Preservation Policies Research Articles

How to Achieve the Ecological Sustainability Goal of Ecologically Fragile Areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A Multi-Scenario Simulation of Lanzhou-Xining Urban Agglomerations

The future of the ecologically fragile areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a matter of concern. With the implementation of the Western Development Strategy, the Lanzhou-Xining Urban Agglomeration (LXUA) has encountered conflicts and compromises between urban expansion, ecological protection, and farmland protection policies in the rapid development of the past 2 decades. These deeply affect the land use layout, making the ecological sustainable development of the ecologically fragile areas of the QTP a complex and urgent issue. Exploring the impact of different policy-led land use patterns on regional ecosystem services is of great significance for the sustainable development of ecologically fragile areas and the formulation of relevant policies. Following the logical main line of “history-present-future”, the Patch-level Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model, which explores potential factors of historical land use, and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model were used to construct three future scenarios for the modernization stage in 2031 dominated by different land use policies in this study. These scenarios include the Business-as-Usual Scenario (BS), the Cropland Protection Scenario (CP), and the Ecological Protection Scenario (EP). The study analyzed and predicted land use changes in the LXUA from 2001 to 2031 and assessed carbon storage, habitat quality at different time points, and water yield in 2021. The results indicated that land use changes from 2001 to 2021 reflect the impacts and conflicts among the Western Development Strategy, ecological protection policies, and cropland preservation policies. In 2031, construction land continues to increase under all three scenarios, expanding northwards around Lanzhou, consistent with the actual “northward expansion” trend of Lanzhou City. Changes in other land uses are in line with the directions guided by land use policy. By 2031, carbon storage and habitat quality decline under all scenarios, with the highest values observed in the EP scenario, the lowest carbon storage in the BS scenario, and the lowest habitat quality in the CP scenario. Regarding water yield, the LXUA primarily relies on alpine snowmelt, with construction land overlapping high evapotranspiration areas. Based on the assessment of ecosystem services, urban expansion, delineation of ecological red lines, and improvement of cropland quality in the LXUA were proposed. These findings and recommendations can provide a scientific basis for policy makers and planning managers in the future.

Best Practices in the Nursing Care of Patients With Injuries From Violence: An Integrative Review.

The number of patients who have experienced violence is increasing worldwide. These patients have specific psychosocial and forensic needs and can present unique challenges to the health care workers caring for them. To identify best practices for the care of patients with injuries from violence in the emergency department or inpatient setting. The framework for integrative reviews by Whittemore and Knafl was used to conduct a literature search in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health databases. Fourteen qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies from peer-reviewed journals were included in the review. Themes included identifying patients as survivors of intimate partner violence or child abuse, the need to collect forensic evidence, the need for emotional support of patients and their loved ones, support for health care workers caring for patients with injuries from violence, prevention of further violence, and the challenges of caring for patients with injuries from violence with concurrent substance use disorders. Best practices for these aspects of care are summarized on the basis of literature analysis. Screening procedures are needed to identify survivors of intimate partner violence and child abuse. Forensic evidence preservation policies should be in place. For survivors of sexual assault, a sexual assault nurse examiner should be available. Hospital systems should provide psychosocial resources for patients' and health care workers' mental health, implement violence reduction programs, and provide bias training. More research is needed to determine efficacy of care models and best practice.

Challenges and strategies in the preservation of historical and audiovisual archives

The conservation of historical and audiovisual archives is essential for preserving cultural heritage, collective memory, and national identity. These archives—comprising documents, photographs, films, videos, and other materials—serve as critical records of historical events, cultural traditions, and social practices. However, preserving such materials is fraught with challenges, including physical and chemical degradation caused by factors like humidity, temperature, light, and improper handling. Moreover, technological obsolescence poses a significant risk to digital media. To address these issues, conservation efforts must include both the restoration of damaged materials and preventive measures to mitigate future deterioration. This involves not only restoring old photographs and repairing films but also digitizing documents and creating controlled storage environments. Digital conservation, including the migration of obsolete formats to current technologies, is crucial for the longevity of audiovisual materials. Studies highlight various challenges faced in audiovisual preservation. Rasaki et al. (2023) identified obstacles such as technological obsolescence, inadequate storage conditions, lack of funding, insufficient management commitment, and a shortage of trained personnel in a Nigerian university library. Muhammad (2019) further pointed out systemic issues, including the absence of a national preservation policy and undervaluation of audiovisual materials. Evens and Hauttekeete (2011) discussed challenges in digital preservation, noting that underdeveloped policies leave archives vulnerable to deterioration and technological obsolescence. Baker (2021) documented a significant upgrade at the University of Kansas Libraries, showcasing the expansion of conservation facilities and the creation of specialized spaces for audiovisual preservation. Effective preservation requires a collective effort that includes governments, cultural institutions, and public education. Comprehensive preventive measures—such as managing environmental conditions, regulating light exposure, and protecting collections from pollutants and threats—are essential to ensure the accessibility and preservation of valuable cultural heritage for future generations.

