies occupy themselves as special executive bodies.

Voluntary policing in Sweden: media reports of contemporary forms of police–citizen partnerships

ABSTRACTMany Western-style democracies have witnessed a general shift in the distribution of crime prevention responsibility, away from the state and increasingly to citizens themselves. Civil society is today more and more often called upon as an additional policing resource. This article explores the phenomenon of voluntary citizen participation in policing in Sweden, based on an analysis of 9280 news-media articles. One state-sanctioned (the Volunteers of the Police) and one autonomous civic (Missing People Sweden) initiative were examined, from their respective start until 2017, to understand the role played by police–citizen partnerships in the establishment and legitimation of voluntary policing forms in Sweden. A high degree of integration between police and volunteer work was found, enabling not only effective citizen participation, but also having an influence on police operations. The more effective and publicly visible the voluntary policing bodies were, the more pressure there was on the police to defend its legitimacy, ally itself with the volunteers and regulate the latter’s activities while holding them responsible for their actions. Arguably, however, with the police–citizen relationship being one of integration and mutual dependence, the division of labour and the accountability of both parties risk becoming blurred or even confused.

Проект уфимского губернатора П. А. Полторацкого (1883—1889) по совершенствованию работы органов местного управления

The project by the Ufa governor P. A. Poltoratsky (1883 - 1889) aimed at solving the problems of local government is considered. The scientific novelty of the research is that the activities of the governor to improve the activities of local authorities are considered on the basis of analysis of unpublished archival sources. The author shows that the local authorities were not able to carry out such measures as supervision of the actions of the peasant administration officials, checking the sentences of rural societies, consideration of complaints by the decision of the volost courts. It is emphasized that the record-keeping of county boards and police bodies was in disorder. It is concluded that the reason for this state of affairs in the police of that time was the discrepancy between the number of executive police officers and large distances between the counties of the Ufa governorate and the dispersion of settlements. It is proved that the police were not able to cope with the many responsibilities assigned to them, such as collecting fees and arrears, sending and issuing subpoenas, monitoring the correct conduction of trade and crafts, supervision of compliance with the statutes of state offices. It is reported that under the leadership of the official, a project was developed to improve the activities of the peasant government, police bodies of the Ufa governorate by combining all county presences, committees, councils into one common county presence with the abolition of existing individual county boards.

Противодействие коррупции в органах полиции Российской Федерации и Федеративной Республики Германия

The police as a law enforcement body of a specific state was created to perform a variety of tasks in order to maintain the law and order in society, to ensure the security of the state, its citizens. In accordance with the role of the police in the legal doctrine of different countries (Germany, France, England, etc.), in due time, there were even separate schools to study this institution.
 The police are also one of the subjects of anti-corruption. Nevertheless, this does not mean that corruption cannot exist in the ranks of the police. Despite the general increase in confidence in the police and their employees, noted by the All-Russia centre of studying of public opinion over the last few years in the Russian Federation, today the efforts to combat corruption need to be undertaken not only outside, but also within the police departments themselves. It is obvious that corrupt law enforcement bodies are not able to perform effectively and qualitatively their tasks, and this fast poses a real threat to the state, society and the individual. Thus, the task of improving the complex of anti-corruption measures in the police bodies is becoming more urgent.
 The article presents a comparative legal analysis of anti-corruption in the police bodies of Russia and Germany in modern conditions. The measures of influence are defined, as well as the forms of interaction of law enforcement agencies in the fight against this negative social phenomenon. The authors come to conclusion that the effective system of anti-corruption in police facilitates not only by the system of legislative sanctions adopted in the state, but also by the qualitative implementation of the state’s social policy with regard to civil servants.

Is it all about race? Intergroup threat and perceptions of racial profiling

Relatively few studies have assessed theoretically relevant predictors of individual’s perceptions of racial profiling by law enforcement officers. The current study addresses this limitation by drawing on theoretical frameworks highlighted in the growing body of literature examining disproportionate minority contact (DMC) with the criminal justice system. Specifically, we draw on the racial and symbolic threat perspectives with the objective of identifying theoretically relevant individual and community level predictors of perceptions of racial profiling by public and private police bodies in airports, malls, and on the roads. Results of our analysis of data on White and Black individuals nested within communities support the racial threat perspective in documenting the influence of racial heterogeneity and interracial labor market competition on perceptions of racial profiling. However, in contention to predictions derived from the symbolic threat perspective, the results fail to uncover a link between interracial socioeconomic inequality and perceptions of racial profiling by law enforcement officers. These results highlight the importance of moving beyond individual explanations of profiling and other forms of DMC and suggest community characteristics and perceptions of intergroup threat are particularly salient to understanding perceptions of race-based distinctions in formal social control.

