Youth Policy Research Articles

YOUTH EMPLOYMENT AS A PREREQUISITE FOR CREATING A FAMILY IN THE SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES

The article is devoted to the study of ways to overcome youth unemployment and identify the main factors of successful youth employment in Denmark as an effective Scandinavian model, given the need to increase the efficiency of youth employment in Ukraine as a factor of readiness to start a family. It is found that the leading factor that determines the readiness of young people to start a family is socio-economic, which involves acquiring a profession and successful implementation in the labour market. It has been established that full employment of the young population as one of the strategic objectives of the Danish government has been successfully implemented in recent decades. It is found that the youth policy implemented at the level of Danish municipalities is based on the values enshrined in international conventions, national and local legislation and is in line with their strategic documents. These include: taking into account the diversity of needs, interests, abilities, talents of young people; creating policies for young people and with the active participation of young people; aiming to increase opportunities for the development of social, personal and professional potential of young people; affirming equal value and equal rights for all; paying special attention to children and young people in vulnerable or disadvantaged situations, children and young people with disabilities; creating a high-quality democratic educational environment for children and young people. It has been determined that municipal youth initiatives are often experimental in nature, and their mechanisms are based on preventive, early intervention with broad involvement of young people in the discussion in the decision-making process in communities. The study identified the key factors for successful youth employment and overcoming youth unemployment in Denmark. It is concluded that there is a need for a thorough study of the best practices of developed countries in employment policy, systematisation of initiatives and combination of approaches in the youth segment of the labour market in order to develop and implement mechanisms for creating favourable conditions for increasing youth employment in Ukraine.

ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL INDICES FOR MEASURING YOUTH WELL-BEING

In a rapidly developing world, in particular in Uzbekistan, a colossal number of transformational changes are taking place in all spheres of life. The most adaptive and driving actors of these changes are young people, who thereby increase the need for constant work to improve the conditions created for further personal and national growth. In this regard, in this article, the author analyzed indexes for measuring the welfare of the population and youth, the data of which can serve as the basis for drawing up plans for the further implementation of youth policy, based on the current needs of young people.

중학생의 사회적 지지와 삶의 만족도의 구조적 관계

Objectives This study reveals, from a middle school student perspective, the social support from parents, teach-ers, and friends, as well as the structural relationship of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Moreover, it explores the direct and indirect effects of social support on life satisfaction, focusing on the mediating effect of self-esteem. Methods For this purpose, the structural equation model was applied to Wave 4 of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018(KCYPS 2018) data set(7th grade, N = 2,275), conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. Results The results are as follows: First, teacher support perceived by middle school students had a direct and significant effect on life satisfaction. Second, friend support perceived by middle school students did not sig-nificantly affect life satisfaction through the mediating effect of self-esteem, indicating a complete mediation ef-fect of self-esteem on life satisfaction. Third, parents support perceived by middle school students did not sig-nificantly affect life satisfaction, suggesting that middle school students may be more influenced by relationships with teachers and friends than by their relationships with parents. Conclusions This study confirms the significant impact of teacher support on life satisfaction and the significant influence of friend support on self-esteem among middle school students. It is significant in confirming the struc-tural relationship between social support, self-esteem, and life satisfaction among middle school students and verifying the mediating effect of self-esteem between social support and life satisfaction.

출산율을 제고하는 청년정책의 구조개혁 모색

출산율을 제고하는 청년정책의 구조개혁 모색

성별에 따른 미혼 청년의 결혼의향 요인 연구

Objectives This study analyzed the factors affecting the marriage intention of unmarried young people by gender. Methods For this purpose, 1,691 unmarried young people (947 men, 744 women) between the ages of 18 and 34 conducted by the Korea Youth Policy Institute were selected as research subjects, and personal characteristics, parental factors, workplace factors, and policy factors were used as independent variables. Marriage intention was selected as the dependent variable. Results The main research results are: First, personal factors had a significant effect only on men in terms of age (the younger the age, the higher the intention to marry). Second, parental factors had a significant effect on the mother's education level only for men (the higher the mother's education level, the higher the intention to marry). Third, as for workplace factors, job welfare level and work values had a significant effect only on women (job The lower the welfare level and the higher the value of work, the higher the intention to marry). Fourth, in terms of poli-cy factors, only men had a significant effect on training/career policy and childbirth/childcare policy (the higher the training/career policy, the higher the childbirth/childcare policy, the higher the intention to marry). Conclusions As there is a clear difference between men and women in the intention to marry among unmarried young people, customized support should be provided for each factor that can increase the intention to marry. Through this, the government and local governments should carry out various promotional activities and activate programs for single young men and women.