Waste management of multiple food products through IoT enabled preservation policies and secondary supply chains

Recycling food waste (FW) into secondary products can transform the waste-to-value. This study proposes reducing FW through IoT controlled preservation and consuming it through a secondary supply chain (SSC). It explores the best policies for SSC management that recycles FW. The food chain comprises of multiple food processors for preparing multiple food products, and a common retailer where IoT based preservation curtails food deterioration. The SSC consumes the FW by recycling into multiple secondary products at multiple recycling plants and retailing at a secondary retailer. A dual channel waste collection viz. from retailers and consumers is maintained. Each product within primary and secondary supply chains (PSSCs) has a different lifetime, rate of deterioration (RoD), and preservation effectiveness. A nonlinear mathematical model is presented that optimizes decision-making for maximizing profitability. Outcomes of computational experiments demonstrate that the SSC removes 100% of the FW, conserves 89% of material resources, reduces 16% of the total cost, minimizes preservation efforts by 50%, improves replenishment cycle, and increases profitability by 39%. Some managerial insights are provided for making vital supply chain decisions.

Modeling the richness and spatial distribution of the wild relatives of Iranian pears (Pyrus L.) for conservation management

The preservation of the genetic resources of crop wild relatives (CWRs) is crucial for food production systems and is considered a vital measure for global agricultural health and food security. The identification of potential areas where CWRs can thrive is one of the first steps towards their conservation. In this study, we used a maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) to determine the habitat suitability of seven wild relatives of pears (Pyrus L.) for the first time. We aimed to identify high-priority areas for conservation and determine the hotspots for rich biodiversity in Iran. The study showed excellent predictive performance for all species studied (AUC value ≥ 90). The soil depth, solar radiation, minimum temperature of the coldest month (Bio6), and precipitation of the wettest quarter (Bio16) were the main environmental factors that influenced the habitat suitability of all seven species, according to permutation importance. The projected maps revealed that P. elaeagnifolia had the largest suitable habitat area, while P. glabra had the lowest. The results also showed that less than 5% of the suitable habitats for these seven species were in protected areas. This research highlights the need for national preservation policies and the development of cultivation and rehabilitation strategies for these threatened species.

Preserving Library Collections in South Asia: Techniques, Policies, and Capacity Building Programs in University Libraries

The study explores the preservation policy and techniques employed in preserving library materials in three libraries in South Asia: Central University of Kashmir; Islamic University of Science and Technology; and University of Kashmir. The study aims to: investigate preservation policy/plan/division of selected libraries; investigate the current preservation technique used in the libraries; explore the category of staff responsible for preservation of library materials; and identify capacity building programs attended by staff at local, national/international level on preservation. Data collection was employed: results were tabulated, interpreted, and correlated with the published literature to ferret out meaningful findings and draw logical conclusions. The study reveals that: binding (sewing) and fumigation (solid fumigation) are widely employed techniques in preservation; manuscripts are mostly prioritized for preservation; and usually professionals are involved in dealing with preservation. However, none of the libraries possess preservation policies, which are crucial for the preservation of the library collection on a systematic and scientific basis. In order to cope with the changing environment of information preservation and management, libraries regularly organize seminars and conferences on preservation, and it is hoped that stakeholders continue to identify loopholes and to build capacity for preservation.

