Police Station Research Articles

Status of Women Police in India: An Analytical Study of Uttar Pradesh State Police

Despite a number of efforts by the Government to increase the representation of women in police, it has continued to be relatively sluggish. The Government's data shows that there were a total of 2,17,026 women in police forces, which made up 10.5 percent of the entire police force in the country. Very few women police are recruited for leadership positions. The reasons behind the lesser representation of women police in the police department include the working conditions, societal status of women, recruitment rules, retention and promotion discrimination, inadequate infrastructure, and the police image in society etc. Article 355 of the 7th Schedule of the Constitution of India mandates the Union to safeguard each State from both internal and external disturbances. The responsibility for public order crimes and law enforcement falls under the State's jurisdiction, as designated by Article 246 of the Constitution. Therefore, each State has to establish a police force capable of enforcing laws, maintaining public order, and ensuring the safety of its citizens. The United Nations report underscores the importance of women in the police force, noting that the current ratio of 137 police per lakh population falls short of the required 181 police per lakh population. The United Nations recommends a ratio of 222 police per lakh population, a goal that we are currently far from achieving. The present paper provides police data along with the strength of the women police in India. This also highlights the various committees' recommendations for women's policing and the development of the police force through equality and quality of women working in the police system. Some crucial suggestions and recommendations have been provided to increase the recruitment of women in police organisations.

Managing impressions: performance and identity in police leadership in the pandemic

ABSTRACT Critical leadership scholars have long recognised leadership as performative and reveal the symbolic, presentational and ritual aspects of leadership practice as meaning-making. This perspective, however, is neglected in mainstream understanding of police leadership. Drawing on Goffman’s dramaturgical framework and a qualitative study of policing leaders in the UK, this paper explores performativity and police leadership in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Removed from occupational symbols of the police station and performing leadership work exclusively in the home environment, the findings show that police leaders used the uniform as part of a strategy of impression management to construct front and back stage regions in the domestic sphere. In frontstage settings, the uniform was used to represent occupational authority and reinforce a sense of shared, professional identity and purpose, despite the physical separation between leaders and their staff. Alongside this, police leaders constructed and maintained backstage spaces for preparatory and reparative work, even within the home-working setting. The findings challenge traditional conceptualisations of the backstage as physical, boundaried space of the police station and instead reveal backstage space as fluid, dynamic and imagined. As police constabularies consider the impact of remote-working practices on the police workplace, the preservation of backstage spaces for police leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic reveals the value and necessity this backstage work in police leadership.

Infrastructure distribution in cities and the improvement of the well-being of citizens in Japan: evidence from the quantile regression

ABSTRACT Urban construction under the aging society needs to provide efficient services for residents. We investigated the heterogenous relationship between various types of municipality-level critical infrastructure and park construction and the subjective well-being of citizens based on quantile regression using original survey data and the Japanese government statistics bureau of 2015-2017. Positive relationships were found in the low-and middle-level life satisfaction regions owing to the construction of museums or libraries, government branches, government services, health centers, police stations, fire stations, schools, hospitals, post offices, disabled and senior centers, and parks. Moreover, citizens were more likely to feel safe if the living community had comprehensive government-related institutions, including government offices, police stations, fire stations, schools, and post offices, among others. Our results indicated that the number of favorable infrastructures should be increased in areas with low levels of life satisfaction and less-safe communities to improve the citizens’ overall well-being.

Gender and Rural Policing: Lack of Opportunities for Male Police Constables in Rural Police Departments in Trinidad and Tobago

Within the past two decades, there has been increased research interest in rural policing on a global level. While most of those studies were oriented in the United States, Britain, Canada, and Australia, there is a slowly growing corpus of literature on rural policing in the Global South, including the Caribbean. Most of the studies on rural policing have examined rural policing in the context of domestic violence, mental health, administration of justice, conditions of employment, and female issues. Unfortunately, most of these scholarly efforts have not examined male police officers as a distinct group. As conjecture and media reports suggest that male police officers in rural locales in Trinidad and Tobago are treated indifferently, the current research effort presents data gathered from thirteen male police constables attached to rural police stations on the island. This research aims to understand whether this group of police officers suffer from lack of opportunities due to the rural location of their police stations. Three themes: (1) lack of access, (2) fathering/parenting challenges, and (3) favouritism, emanated from the data. Several forms of opportunities that are for male police officers attached to rural police stations in Trinidad and Tobago also emanated from the data and these are presented and discussed.