Police bodies and police minds: professional learning through bodily practices of sport participation

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature concerned with bodily perspectives on professional learning by reporting on a study of Swedish police officers’ sport participation as a form of occupational learning. The study seeks to answer how ideals of work practice and sport participation intersect, how professional learning is channelled through sport participation, and how such bodily practices might have excluding effects on professional participation. Using a practice theory framework, the Schatzkian concept of teleoaffective structure guides the analysis. Sixteen interviews were conducted with police officers who practice police sports. The analysis targeted symbolic manifestations of teleoaffectivity, and the findings indicate five overlapping ideals between sport and police practice. In addition, one police specific ideal was constructed. Based on these findings, we discuss how professionals learn by participation in practices not directly related to the work in question, and how such learning includes and excludes from participation.

Subtle and Severe: Microaggressions Among Racially Diverse Sexual Minorities

ABSTRACTIn recent years, understanding prejudice and discrimination toward minorities has developed to include the investigation of microaggressions. Microaggressions are brief and commonplace verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities. They are intentional or unintentional and communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative slights toward racial and sexual minorities. The purpose of this phenomenological study is to chronicle the prevalence and type of microaggressions experienced among a sample of 18 highly educated and racially diverse sexual minorities, 24–65 years of age. The impact of microaggressions on physical and psychological health is central to our investigation. Thematic data analysis was used to analyze 14 interviews and one focus group, which resulted in the following themes of microaggressions: (a) discomfort/disapproval with LGBT experience, (b) assumption of universal experience, (c) traditional gender role stereotyping, (d) denial of personal privacy, (e) exoticization, (f) ascription of intelligence, (g) policing bodies, and (h) assumption of criminality. Research findings may have implications for the development of interventions that can serve clinicians in their therapeutic work with microaggressed sexual minorities across racial diversity.

МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ КОНЦЕПТИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ТА ПОРЯДКУ ПІД ЧАС МАСОВИХ ЗАХОДІВ

The conceptual aspects of ensuring the public safety and order during mass events in accordance with the implemented methodology of the National Police of Ukraine in the field of the realization of citizens’ rights to peaceful assembly have been analyzed in this article. The peculiarities of the organization of the activity of the police bodies and subunits within the limits of the joint performance of tasks concerning the maintenance of law and order have been defined. The main ways and methods of using police forces and means while preventing and stopping the offenses during peaceful assemblies have been analyzed for compliance with the national legislation. The authors have also compared some tactical methods used by the law enforcement agencies of Ukraine and those that are adopted from the European practice of policing and, accordingly, specified in the departmental regulations governing the relevant field of the professional duties. The statements, suggested in this scientific article, are based on the results of the interviews with the leadership of the National Police bodies and subunits that directly implement the tasks of the ensuring public safety and order during mass events and have been trained by the European Union Advisory Mission in Ukraine aiming to form a new model of securing the public order [1].

ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ВИСОКОМОРАЛЬНИХ АСПЕКТІВ ПОЛІТИКО-СОЦІАЛЬНОГО УСТРОЮ КРАЇН ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ У НАЦІОНАЛЬНУ СИСТЕМУ ВПЛИВУ ГРОМАДСЬКОСТІ

The article considers the peculiarities of the introduction of high moral aspects of the political and social system of the European Union in the national system of public influence on the activities of law enforcement agencies. It is established that the implementation of legislative norms and provisions of the European Union in the legal system of Ukraine is the basis of the European course and further effective application of the principles of state regulation of law enforcement. It is substantiated that the activity of the police is subject to clear regulation both in the member states of the European Union and in Ukraine. Therefore, the organizational and legal support of public authorities in determining the procedure for recruitment, dismissal, receiving incentives for professional tasks corresponds to the principles of civil society. The public and its influence on law enforcement are correlated with law-centrism. It is noted that the influence of the community on the activities of law enforcement agencies is identified with respect for legal norms and regulatory framework. It is emphasized that decentralization, which is being introduced in the member states of the European Union, aims at equal distribution of powers between police bodies and, as a consequence, improvement of public law enforcement communication. In Ukraine, on the other hand, there are similar transformations in the legal framework of civil society cooperation with the police: the idea of decentralization corresponds to the Euro-Atlantic course, which is the guiding one, in the context of shaping state policy for Ukraine. It is pointed out that the process of perception by the police and structural units of law enforcement agencies of the European Union member states of the influence of civil society on the style of their functioning is a process of democratization of the socio-political system.

Organization of city police on the Charter of the Deanery (1782).

УДК 340 The subject. The subject of analysis in the article is the organization of the city police of the Russian Empire under the Charter of the Deanery 1782. Special attention is given to the structure and legal issues of the activities of local government and its interaction with the local administrative authorities. The purpose. The growing interest in the history of local government connects not only with the aspiration of historians to look more deeply into the past but also with practical needs. Researching of the forgotten traditions of public administration allows to take greater account of historical experience that has been accumulated over the centuries as well as use it in legislation and law enforcement. We also need to take a look at already known facts and events in the light of today's realities. Methodology. Theoretical and methodological basis of the research are such principles of historical knowledge as objectivity, historicism, determinism, alternativeness and social ap-proach which are assuming an unbiased approach to the analysis of the researched problems, as well as a critical attitude to sources. Results, scope of application. The article describes the process of codification in the administrative legislation of the Russian Empire and also organization of local governance in the Russian Empire according with Charter of the Deanery. The basic aspects police activities are also characterized. This approach may overcome the old myths and misconceptions in the sphere of police organization and also prevent the birth of new ones. Conclusions. This act created the system of local police management which was centralized by establishing of the police bodies with number of state employees, specified in the law. Such institutes became both representatives of the sovereign power in the provinces and guides of its policies until reforms of the 60s and 70s of the 19 century.