Analysis of Personal Data Preservation Policy in Utilizing AI-Based Chatbot Applications in Indonesia

The increasing adoption of AI-based chatbot applications in Indonesia raises concerns about personal data preservation. This qualitative case study investigated the issue through in-depth interviews with chatbot users, developers, and government officials/regulators. This study's findings revealed a gap in user awareness of privacy policies and concerns about data misuse. Developers face challenges balancing personalization with privacy, while regulators acknowledge the need to continuously adapt the legal framework. The study recommends enhancing transparency, user empowerment, and regulatory oversight to ensure the responsible and ethical use of personal data in chatbot interactions.

Pamali and Multiculturalism: Islamic Thought in Preserving the Rights of Cultural Customs in Banjar Society

The research titled "Pamali and Multiculturalism: Islamic Thought in Preserving the Rights of Cultural Customs in Banjar Society" focuses on the role of the Pamali tradition in maintaining cultural diversity and local identity within the Banjar society of South Kalimantan, all within the framework of Islamic thought. The study aims to explore how Pamali can serve as a tool for preserving minority rights and promoting multiculturalism in an Islamic context. Additionally, it seeks to analyze the relevance and effectiveness of the Pamali tradition in addressing the challenges posed by modernization. This research employs a qualitative approach, specifically a case study of the Banjar community. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with community leaders, and analysis of literature related to Pamali and multiculturalism in Islam. The findings reveal that Pamali plays a significant role in preserving local culture and supporting the integration of Islamic values with local traditions. The study confirms that Pamali not only helps maintain the cultural identity of the Banjar people but also promotes inclusive multiculturalism within an Islamic framework. However, the effectiveness of Pamali in preserving multiculturalism faces challenges from the pressures of modernization, which require more structured adaptation and institutional support. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of local traditions in Islamic multiculturalism and offers insights for developing cultural preservation policies in Indonesia.

Waste consumption of bio-degradable products through a secondary supply chain

Food and agriculture organization estimates that 33% of the food is wasted in the world. It is essential to optimize the food supply chains to mitigate the economic and environmental impacts of this large amount of food waste. The targets of food waste reduction can be achieved by increasing lifetime and consuming the inevitably produced food waste for producing secondary products. This research proposes a primary and secondary supply chain model, where effective preservation policy increases lifetime of food items, and the yet produced food waste is converted into secondary products. This way, the waste from the system is removed and it is converted into a sustainable zero-waste system. A nonlinear mathematical model is proposed to set the objective function of the research, which best determines the production plan, inventory schedule and investment in preservation technology while maximizing profit. The model is solved using the Kuhn-Tucker method, and the model optimality is obtained by proposing an algorithm. Numerical analysis is carried out to validate the presented model, and sensitivity analysis is performed to demonstrate the effects of variation in cost parameters on the profit. The outcome of the analysis shows that the proposed secondary supply chain increases profit by 35% and the preservation policy increases the profit by 17.9%. Besides, the proposed policies minimize and remove the food waste from system. Managerial implications are provided for the practitioners to apply the proposed model in food supply chains.

Historical construction, quantitative source identification and risk assessment of heavy metals contamination in sediments from the Pearl River Estuary, South China

Historical reconstruction of heavy metals (HMs) contamination in sediments is a key for understanding the effects of anthropogenic stresses on water bodies and predicting the variation trends of environmental state. In this work, eighteen sediment cores from the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) were collected to determine concentrations and geochemical fractions of HMs. Then, their potential sources and the relative contributions during different time periods were quantitatively identified by integrating lead-210 (210Pb) radioisotope dating technique into positive matrix factorisation (PMF) method. Pollution levels and potential ecological risks (PERs) caused by HMs were accurately assessed by enrichment factors (EF) based on establishment of their geochemical baselines (GCBs) and multiparameter evaluation index (MPE). HMs concentrations generally showed a particle size- and organic matter-dependent distribution pattern. During the period of 1958–1978, HMs concentrations remained at low levels with agricultural activities and natural processes being identified as the predominant sources and averagely contributing >60%. Since the reform and opening-up in 1978, industrial and traffic factors become the primary anthropogenic sources of HMs (such as Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni), averagely increasing from 22.1% to 28.1% and from 11.6% to 23.4%, respectively. Conversely, the contributions of agricultural and natural factors decreased from 37.0% to 28.5% and from 29.3% to 20.0%, respectively. Subsequently, implementation of environmental preservation policies was mainly responsible for the declining trend of HMs after 2010. Little enrichment of sediment Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Ni with EFs (0.15–1.43) was found in the PRE, whereas EFs of Cd (1.16–2.70) demonstrated a slight to moderate enrichment. MPE indices of Cu (50.7–252), Pb (52.0–147), Zn (35.5–130), Ni (19.6–71.5), Cr (14.2–68.8) and Cd (0–9.90) highlighted their potential ecological hazards due to their non-residual fractions and anthropogenic sources.