Working Conditions, Training and Development, Legal Framework, and Management of Gender-Based Violence Cases in Dagoreti Kenya

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a widespread worldwide problem that has negative effects on one's physical, mental, and financial well-being. Effective management of GBV cases by police officers is critical in ensuring justice, protection, and support for survivors. This study explores the factors that influence police officers' management of GBV cases in the context of Dagoretti North Sub-County, Nairobi County, Kenya. Police officers’ duties entails preventing GBV from happening and from happening again, recording cases of GBV, gathering and storing evidence, looking into cases of GBV, catching offenders, and safeguarding survivors and witnesses, referring survivors, and collaborating with the DPP’s Office to ensure the expeditious prosecution of perpetrators. The primary goal of the study was to find out what influences how Dagoretti North Sub-County police officers handle situations involving gender-based violence. The study's particular goals are to examine how working conditions, legal framework, training, and development on management of GBV cases in Dagoretti North Sub-County police stations in Nairobi. Institutional and contingency theories served as the study’s theoretical pillars. The study used a descriptive research design, with the police officers serving as the units of analysis. Sample size of 77 respondents, were used and selected through the stratified random sample. a questionnaire served as the study’s main method for gathering data that was analyzed with SPSS- 26. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and presented in tables. The findings showed that working conditions, legal framework and training and development account for the variation in management of GBV cases. According to the results, legal framework was the predictor objective that most significantly influenced the management of GBV cases, followed by working conditions, and then training and development, which had the least influence on the management of GBV cases.

Testing the invariance of warrior and guardian orientations on the prioritization of procedural justice: Do officer demographics matter?

PurposeThe current study sought to better understand the factors that contribute to whether officers value procedurally just interaction techniques and contribute to the limited research examining how the effects of warrior and guardian mentalities may vary based on individual officer characteristics.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data collected from patrol officers in two geographically different and ethnically diverse United States police departments allowed for an examination of the generality of warrior and guardian orientations on perceptions of procedural justice across gender, race and/or ethnicity, military service, education, and experience.FindingsThere was a largely invariant effect of the mentalities on officer attitudes toward procedural justice, except for officers of color. In this sample, the guardian effect on prioritizing procedural justice was stronger for officers of color than for White officers.Originality/valueThis study sheds light on our theoretical understanding of the warrior/guardian framework and offers practical implications for police leaders and policymakers in their effort to improve police-community relations.

Public Awareness: Understanding Register Of First Information Report Through Critical Discourse Analysis

The purpose of this study is to explore the linguistic aspects of police FIR using Michael Halliday’s system of transitivity and three-dimensional model of CDA, encompassing the macro-sociological analysis of social practice. FIR is a genre of discourse, referring to a report prepared by the police, which reaches the police station first after the commission of a cognizable offence. FIR needs thorough and careful reading, and very difficult to understand by the people of a particular community. In this regard, the Transitivity system is a medley of six different processes realizing ideational meaning which is further strengthened by CDA, which also helps the people of a community to comprehend complex discourses. In accordance with this study, the researchers used the qualitative approach as a paradigm. They used close reading technique as a strategy and relying on purposive sampling in the selection of data. Further textual analysis is used as a method of analysis. The researcher took five FIRs which were analyzed with respect to the transitivity system. This study reveals that the FIRs conform to five processes out six processes of the transitivity system and the three-dimensional model of CDA. Moreover, this study can be extended to other police reports and common people may easily expand their awareness to understand the language and context of FIRs.

Policing the Territorial Waters of The Philippines: Work World of Philippine National Police - Maritime Group (PNP – MG) Troopers

As geopolitical dynamics change and the threat of transnational crimes persists, the need to protect territorial waters and address the growing issues associated with global marine security have taken on more significance. Countries all around the world are struggling with the necessity of protecting their internal waters from a variety of criminal activities, such as illegal fishing, piracy, and drug trafficking. This study explored the work world of PNP Maritime Group Troopers through a qualitative research method. The informants of this study were 10 Maritime Troopers assigned at Bohol Maritime Police Station. Four (4) informants were subjected to an in-depth interview and six (6) informants for the focus group discussion. The findings of this study are illustrated in emergent themes. Four (4) emergent themes described the positive and negative experiences of the informants in the performance of their duties in securing the internal waters of Bohol. For the positive experiences, two (2) emergent themes were developed, namely Familial and Pecuniary Incentives and Perpetual Duty Gratification. For the negative experiences, two (2) emergent themes were also developed, to wit: Unforeseen Logistical Impediments and Organizational Strain Intricacies. Meanwhile, two (2) emergent themes were formulated to explain the informants’ coping with the challenges encountered in the performance of their duties, namely: Optimizing Operation Efficiency and Strategic Dispute Management. Finally, two (2) emergent themes were created to express the aspirations of the informants to improve the quality of their work in securing the internal waters of Bohol, to wit: Biologically Benevolent Stewardship and Harmonious Excellent Synergy. Based on the emergent themes identified, it is recommended to implement targeted interventions addressing logistical challenges and enhance organizational support to have collaborative approaches to optimize efficiency of PNP Maritime Group Troopers in securing Bohol's internal waters.