ЎЗБЕКИСТОНДА ЁШЛАРГА ОИД ДАВЛАТ СИЁСАТИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ

The article talks about the advancement of the youth problem as a result of reforms being implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The President especially emphasized the importance of youth policy.

Личный бренд студента-спортсмена как инструмент публичной дипломатии

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need and expediency of supplementing the competence of international activities with the competence of public sports diplomacy of specialists in physical culture and sports for productive participation in the implementation of international sports cooperation programs. The article complements the political, humanitarian, cultural prerequisites for the implementation of public diplomacy in the field of physical culture at the level of mass and amateur sports, recorded in international and Russian documents. The goals of public diplomacy in the field of youth policy and student sports are clarified, aimed at creating a positive image, business reputation and a productive personal and corporate brand. Based on the concept of “sports well-being”, the structure of its components and their content, the content of the phenomenon “personal brand of a student-athlete” is substantiated. The structure of the components of the personal brand of a student-athlete as an actor of public diplomacy was modeled. Methodology for designing a personal brand of a student-athlete is presented. Recommendations have been formulated for designing the content of the educational program of additional education, the advanced training course “Strategies, tactics and techniques of public diplomacy in the field of physical culture and sports”, integrating knowledge in the field of foreign policy, world sports, sociology, social psychology, intercultural communication, public relations and journalism, collectively necessary and sufficient to assume the social role of “actor of public sports diplomacy”.

Законодательное правотворчество на примере молодежной политики

статья посвящена проблемам современного правотворчества в сфере правового регулирования молодежной политики Российской Федерации. Авторы акцентируют внимание на некоторых спорных вопросах действующего законодательства, регулирующего молодежную политику в Российской Федерации, анализируют основные положения. Также затрагивается современное состояние, отмечается актуальность и важность, предлагаются изменения в действующее законодательство. Выводы, сформулированные авторами могут быть использованы в законотворческой деятельности, практической деятельности государственных органов и при изучении дисциплин юридического цикла. the article is devoted to the problems of modern law-making in the field of legal regulation of youth policy of the Russian Federation. The authors focus on some controversial issues of the current legislation regulating youth policy in the Russian Federation, analyze the main provisions. The current state is also touched upon, the relevance and importance are noted, and amendments to the current legislation are proposed. The conclusions formulated by the authors can be used in lawmaking, practical activities of government agencies and in the study of disciplines of the legal cycle.

CONSISTENT REFORMS AIMED AT ENSURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE POLICY ON YOUTH IN INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES

The article examines and analyzes the ongoing reforms in the field of state youth policy and the priorities of state policy, their essence, necessity and significance. Proposals were put forward for the solution and further improvement of some problematic issues arising in the implementation of state youth policy.

State Youth Policy in Recruitment System of Political Leader

The article contains the results of a study, the aim of which was to identify the role of youth policy in the system of recruiting political leaders. In the text, the authors analyze the features of the formation and stages of development of youth policy as a part of state policy aimed at supporting young people and realizing their interests. The article describes existing programs and projects designed not only to support young people, but also to help identify, develop and support their political potential and, consequently, the formation of youth political leadership in Russia. The paper presents the results of an expert survey conducted by the authors in 2023, the aim of which was to determine the features of state youth policy as a tool for the formation and identification of the leadership potential of youth, as well as the integration of its representatives into the country’s political elite through the system of recruiting youth political leaders. As a result, the authors came to the conclusion that recently there has been an evolution of state youth policy in the indicated manner. It acts as the primary mechanism of socialization in the field of political leadership, providing opportunities for building a career in various fields of activity, including in the field of public policy and public administration. At the same time, as a result of the study, the authors came to the conclusion about the fragmented nature of its implementation, expressed in the difference between the declared and actual levels, which meanwhile makes it possible to build career trajectories and social elevators for a certain category of young people, forming the first level of the pool for recruiting political leaders.