Farmland protection and fertilization intensity: Empirical evidence from preservation policy of Heilongjiang's black soil

The preservation of cultivated land quality stands as a vital prerequisite for ensuring food security and sustainability. In the black soil area of northeast China, a large amount of fertilizer was used to stabilize grain production in its early stages, which damaged soil structure and polluted the ecological environment. Based on the panel data of fertilization intensity of 48 districts and counties in Heilongjiang Province from 2010 to 2020, this study takes the implementation of the “Three-Year Action Plan for the Protection of Black Soil Farmland in Heilongjiang Province for the (2018–2020)” (TYAP) policy as a natural experiment, and uses the difference-in-differences (DiD) method to identify the causal effect of the policy on the local fertilization intensity. The results of the empirical study showed that the implementation of the TYAP policy significantly reduced the fertilization intensity of the black soil cultivated land implemented by the policy during the implementation period, which resulted in a decrease of 11.97% on average compared with the areas without the policy implementation. Several robustness tests provided additional confirmation of the aforementioned findings. This study further revealed that the policy mitigated fertilization intensity by fostering advancements in agricultural mechanization.

Unveiling the botanical treasures of the amazon: the magnificent legacy of the fabaceae family

The Amazon, as one of the most diverse and vitally important ecosystems on the planet, remains a crucial focus of study to understand the richness of plant biodiversity. In this study, we conducted a survey of botanical diversity in the Amazon region, to understand the richness and distribution of plant species present. We identified a remarkable variety of species adapted to the Amazon environment. We analyze the diversity and distribution of local flora. The main finding highlights the significant role of the Fabaceae botanical group in the ecology and structuring of Amazonian ecosystems. This study contributes to the understanding of the Amazon flora and reinforces the importance of deepening knowledge about biodiversity in the region. The data presented offer valuable support for the conservation and management of natural resources in the Amazon, highlighting the continued need for environmental preservation policies and studies in the region.

Does historic preservation affect firms' output? Evidence from the awarding of the Historic City title in China

Historic preservation policies have garnered increasing attention and recognition from countries worldwide. However, most studies have focused on local livelihoods and housing, with few examining the effects on firms' production activities. Exploiting the awarding of the Historic City title in China, this paper provides the first empirical evidence of historic preservation's impact on industrial firms' output. Receiving the Historic City title reduces local industrial firms' output by 6.1%. The main mechanisms are restrictions on land use and industrial development. Furthermore, the historic preservation policy has a negative macro effect at the city level. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of historic preservation policies.

THE LEGAL CONSTRUCTION OF MANGROVE PROTECTION IN CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION: LEGAL STUDY ON THE SOUTH SULAWESI SCALE

Mangroves are coastal ecosystems that play a vital role in protecting the environment and the economy, as well as aiding climate change mitigation. The mangrove rehabilitation program in South Sulawesi is a strategic step by the government to ensure the sustainability of coastal environments. The success of these efforts depends on the participation of all stakeholders. The aim of this research is to identify the impacts and implications of constitutional legal protection on the conservation, restoration, and management of mangrove ecosystems as part of climate change mitigation strategies in South Sulawesi. This research utilizes normative legal research methods with a focus on the legal framework related to Mangroves and Climate Change in South Sulawesi, exploring legal sources such as laws, regulations, and relevant legal documents, and applying document content analysis techniques and constitutional legal approaches to identify potential legal improvements in protecting mangroves and addressing climate change in the region. The research findings indicate that legal protection in South Sulawesi plays a crucial role in preserving and restoring the mangrove ecosystem and mitigating climate change. The enforcement of Law No. 32 of 2009 and local regulations provides a strong legal foundation for safeguarding the mangrove ecosystem through land permit restrictions and the establishment of conservation areas. Mangrove preservation policies are also applied at the national level with the support of Indonesia's FOLU Net Sink 2030 Operational Plan. South Sulawesi, through its regional mangrove working group, plays a key role in coordinating mangrove preservation efforts at the regional level. Furthermore, the role of the Indonesian President in the G20 Presidency underscores Indonesia's commitment to climate change mitigation, highlighting the preservation of the mangrove ecosystem as an example for other countries. With collaboration and community awareness, South Sulawesi has the potential to become a successful model in mangrove preservation and climate change mitigation, despite challenges such as economic issues, public awareness, and climate change

