Regulatory Policy Research Articles

The Development Path of Livestreaming Influencers in the Context of New Trends

In the context of rapid economic development, live banding is rapidly emerging as an emerging e-commerce model, but intensified competition in the industry, upgraded consumer demand and tightened regulatory policies have caused influencers to face many challenges. This paper analyses the current situation and problems of influencer live banding, pointing out the phenomena of false propaganda and uneven service quality. To cope with these problems, it is suggested to strengthen the education of regulations and improve the quality of influencers. Looking ahead, influencers should continue to learn, focus on personal branding, and innovate live content to achieve sustainable development. Promoting the standardization and professionalization of the industry will help meet the growing demand of consumers and create new development opportunities for the live streaming bandwagon industry. This article aims to provide reference and guidance for practitioners and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the industry.

Chinas 5G Communication Technology Development Status and Countermeasures

With the acceleration of the global informatization process, 5G communication technology, as a new generation of mobile communication technology, with its advantages of high speed, low delay and large connection, has brought great development opportunities for all walks of life. This paper mainly analyzes the development status, challenges and countermeasures of Chinas 5G communication technology, and looks forward to the future development trend. In general, Chinas 5G communication technology has made remarkable achievements in policy support, infrastructure construction and technological innovation, but it still faces some challenges. In order to better promote the development of Chinas 5G communication technology, we need to increase policy support, strengthen industrial chain coordination, improve innovation capacity, improve regulatory policies and regulations, promote the integration of 5G technology and vertical industries, and pay attention to 5G security and privacy protection and other issues.

The utilization of Industry 4.0 technologies to enhance the circular economy through the engagement of stakeholders in Brazilian food technology companies

AbstractSustainable business models tend to have greater potential for the transition to the circular economy. The present study aims to investigate how Brazilian startups in the food segment foodtech are integrating Industry 4.0 technologies to boost the circular economy, emphasizing the importance of stakeholder engagement in the process. The choice of this unit of analysis is associated with companies that were born recently, with a high chance of having sustainable and circular business models. The research involved eight food technology startups, using questionnaires, interviews, and content analysis to collect data on circular supply chain practices, Industry 4.0 technologies adopted, and the level of stakeholder engagement. The results indicate that foodtech startups are progressively incorporating technologies such as automation, big data, biotechnology, and the Internet of Things, to promote circular economy initiatives. The active participation of stakeholders has been fundamental, contributing to innovation and efficiency in processes. However, the complete transition to the circular economy and the full adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies are challenged by obstacles, including high costs and regulatory barriers. The study found that startups play a crucial role in this transition, due to their agility and capacity for innovation, which can serve as an example for larger companies. Collaboration between businesses, regulators, academic institutions, and society is essential to overcome these challenges and facilitate effective transformation. This work offers valuable practical insights for foodtech startups looking to adopt circular practices, highlighting technologies, and practices that can result in economic and environmental benefits. Startups emerge not only as adopters of new technologies but also as agents of change in industrial practices, shaping a more sustainable future for the food sector. It is recommended that future research explore the impact of regulatory policies and incentives on accelerating the adoption of these technologies by startups, in addition to evaluating the long‐term economic viability of these technological innovations in promoting a more circular economy.

The Impact of Housing Market Regulation Policies on the Housing Choice Behavior of Urban Residents

Abstract Housing is a social and developmental issue of public concern, which is related to the personal interests of every household and the people’s “living in a home”. The article quantifies the housing choice behavior of urban residents by the ring index of residential housing purchase price, and solves the problem of sample selection error by using the propensity to match score to match the experimental group and the control group. A double difference model is used to analyze the net effect of the implementation of housing market regulation policies on urban residents’ housing choice behavior. Parallel trend test in the experimental and control groups before and after the implementation of housing market regulation policies in 2018 shows significant differences, the ATT value of HSB after propensity score matching is positive, and the sample mean of the control group is 0.452 lower than that of the experimental group. The coefficient of the effect of housing market regulation policies on the behavior of urban residents’ housing choices is 0.351 and shows significance at the 1% level. The active implementation of housing market regulation policy can help optimize the housing purchase price index, which in turn stimulates the housing choice behavior of urban residents and promotes the stable and healthy development of the housing market.