Policing paedophilia: Assembling bodies, spaces and things

In recent years, digital vigilantism, often dubbed ‘paedophile hunting’, has grabbed media headlines in the US, UK and Europe. Though this novel style of policing carries no legal or moral authority, it is nonetheless ‘taking hold’ within a pluralised policing landscape where its effectiveness at apprehending child sex offenders is capturing public attention. While the emergence of digital vigilantism raises normative questions of where the boundaries of citizen involvement in policing affairs might be drawn, this paper is concerned with firstly, how this kind of citizen-led policing initiative comes into being; secondly, how it emerges as an identifiable policing form; and thirdly, how it acquires leverage and makes its presence felt within a mixed economy of (authorised) policing actors, sites and technologies. The paper sets out a detailed case study of a ‘paedophile hunter’ in action, read through a provocative documentary film, first broadcast on mainstream UK television in October 2014. This lays the groundwork for thinking through the cultural relations of digital vigilantism, and how this proliferating mode of policing practice is engendered and mobilised through affective connectivities, performative political imaginaries and culturally-mediated dialogical praxis. In seeking an entry point for theorising emergent policing forms and their connectedness to other policing bodies, spaces and things, the paper concludes with a thumbnail sketch of assemblage thinking.

Last Drinks Laws: A Health Perspective

The tragic deaths of two young men after unprovoked violent assaults in Kings Cross, Sydney between 2012 and 2014 prompted a public outcry. This added to existing voices of health, police and resident bodies who were calling for measures to reduce alcohol-fuelled violence. As a result, the New South Wales Government amended the Liquor Act 2007 (NSW) in January 2014 to limit last drinks to 3 am in Kings Cross and the Sydney central business district, and to prohibit entry to bars after 1.30 am and serving of shots after midnight. These legal changes were associated with a marked reduction in violent assaults in the target areas, without significant displacement of harms to neighbouring suburbs. Opponents of the laws have raised concerns about the impact of the restrictions on enjoyment of individuals or profits of local businesses. However, evidence suggests that alternative interventions, such as community education, would have been unlikely to produce benefits of this magnitude.

GENERAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SECURITY SYSTEMS FOR OBJECTIVES, GOODS, VALUABLES AND PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUALS

The local police operate as a public institution with legal personality for the interest of citizens, which provides services for the security of goods, participates in the defence of public order and peace, of the life and integrity of individuals, and other rights and legitimate interests of the community.The organization and carrying out of the guarding of the goods and valuables of any kind owned, their transportation and other security services, and participation in the defence of public order and peace are done on the basis of contracts concluded between the local Police and mayors, public or private economic operators, institutions, associations of any kind, natural or legal persons as appropriate.The security provided by local police officers is carried out according to the security plan drawn up by local police commanders and beneficiaries, approved by the local committee and with the expert’s approval from the local police. In their work for performing the service at the objectives entrusted to them, the local police officers have a number of obligations including cooperation with the police bodies and the notification thereof when finding crimes committed which might damage public and private property, acts directed against individuals, fire occurrence, calamities.

The Gender Agenda in an Age of Austerity

This article reports on a research project undertaken to assess the implications and consequences of the Comprehensive Spending Review and associated Force Change Programmes upon the female police workforce in England and Wales, alongside wider policing reforms across the UK. The research examines the views of female and male police officers and staff with a view to updating and reviewing evidence of progress in relation to the continued development and achievement of the gender agenda aims (BAWP, 2006, The Gender Agenda 2. London) and the Home Office 2010 report ‘Assessment of Women in the Police Service’. Focus groups, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were undertaken between November 2012 and June 2013, across 14 force areas, in addition to national policing bodies, local and national representative staff support associations, and diversity and equality practitioners. The findings underpin the recommendations Gender Agenda 3 launched in October 2014 by the British Association for Women in Policing.

Twilight Policing: Private Security Practices in South Africa

Many studies have emphasized the pluralization of policing and the interactions between security providers. However, such studies generally employ a top–down and structural approach, emphasizing the organizational ties between policing bodies. This article employs an ethnographic approach to security and focuses on localized policing performances that materialize from the interactions between security providers. Based on 20 months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Durban, South Africa, this article introduces the concept of twilight policing , which refers to punitive, disciplinary and exclusionary policing practices that simultaneously undermine and support the state, resulting in actions that are neither public nor private, but ‘twilight’. This article calls for a shift from a plural and organizational approach to policing towards a ‘twilight’ and performative one.