Assessing Challenges in Police and Private Security Partnership in Nairobi County, Kenya

In Nairobi County, Kenya, maintaining public safety needed coordination between private security firms and law enforcement. The primary goal of this study was to properly examine the obstacles they encountered. The study's purpose was to define the nature of collaboration within the historical framework of shared responsibilities, with an emphasis on identifying and comprehending the barriers to constructive cooperation.
 Our research took a complete approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methodologies inspired by the differential link notion and the theoretical foundations of systems theory. Nairobi was chosen as the primary data collection hub since it is home to many state and private security service providers.
 The results revealed a statistically significant link (r = 0.682; p 0.05) between the police force and private security firms, emphasizing the importance of their collaborative efforts to ensure public safety in Nairobi County. Accountability issues, insufficient information exchange, and a lack of a regulatory framework were discovered to be complicated (R2 = 0.713). Surprisingly, insufficient manpower, a lack of resources, and a centralized command system were the key causes of these failures.
 This study considerably contributed to the body of knowledge by filling a significant data vacuum regarding police-private security collaborations in Kenya. It also acted as a springboard for further research, supporting a more in-depth examination of Kenya's entire population preservation policy.
 The information acquired from this investigation was critical for politicians, law enforcement, and private security interests. The detailed examination and analysis of these limitations provided the basis for proposing targeted solutions that may improve collaboration, make the best use of available resources, and improve public safety throughout Nairobi County. This summary, which contained the methodology, important findings, and study impact, communicated the core goal of our investigation concisely and clearly.

Selecting Efficient and Reliable Preservation Strategies:

This article addresses the problem of formulating efficient and reliable operational preservation policies that ensure bit-level information integrity over long periods, and in the presence of a diverse range of real-world technical, legal, organizational, and economic threats. We develop a systematic, quantitative prediction framework that combines formal modelling, discrete-event-based simulation, hierarchical modelling, and then use empirically calibrated sensitivity analysis to identify effective strategies. Specifically, the framework formally defines an objective function for preservation that maps a set of preservation policies and a risk profile to a set of preservation costs, and an expected collection loss distribution. In this framework, a curator’s objective is to select optimal policies that minimize expected loss subject to budget constraints. To estimate preservation loss under different policy conditions optimal policies, we develop a statistical hierarchical risk model that includes four sources of risk: the storage hardware; the physical environment; the curating institution; and the global environment. We then employ a general discrete event-based simulation framework to evaluate the expected loss and the cost of employing varying preservation strategies under specific parameterization of risks. Source code is available at:https://github.com/MIT-Informatics/PreservationSimulation The framework offers flexibility for the modeling of a wide range of preservation policies and threats. Since this framework is open source and easily deployed in a cloud computing environment, it can be used to produce analysis based on independent estimates of scenario-specific costs, reliability, and risk. We present results summarizing hundreds of thousands of simulations using this framework. This exploratory analysis points to a number of robust and broadly applicable preservation strategies, provides novel insights into specific preservation tactics, and provides evidence that challenges received wisdom. An earlier version of this paper was published previously in IJDC 15(1) 2020

‘I Don’t Want Bullumwaal to be Forgotten’: How the Community Led the Conservation of a 1897 Stage Curtain in Bullumwaal (East Gippsland, Australia)

Conservation practice increasingly seeks to include community participation. This article reflects on such a collaborative process, through the case study of the community-driven conservation of a stage curtain painted in 1897 for the Mechanics Hall of Bullumwaal, a remote township in the state of Victoria (Australia). From fundraising efforts and navigating grant applications to managing the conservation project, the challenges faced by the local community in order to conserve their curtain and keep it in situ are examined in light of current heritage preservation policies and practices. Close collaboration with the conservators and flexibility with all preconceived plans resulted in a successful negotiated outcome that respected both community values and ethics of preservation. Social events are now planned to advertise the curtain’s presence and attract people to the township. The conservation treatment also triggered more research by local historians, expanding knowledge about the place and its people and opening the Bullumwaal community to new connections with other parts of Victoria. This case illustrates the importance of living cultural heritage within a community and conservation’s contribution to strengthen identity, social cohesion and sense of place through the preservation process.