DEVELOPMENT OF YOUTH WORK IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION: ACADEMIC, SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED ASPECTS

The article reveals the peculiarities of the development of youth work in institutions of higher education.Youth work is a promising field of professional activity with young people, which requires the development of training and employment of youth workers, the level of popularization of youth work in all regions and cities of Ukraine.The development of youth policy, youth work in institutions of higher education has academic and applied aspects and has gone from an educational discipline to scientific and practical developments.Using the example of Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, the history of the development of youth policy, youth work from academic discipline to scientific and practical developments is covered. In particular, since 2018, the educational and professional program «Social work (Youth work)» has been implemented at the second level of higher education «master» in the specialty «231 Social work».In the context of the development of youth policy as an educational component, later – a separate educational program, there was a vital need to conduct scientific research in this direction. Initially, these were studies on the history of youth work. Subsequently, the historical-pedagogical vector of research was expanded by scientific investigations into the theory and practice of social work, particularly youth work. Scientific research in the field of youth work, youth policy within the educational and scientific program «Social Work» of the third (educational and scientific) level of higher education (specialty 231 «Social Work», educational degree «Doctor of Philosophy») and scientific program deserve special attention «Theoretical and methodological foundations of training future social workers for youth work» (specialty 231 «Social work», scientific level «Doctor of Sciences»).In 2018, the youth center «START» was established at Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University. The purpose of the center's activity is comprehensive development and self-realization of youth in various spheres of social life, disclosure of their potential, protection of interests and rights, promotion of social formation and development, professional orientation and organization of meaningful leisure time, support of talented, gifted youth.The authors, on the basis of the theory and practice of youth work, taking into account the suggestions of stakeholders, determined the prospects for the academic, scientific and applied aspects of the youth policy in the context of the development of social youth policy in Ukraine.

부모의 방임적 양육태도가 다문화청소년의 학업중단의도에 미치는 영향 -사회적 위축과 성취동기의 이중매개효과를 중심으로-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dual mediating effects of social withdrawal and achievement motivation on relationship between parent’s neglecting attitude and school dropout intention of multicultural adolescents. To achieve this, the dual mediating analysis was conducted on 1,197 multicultural adolescents using 8th year of Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study(MAPS) data collected by the National Youth Policy institute. The results were as followed. First, parent’s neglecting attitude has directly a positive effect on school dropout intention among multicultural adolescents. Second, higher levels of parent’s neglecting attitude are associated with higher levels of social withdrawal, which, in turn, are associated with higher levels of school dropout intention. Third, higher levels of parent’s neglecting attitude are associated with lower levels of achievement motivation, which, in turn, are associated with higher levels of school dropout intention. Fourth, parent’s neglecting attitude has an indirect effect on school dropout intention through social withdrawal and achievement motivation. Based on these results, practical strategies for preventing neglecting attitude and social withdrawal and improving achievement motivation are discussed to reduce school dropout among multicultural youths.

결혼이주여성의 문화적응과 초등학생 자녀의 학교적응 간의 구조적 관계: 학교활동참여와 양육효능감 매개를 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the cultural adaptation types (assimilation and integration) of marriage immigrant women on their children's school adjustment, mediated by school activity participation and parenting efficacy. For this purpose, data from the first year of the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study(MAPS) 2nd cohort(MAPS 2) conducted by the Korea Youth Policy Institute were utilized, involving 2,224 households with fourth-grade elementary school students. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling using AMOS 22.0 were conducted, and path analysis utilizing phantom variables was performed to verify the influence of each path. The main findings of this study are as follows: First, the cultural adaptation type of marriage immigrant women had a significant effect on school activity participation, but had negative effects on parenting efficacy, and had no effects on school adjustment. Second, in the relationship between the cultural adaptation assimilation type of immigrant women and school adjustment of their children, both school activity participation and parenting efficacy were found to have significant dual mediating effects. Furthermore, parenting efficacy was found to have a significant partially mediating effect in the relationship between cultural adaptation assimilation type and school adjustment of their children, while it had a significant statically mediating effect in the relationship between cultural adaptation integration type and school adjustment of their children. Based on the findings, educational implications were discussed.