The Impact of Environmental Regulations on the Export of Hangzhou Enterprises

This paper studies the impact of Hangzhou environmental regulation on the export of enterprises, and takes Hikvision as a case to analyze the input of the enterprise in green transformation and its impact on the export of overseas markets. Through the analysis of Hikvision's financial and ESG reports from 2019 to 2023, the following conclusions were drawn: Hikvision gained a competitive edge in the international market through green transformation measures; By promoting green production and product certification, Hikvision has enhanced its international reputation, and this responsible corporate image has contributed to the growth of its exports; Energy conservation and resource management measures have significantly reduced resource waste and energy consumption, thereby improving the company's profitability and competitiveness in the international market; Hangzhou's environmental regulations significantly promoted Hikvision's green innovation and had a positive impact on the company's export. The research shows that Hangzhou's environmental regulation policy has a positive impact on Hikvision's export.

Research Factors Affecting Green Economic Development and Some Policy Implications

Vietnam is one of the countries heavily affected by climate change and rising sea levels. According to the World Bank, it is estimated that climate change will reduce Vietnam's GDP by 3.5% by 2050. Therefore, developing a green economy is the most effective and fastest way to adapt. and minimize the impact of climate change. The goal of the research is to evaluate the impact of environmental factors on Vietnam's green economic development. Through a survey of 215 samples from different subjects such as managers, businesses, residential communities, etc., the study pointed out 5 main influencing factors, including: government’s regulatory policies, engineering technology, environmental resources, human resources, and residential community. The research results provide a premise for suggesting a number of policy implications for the goverment as well as relevant ministries and branches in the process of completing the policy framework to develop a green economy for Vietnam in the coming time.

Post-marketing surveillance framework of cell and gene therapy products in the European Union, the United States, Japan, South Korea and China: a comparative study

BackgroundCell and gene therapy products (CGTPs) often receive accelerated approvals, lacking comprehensive long-term safety and efficacy data, which can raise significant safety concerns. This research aims to study the post-marketing surveillance (PMS) of CGTPs in the European Union (EU), the United States (US), Japan, South Korea, and China, to offer insights for the development of a secure and standardized post-marketing regulatory framework for CGTPs.MethodsRelated regulations and the implementation effect of PMS for approved CGTPs were studied searching PubMed, CNKI, and the official websites of the European Medicines Agency, the US Food and Drug Administration, Japan’s Pharmaceuticals and Medical Device Agency, South Korea’s Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, and the National Medical Products Administration of China.ResultsCompared to those in China, the guidelines of PMS for CGTPs in the EU, the US, Japan, and South Korea was more comprehensive. Notably, the EU had dedicated regulations and supporting guidelines of PMS. Of the 26 CGTPs approved in the EU, 88% were under additional monitoring, 38% received conditional marketing authorization, and 12% were authorized under exceptional circumstances, with 77% designated as orphan drugs. The US had released 34 guidelines specifically for CGTPs which, forming the foundation of post-marketing risk management. Among the 27 CGTPs approved in the US, 22% were required to perform risk evaluation and mitigation strategies, 37% added black box warnings in the package inserts, 63% mandated to post-marketing requirements, and 15% subject to post-marketing commitments. In Japan, stringent supervision measures encompassing all-case surveillance (79%) and re-examination (53%) were applied to the 19 approved CGTPs, with 21% approved through conditional and time-limited approval. The PMS for CGTPs in South Korea, mainly included PSUR, re-examination, and re-evaluation. China had introduced several relevant regulations, which consisted of general statements and lacked detailed guidance.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the regulatory policies of PMS for CGTPs in the EU, the US, Japan, and South Korea were comprehensive. The implementation of PMS for CGTPs in the EU, the US, and Japan was well developed. This knowledge holds valuable insights for China’s future learning and development in this field.