Proposal of a Knowledge Capitalization Process to Construct Eco-Diars : A Knowledge-driven Platform Applied to Traditional Algerian Domestic Architecture

This article is part of doctoral research that proposes to capitalize on the environmental knowledge drawn from traditional Algerian domestic architecture, supported by a knowledge-based platform . This research aims to (1) build a capital of knowledge related to traditional environmental devices (EDs) allowing to suggest them as “references” to propose conceptual solutions during the upstream phases of the architectural design, (2) support the Algerian government's policy of preservation and digitization of architectural heritage, and (3) support the government's policy of reducing energy consumption in the building sector. From this perspective, this article proposes an interactive knowledge capitalization process involving Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for the modeling, exploitation, and visualization of ED-related knowledge. This article will present the proposed process for knowledge capitalization leading to the development of the knowledge-driven platform Eco-Diars intended to enable designers to efficiently perform their queries related to traditional environmental devices.

Consumer response to adjustable price and shelf-life of fresh food products under effective preservation policy

Food products deteriorate with time, that affects their freshness and demand. Several preservation policies have been suggested in literature for controlling the deterioration. This research work proposes a supply chain model comprising of a manufacturer and a retailer for deteriorating products with controllable rates of deterioration by improving product’s lifetime (freshness) through preservation in form of storage conditions and delayed ripening agents (preservatives). Customers’ purchasing power controls the purchase quantity; thereby allowing them to buy more products for lower prices and vice versa. This observation is incorporated in this study by considering selling price dependent demand for fresh food items. The proposed model considers a variable (lifetime dependent) component of selling price to integrate consumers’ behavior of buying fresher products for higher prices. The proposed supply chain is presented as a nonlinear mathematical model which is solved by using analytical optimization methods and numerical approaches. Considering the given assumptions, this study explores optimal decision-making for selling price, investment in preservation technology (PT), and cycle time for optimizing product’s freshness, deterioration rate, and demand to maximize the total supply chain profit. The results of the numerical experiments reveal the benefits of the proposed policies by exhibiting significant improvements in product’s freshness, deterioration rate, demand, and profitability. A nexus of the product’s freshness, selling price, and demand is investigated which suggests keeping the total selling price unchanged while improving the demand by increasing freshness through the proposed preservation policy. Some managerial insights are provided for decision-making within food chains.

Spatial distributions and multi-factor driving mechanism of landslide in southern Liaodong Peninsula

Coastal areas are characterized by high levels of urbanization and also the most active and highly sensitive to geological activities. Due to the impact of global climate change, landslides occur frequently in coastal areas, which have significantly impacted the sustainable socio-economic development of the region. Therefore, studying the spatial distribution of landslides and the factors that drive them holds immense practical significance for the geohazards prevention and mitigation work and optimization of ecological security patterns in coastal areas. This study takes the southern Liaodong Peninsula as the study area and analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and influence mechanism of landslides. We first applied the Getis-Ord Gi*, kernel density analysis techniques, and Ripley’s K function to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of landslides in the study area at different scales. Then, we employed the information value method to test for the linkage relationships between the driving factors and landslides. Finally, we utilized the geographical detector to reveal the potential impacts and interaction of the driving factors on landslides. The results showed that: (1) landslides in the Southern Liaodong Peninsula exhibit strong spatial clustering characteristics, and have a spatial scale effect; (2) the high susceptibility areas are mainly concentrated in the southern hilly regions and the mountainous regions in the northern parts of the study area; (3) The information value method reveals that there is an optimal combination of factors driving landslides. (4) The factor detector analysis reveals that the primary driver of landslide spatial distribution is the geomorphological types (q-value of 39.10%). (5) The interaction detector indicates that the interplay of all driving factor pairs exhibited an enhanced effect, which is not a simple superposition effect but bivariate and non-linear. The collective influence of natural factors and human activities holds a more substantial influence over landslide development and distribution. The research offers guidance for the execution of landslide prevention initiatives and the establishment of preservation policies for the ecological environment in the southern Liaodong Peninsula region.