청소년의 차별경험이 자살생각에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to determine whether self-esteem and depression have a double mediating effect in the process of experiencing discrimination victimization affecting suicidal thoughts. The subjects of the study were 6,120 middle and high school students from the ‘2022 Children and Youth Human Rights Survey’ data of the Korea Youth Policy Institute, and the double mediation effect was verified using the Macro Process for SPSS program. The research results are as follows. First, the experience of discrimination was found to have a positive effect on suicidal thoughts. Second, the experience of discrimination was found to have a negative effect on self-esteem. Third, the experience of discrimination was found to have a positive effect on depression, and self-esteem was found to have a negative effect on depression. Fourth, experiences of discrimination and depression were found to have a positive effect on suicidal thoughts, and self-esteem was found to have a negative effect. Fifth, the results of the analysis of the direct and total effects of the experience of discrimination victimization on the mediators, self-esteem and depression, and the dependent variable suicidal ideation were both significant, and the double mediating effect was verified, so that the higher the experience of discrimination victimization, the higher the self-esteem. It was found that as the level decreases and the level of self-esteem decreases, depression increases, which leads to an increase in the level of suicidal thoughts. Based on these results, various education, counseling, and program activation measures were proposed to reduce adolescents' suicidal thoughts.

CONTEXTUALISING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A PANACEA TO YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA

Youth unemployment has bewildered governments across the globe, both in developed and emerging economies countries, with South Africa being no exception. This is captured through the accelerating youth unemployment rate in the country. Considering the positive contributions of excessive youth entrepreneurship policies in other countries, this paper, through the lenses of Schumpeter’s 1934 economic development theory, demonstrates that through entrepreneurship, the South African government should strive to accelerate the already implemented and discard the less effective youth policies. Consequently, creating an innovative environment centered around the youth eradicates the exacerbating percentage of inactive or discouraged youth due to unemployment. Longer spells of inactivity threaten their human development and their contribution to the South African economy. Therefore, a youth-driven entrepreneurship economy can assist the government in counter-solving upcoming and persistent negative effects of unemployed youth. Keeping the youth productive, and innovative, creating jobs and incomes.

ЭМИГРАЦИОННЫЕ УСТАНОВКИ УЧАЩЕЙСЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ МОЛОДЁЖИ (по материалам социологического исследования)

The article analyzes the emigration attitudes and factors of emigration behavior of students in the Russian Federation identified through an Internet survey. Based on the data obtained, hypotheses about the dominant economic causes of youth migration from the Russian Federation and the relevance of the problem of obtaining high-quality and affordable higher education among the young population were confirmed. The authors conclude that it is necessary to make additions to the Foundations of the state youth policy of the Russian Federation aimed at the strategic resolution of the identified problems and meeting the modern needs of Russian youth.

Enhancing youth Voices: Exploring community participation through youth workers

The European Union and Council of Europe (hereafter referred to as the EU and CE) encourage member states to promote and stimulate the active participation of young people through the role of youth workers. However, it is worth noting that the personal perceptions of youth workers may influence the actions they take to achieve this goal. This article aims to investigate the perceptions of youth workers and the characteristics and conditions of their interventions in promoting young people's participation in the community. To this end, six discussion groups were formed, consisting of 51 professionals working in this field in Catalonia, Spain. The findings suggest that youth workers associate the notion of participation with how young people dialogue with the public institutions. Although youth workers have observed self-managed forms of participation among young people, their aim is to improve the relationship between young people and institutions. They also acknowledge that young people are often on the margins of the local political context. Rather than being viewed as active citizens and central figures, young people are frequently seen as being in a learning and development phase towards adulthood. At the methodological level, youth workers use strategies based on socio-educational relationships and identify conditioning factors that limit the development of transformative policies for civic participation in their workplaces. It is recommended that the model for local youth policies be transformed into a more collaborative approach. This would involve collaboration between youth workers, young people and adults to foster innovative public participation policies that help promote the potential of municipalities for change.