SUPPLY CHAIN DISRUPTION AND SUSTAINABILITY OF PHARMACEUTICAL FIRMS IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA

<p>The pharmaceutical sector, in Nigeria plays a role in the nations’ healthcare system by supplying medications to the people. However pharmaceutical companies in the Anambra State have been facing obstacles recently due to disruptions in their supply chains. This research investigates how supply chain disruptions impact the sustainability of firms in Anambra State. A mixed-methods approach, involving qualitative interviews with industry experts and quantitative analysis of operational data, identifies the main causes of supply chain disruptions and their effects on this firm’s long-term success. The research reveals that supply chain disruptions result from factors such as delays in customs clearance, inconsistent regulatory policies, currency fluctuations, inadequate transportation infrastructure and issues with supplier reliability. Interviews with industry experts highlighted customs delays as a disruption while quantitative analysis showed a 20% increase in times for imported pharmaceuticals along with a 15% rise in delivery delays and a 10% increase in product returns due to transportation challenges. Moreover, inefficiencies in inventory management were observed, leading to a 5% rise in holding costs and a 3% decrease in turnover rates due to supply chains. Challenges related to suppliers involved issues, with delivery reliability and product quality leading to a 10% extension in supplier lead times and a 5% uptick, in returns. The findings highlighted a direct correlation between these supply chain issues and decreased profitability, operational efficiency, and the ability to meet patient needs, emphasizing the urgent need for improvements to enhance the resilience of the pharmaceutical supply chain in Anambra State.</p>

Сучасні глобальні проблеми етнонаціональної політики України: на прикладі правового регулювання статусу національних меншин

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of ethno-national policy in modern conditions of the development of statehood and points to the prospects of improving the legislation in the context of ensuring the proper legal status of national minorities. The article examines the main problems in the field of ethno-national policy of Ukraine and legal regulation of the status of national minorities. The author emphasizes the absence of a single strategy for the development of ethno-national relations, which leads to fragmented legislation. The implementation of a comprehensive normative act could determine the direction of the development of statehood and form the ideological basis for future normative acts regarding the status of national minorities, indigenous peoples, and other ethnic groups. It is also emphasized that the issues of national minorities were often ignored in national law, and the legislative framework regarding indigenous peoples and the protection of the status of national minorities was formed mainly as a reaction to external circumstances, such as the occupation of the Crimean peninsula. Gaps in legislation make it difficult to ensure the rights of national minorities, in particular, due to the lack of up-to-date statistical data, since the all-Ukrainian population census was conducted only once in 2001. The author draws attention to the low level of tolerance in Ukrainian society, which is demonstrated by a survey conducted in 2022–2024. Respondents often do not consider their actions illegal or discriminatory towards Roma, but do not wish to have themin their environment. This indicates a lack of education regarding national characteristics as a factor of discrimination and a lack of attention on the part of the state to issues of language moderation and protection of the rights of national minorities. The lack of an effective policy of integration of national minorities is another significant problem. The legislator often considers national minorities as a group of citizens of a different ethnic origin living in Ukraine traditionally, which is a wrong approach. In order to improve ethno-national politics, it is necessary to solve problems in related areas, such as education, political rights, participation in local selfgovernment and the fight against hate speech.

Global regulatory policies for animal biotechnology: overview, opportunities and challenges.

Genome editing (GnEd) has the potential to provide many benefits to animal agriculture, offering a means for achieving rapid growth, disease resistance, and novel phenotypes. The technology has the potential to be useful for rapidly incorporating traits into existing selectively bred animals without the need for crossbreeding and backcrossing. Yet only four products from animals created via biotechnology, all growth-enhanced fishes, have reached commercialization and only on a limited scale. The past failure of genetically engineered (or GM) products to reach conventional producers can largely be attributed to the high cost of meeting GMO regulatory requirements. We review the history of GMO regulations internationally, noting the influence of Codex Alimentarius on the development of many existing regulatory frameworks. We highlight new regulatory approaches for GnEd organisms, first developed by Argentina, and the adoption of similar approaches by other countries. Such new regulatory approaches allow GnEd organisms that could have been developed by conventional means to be regulated under the same rules as conventional organisms and in the future is likely to enhance the opportunity for biotech animals to enter production. Treating certain GnEd products as conventional has had a large impact on the variety of biotechnological innovations successfully navigating regulatory processes. We suggest that for the full potential of GnEd technologies to be realized, enabling public policies are needed to facilitate use of GnEd as a breeding tool to incorporate new traits within existing animal breeding programs, rather than only a tool to create distinct new products.

Dataset on Electric Road Mobility: Historical and Evolution Scenarios until 2050

An increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is expected in the coming decades mainly due to the need to achieve carbon neutrality until 2050. However, predicting electric mobility’s future is challenging due to three main factors: technological advancements, regulatory policies, and consumer behaviour. The projections presented in this study are based on several scenarios driven mainly from reports published by public entities and consultants. It considers the evolution of electric road mobility by defined targets in the electrification of the transport sector. Therefore, the gathered data addresses different horizon times regarding EV penetration in the World, Europe, Portugal, Denmark, Greece, and Slovenia. Thus, an extensive literature review and estimating approach for EV forecast was conducted concerning EV markets, charging infrastructure, and electricity demand. Also, the dataset aims to provide a demand projection by 2050 and serving as a critical input to further work on EV mass deployment in the context of the project Electric Vehicles Management for carbon neutrality in Europe (EV4EU) and other works related to this field.

Trust, regulation, and stewardship of the medical profession in India

In this paper we discuss the consequences of commercialisation of medicine and the associated shift in professional values, identity, and practices for patients, doctors, and health care organisations in India. We do so within the broader frame of the widely reported fall in trust in the health system in India, and with a view to reflect on how trust may be restored to a level which sustains a different but effective type of relationship between the medical profession and society. We draw on interviews with high-level health system and social actors in India to shed light on the key influences which shape the stewardship and governance of the health care system and the medical profession in the light of mounting evidence of and concerns around the erosion of public and patient trust in these institutions in India. Analysis is presented through four interrelated thematic articulations. Two themes highlight the practices of doctors and the actions of patients which contributed to changes in their relations and particularly a decline in trust. Two further themes focus on the policy and practice implications for regulation and stewardship of the health system and the medical profession.

Farm dams and the need for integrated water storage safety, equity and land-use policy: Comparative case study evidence from Australia

Farm dams that are not planned, designed and managed properly at the individual level can create water storage safety, equity and land-use planning threats to downstream communities and the environment that aggregate at the catchment level. The paper extends previous research and understanding into this threefold phenomenon by exploring the integrated policy needs within the Australian setting. This is achieved through comparative case studies involving assessments of farm dam policies and their integration, and on-site audit-style surveys of dam management practices that are related to the policies in two state jurisdictions, South Australia and Tasmania. These case studies represent weak versus strong farm dam safety, equity and land-use regulatory policies and integration. Survey results in South Australia find most hazardous farm dams studied are not built or maintained to an adequate standard and spillways are blocked and/or under-designed. This results in potentially storing more water than entitled and creating unsafe dams and potential water sharing equity and land-use planning threats at both the individual and cumulative levels in catchments. Survey results in Tasmania are in contrast and hence this state serves as an exemplar of feasible 3-fold integrated policy that is performing effectively. Analysis of results against international regulatory benchmarks finds that in addition to Tasmania's model there are other regulatory options that may better suit different jurisdictions, and cost-effective tools to help integrated policy implementation are also available. Based on these findings policy recommendations for South Australia are made. The paper represents indicative lessons and guidance for any jurisdiction internationally with similar circumstances on how to design suitable integrated policy that helps farm dams and proximate land-use be developed and managed safely and equitably.

The Impact of Green Finance on Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution: Analysis of the Role of Environmental Regulation and Rural Land Transfer

This study evaluates the impact of green finance on agricultural non-point source pollution control and emission reduction in 30 Chinese provinces from 2005 to 2022. Utilizing the entropy value method and the unit survey inventory method, the research measures the levels of green finance development and agricultural non-point source pollution. It employs a mediation effect model to empirically assess the pollution control efficacy of green finance and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its influence. The findings indicate that green finance development significantly curtails agricultural non-point source pollution emissions. This conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests. The results of mechanism analysis show that environmental regulation and land transfer are important channels for green finance to reduce agricultural non-point source pollution. However, the slowing effect of green finance is stronger in provinces where the economic development level is still in the catch-up zone. Consequently, this study suggests strengthening green finance infrastructure in rural areas, coordinating green finance and environmental regulation policies, optimizing land transfer systems to promote scale management, and developing differentiated green finance policies based on regional economic development levels. These measures aim to augment the role of green finance in pollution treatment and emission reduction, thereby optimizing the green financial system, advancing environmental protection, and fostering sustainable development in China’s agricultural sector.