Legal Expertise as a Tool of Countering Violent Extremism in the Web 2.0

The paper deals with the results of the study aimed to countermeasure violent extremism in Web 2.0. The paper focuses on the results of the research entitled “Russian Legal Concept of Media Security” and implemented within the framework of the “Priority-2030” Academic Strategic Leadership Program. The increased number of public crimes committed in the new media using telecommunications technologies makes the study relevant. The study is aimed to improve the understanding of current and future global media security challenges and to explain how to resist them based on legal expertise. Legal expertise is characterized as a tool that can contribute to raising the general level of legal culture and, in this regard, the authors highlight that availability of law and language knowledge is relevant in solving criminal law issues regarding implementation of basic rights and freedoms in the digital environment. The authors examine public relations in the field of education, family relations and youth policy related to those who share traditional morality and focus on countering a destructive ideological impact on children, adolescents, and the youth, carried out in order to neutralize inimical inculcation of spiritual values alien to Russian society. The authors scrutinized social networking, a combination of mini web pages, blogs and searchable communities, to detect signs of extremist propaganda shared via internet communication as a key challenge Russian society is facing nowadays. They elucidate the importance of undertaking effective measures to protect the population from harmful effect of destructive extremist ideology and its negative psychological impact. An interdisciplinary study of media security in the paradigm of criminal law sciences was conducted on the basis of legal expertise — a comprehensive criminalistic, criminology, forensic, psychological and linguistic approach to counteracting a destructive ideological impact on adolescents and neutralizing the mechanisms of implanting alien moral values. The authors have systematized threats to traditional Russian spiritual values and proposed to amend legislation and law enforcement practice to improve media security. Deep efforts should be made to encourage zero tolerance for extremist actions in the information sphere among people, to form their competence to ensure media security, including effective recourse to legal (or forensic) experts and authorized entities in case of violations of the law.

State youth policy in Russia as a tool for the development of society: an analytical review

This article deals with the peculiarities of the implementation of youth policy in the Russian Federation. The analysis of the main normative-legal acts of the Russian Federation in this direction is carried out. In particular, most of the attention was paid to the "Fundamentals of State Youth Policy in the Russian Federation until 2025" approved on 29 November 2014 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation № 2403-r. In the course of the study, the author identified a number of problems of youth policy. Thus, it was established that from 2014 to the present time there is a tendency to decrease the number of young citizens in the total share of the country's population. Consequently, this creates significant problems in the labour market. Attention is drawn to the problems of political representation of young people in the Russian power structures. The absence of measures in the state policy to attract young people to the political life of the country can reduce their civic consciousness, which will negatively affect the society as a whole. As a result, the author made assumptions about how to correct the current state of the state youth policy and to achieve improvement of employment indicators, number and civic activity of young citizens.

“Cultivating a Sense of Duty and Responsibility to Society”: the Specificity of the “Service-Learning” Approach in China

Civic education and youth nurturing continue to be the focus of academic discussions. Over the past decade, in Russian higher education there has been an increasing interest in intensification of youth policy, as well as the introduction of new ideological, philosophic disciplines and modules. In this regard, the experience of those foreign countries that, like Russia, are faced with the tasks of forming national identity, citizenship, solidarity, and preserving traditional values, is worth exploring. The People’s Republic of China is one of the most telling examples among such countries. However, the development of civic education in China has not received sufficient attention in academic publications. This is especially noticeable in the service-learning pedagogical approach.As a result of the study, the influence of the cultural and historical context on civic education in China was revealed. Additionally, the differences in the implementation of service-learning in various regions of the country were identified. Firstly, China faces the challenges of countering the globalization, formation of the national identity, and preserving the traditional culture. Secondly, the country needs to unite mainland China and special administrative regions (SARs). The study found that civic education in general and service learning in particular are highly dependent on cultural and historical context. The political development of the country, the evolution of its education system, and the socio-economic differentiation between regions of China have a significant impact on the service-learning initiatives.