The Role of the U.S. Dollar in Global Trade Finance: A Study of Its Dominance and Future Prospects

This paper digs deep on what reason has led the U.S. dollar to be a dominant force for years mainly due to its stability, liquidity, and greater usage within international markets. It has made it the world's reserve currency did not just serve as an enabler for far-flung international trades and investments but also led to the establishment of the United States in terms of standing in economic and geopolitical standing. Historical factors concerning the dollar's increasing popularity over time are addressed in this paper-from the post- WWII establishment of the Bretton Woods system to the moments well after the death of the gold standard. It further explores shifting threats to the supremacy of the dollar and key drivers that might change the financial environment in the world. These are the economic ascension of emerging markets, particularly China, seeking to internationalize the yuan; extension of the BRICS bloc, composed of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, and their joint thrust toward depolarization. Digital currencies and blockchain technology provide an emerging alternative that would allow countries to bypass traditional banking systems or lessen their dependency on the dollar when making cross-border transactions. The discussion explores how geopolitical stress - whether a trade war or the imposition of sanctions, as examples - may push the shift away from the dollar, based on a focus on increasing foreign reserves' diversity and insulation against the over-reach of the US. In addition, the paper went through how adjustments in global financial regulation, technological innovation, and central banks' policies may have an impact on the safe-haven status the dollar enjoys. Through a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods, this paper examines the continued relevance of the dollar at the international level in terms of trade and finance. Indeed, it envisions possible scenarios: the continued reign of the dollar, the emergence of rival currencies, and the new politics of global economic crises over currency dynamics. But if nothing else, it provides a more refined and multi- dimensional view of what is going on with the dollar today and what may go on in the future in an increasingly multipolar world economy. These insights will be critical when policymakers, financial institutions, and global businesses negotiate their way through uncertainty in changing currency landscapes. Keywords: U.S. dollar, global trade, finance reserve, currency economic, uncertainty emerging economies, digital currencies, geopolitical shifts currency competition.

The key to intestinal health: a review and perspective on food additives.

In this review, we explore the effects of food additives on intestinal health. Food additives, such as preservatives, antioxidants and colorants, are widely used to improve food quality and extend shelf life. However, their effects on intestinal microecology May pose health risks. Starting from the basic functions of food additives and the importance of intestinal microecology, we analyze in detail how additives affect the diversity of intestinal flora, oxidative stress and immune responses. Additionally, we examine the association between food additives and intestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome, and how the timing, dosage, and individual differences affect the body's response to additives. We also assess the safety and regulatory policies of food additives and explore the potential of natural additives. Finally, we propose future research directions, emphasizing the refinement of risk assessment methods and the creation of safer, innovative additives.

The dynamic nexus between economic growth, renewable energy use, urbanization, industrialization, tourism, green supply chain management, and CO2

Since 2012, China has pursued an “ecological civilization” policy to promote green energy, increase environmental protection, and transition to more sustainable growth models. The complicated positive trends in energy consumption, more sustainable economic growth, and ecological management are obscured by China's persistent, significant dependence on fossil fuels, particularly coal. The study aims to analyze how renewable energy use in China affects carbon dioxide emissions and how those impacts change over time, as well as urbanization, industrialization, tourism, and green supply chain management. The DOLS dynamic system method used historical data from 1995 to 2022. The DOLS results show a positive and statistically significant economic growth coefficient in the long term, suggesting that an increase of only one percent in CO₂ emissions rise would be proportional to a surge in economic growth.Furthermore, using renewable energy sources correlates with long-term sustainability negatively and significantly. The results show reducing CO₂ emissions and boosting renewable energy use by 1 %. Furthermore, the long-run coefficients for industrialization and urbanization are positive and statistically significant, indicating that a 1 % increase in either component results in a comparable increase in CO₂ emissions. Sustainable logistics and tourism have negative and statistically significant coefficients, meaning that a one percent increase will gradually decrease carbon dioxide emissions. The estimated findings hold up when using other estimators, such as the commonly used co-integrating regression (CCR) strategy and fully modified least squares (FMOLS). When Granger causality is coupled, the test also catches the variables' causal link. test. To achieve environmental sustainability, the essay suggests using robust regulatory policy tools to curb ecological deterioration.

Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Green Total Factor Productivity: New Evidence from Yangtze River Delta in China

China has entered a period of high-quality development. As an important feature of high-quality development, green total factor productivity (GTFP) has attracted much attention. With the opening-up and economic globalization, the Yangtze River Delta, one of the strongest and most technological regions in China, has been attracting an increasing amount of foreign direct investment (FDI). This study investigates if FDI is conducive to GTFP under the constraints of specific resources and a specific environment, which has important practical significance for the utilization of FDI in the Yangtze River Delta and China. Through a literature review and sorting the current FDI in the Yangtze River Delta, the GTFP and its decomposition indicators of 27 cities from 2004 to 2019 are calculated based on their energy consumption and pollution. Using the fixed-effects model and threshold model of panel data, this study tests whether FDI promotes GTFP and whether a nonlinear impact of FDI on GTFP exists. It finds that (1) the GTFP of most cities in the Yangtze River Delta improved during the sample period, but their annual growth declined. Technology is the dominant factor affecting the growth of GTFP. (2) FDI in the Yangtze River Delta has increased, and the investment structure has improved, but the distribution among cities is uneven. (3) The scale and quality of FDI have a positive impact on GTFP, which supports the “Pollution Halo” hypothesis. Economics, education, networks, and trade openness can promote the growth of GTFP, while environmental regulation, government intervention, and industrialization have a negative impact. (4) The quality of FDI, economics, the industrial structure, the environmental regulation, and the internet are each a significant single threshold characteristic for the impact of FDI on GTFP. When one of these factors is lower than a certain threshold, FDI has less impact on GTFP. When one exceeds a certain threshold, FDI’s positive promotion effect on GTFP significantly improves. Based on the analysis, this study offers some suggestions. The government should improve the FDI selection mechanism based on realities, make appropriate environmental regulatory policies, strengthen the construction of networks, and improve the “Internet+” effect on productivity.

The effect of attitude towards behaviour, local wisdom culture, whistleblowing intention on fraud prevention

The potential state losses due to corruption cases that occurred in Indonesia from 2017-2021 tend to increase very significantly. This research aims to explore the relationship between attitude and whistleblowing intentions which is also strengthened by local wisdom as well as the role of whistleblowing intention and its influence on fraud prevention. The research method used in this research is a quantitative approach using SEM PLS. The research results show that attitude towards behavior influences whistleblowing intention and whistleblowing intention influences fraud prevention. Meanwhile, the role of local wisdom is not proven to increase the whistleblower's attitude to act to report fraud violations. It is hoped that the results of this research can be used as a consideration in making decisions related to the phenomenon of whistleblowing and fraud in the world of practice and will also become material to be scrutinized in determining applicable regulatory policies to improve local traditions.

Why shouldn't teacher education produce ‘ready-to-teach’ graduates? Mapping a pathway to alternative teacher education and teacher becomings

ABSTRACT Teacher education reforms worldwide have reinforced a narrative that ‘high-quality’ teaching and teachers are the most significant contributors to raising education achievement, reducing societal inequities, and boosting economic development. Consequently, countries have put substantial efforts into regulating initial teacher education (ITE) to ensure graduates are ‘ready’ to deliver ‘high-quality’ practice tackling education and societal issues. This paper problematises the widespread narrative of ITE by critiquing the construction of ‘ready to teach’ graduates in a leading New Zealand ITE regulatory policy. I argue that teaching and assessing ‘readiness’ via ITE has reinforced ‘linearity’ and ‘technical rationalism’ in defining what it is to be a teacher. It has also reflected humanist-colonial discourses that placed solely human agency, capacity, and achievement at the centre of global progress. I propose making a qualitative shift in conceptualising ITE and moving away from defining ‘quality’ and ‘achievement’ through a set of ‘special properties essential to the human knowing subject’. Recognising that the knowing subject is never the teacher alone, but is a living constellation of human, nonhuman, and more-than-human elements with distributed agency is vital for inviting alternative teacher becomings that societies need to change the status quo.