Pendidikan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Kurikulum ‘Presisi’: Studi Sekolah Polisi Negara di Sumatera Utara

This article focuses on the Indonesian Police (Polri) efforts in the realization of human rights-based policing, as well as its articulation in the forming education (pendidikan pembentukan/ DIKTUKBA) of Polri, specifically at the State Police School (Sekolah Polisi Negara/SPN) in North Sumatra, established in 1960-s and one of the oldest SPN in Indonesia. Since 2021, Polri has acknowledged and developed the ‘presisi’ curriculum to become a starting point for transformation agenda and, of course, to strive Polri’s obligation in the implementation of human rights values, principles and standards in the police functions. The research applied a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data collection was employed using documents, FGD, observations and literature relevant to police and human rights issues. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data validation was carried out by extending observations and triangulation and analyzed using the spiral technique. Human rights-based policing through the DIKTUKBA POLRI level at the SPN Poldasu brings the vision of ‘presisi’ police through the ‘presisi’ curriculum. The ‘presisi’ curriculum offers good ways to achieve the transformation of the Polri. However, the increasingly short training period for the DIKTUKBA POLRI represents a challenge to improve human rights-based policing. The challenges affirm the correlation between human rights and policing in a dynamic police workspace. In this context, the instructors’s capacity must continuously acquire knowledge and experience. Therefore, collaboration and innovation in using learning models and methods such as group learning, problem-solving, discussion, and active involvement of students can be continuously developed.

Caribbean street vending experiences: Guyanese migrant women in Trinidad and Tobago

ABSTRACT This article offers a critical overview of how South-South migration operates in the Caribbean. It represents an intersectional feminist analysis of the experiences of Guyanese migrant women who work as street vendors in Trinidad and Tobago. Via the use of narrative inquiry, the study examines the daily challenges migrant women face as they interact with state officials, police officers, customers, and other vendors. We also provide a summary of the individual and collective tactics migrant women employ to navigate a context in which they are often stigmatised, marked as Other, and experience multiple barriers to be able to make a living. In doing so, the piece details how sexism, xenophobia and racism are mutually constituted and function in a Caribbean context, as well as how interlocking systems of oppression create barriers for migrant women to secure sustainable livelihood. We also illustrate the political agency of Guyanese migrant women by highlighting the ways they co-create safe spaces and build community despite obstacles. This article contributes to critical migration studies from the Global South/Majority World, fosters greater regional consciousness across the Caribbean, and underscores the importance of centring migrant women’s experiences in research and scholarship.

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF SUPERVISION AND MANAGEMENT TRAINING ON POLICE OFFICER PERFORMANCE AT NKURENKURU POLICE STATION

This research explores the impact of supervision and management training on the performance of police officers at Nkurenkuru Police Station, focusing on improving law enforcement effectiveness. Conducted in the Kavango West Region of Namibia, the study aims to understand how training programs influence personnel performance. Qualitative research methods were employed, using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis for data interpretation. The findings highlight a complex relationship between supervision and management training and police officer performance. While acknowledging some positive impacts of the training, the study identifies various obstacles that hinder its full effectiveness. These challenges include resource limitations, lack of follow-up support, administrative burdens, resistance to change, inadequate integration of training, and heavy workloads. The study suggests the importance of a comprehensive approach to supervision and management training tailored to the needs of law enforcement agencies. Recommendations include customising training programs, increasing participant engagement, and establishing consistent follow-up mechanisms. These insights are not only relevant to Nkurenkuru Police Station but also offer valuable lessons for law enforcement agencies worldwide seeking to optimise their performance through effective training strategies.

Penyelesaian Perkara Tindak Pidana Anak Dibawah Umur Dengan Asas Restorative Justice di Lingkungan Polres Belitung Timur

Crimes of theft in the family committed by children require special handling by the police, not all cases involving children are resolved through the courts. This is in the best interests of the child and also considers justice for the victim, which is called a restorative justice approach. This research aims to analyze the form of resolution of criminal acts committed by minors in the East Belitung Police area. The results of the research are that the resolution of children's cases that applies restorative justice is guided by Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System and the 2012 Political Regulations concerning Restorative Justice, namely the resolution of children's cases outside the criminal court which emphasizes restoring the situation. initially with an emphasis on conditions for creating justice and balance for children and their victims. The conclusion is that the form of resolving criminal acts of theft committed by the East Belitung Police is by implementing restorative justice. Restorative justice carried out by the East Belitung Police aims to accommodate the norms and values ​​that apply in society while providing legal certainty, especially the benefits and a sense of justice that meets the needs of the community. a sense of justice for all parties, which is a manifestation of the National Police's authority in carrying out duties in the field of criminal proceedings and police discretion based on Articles 16 and 18 of Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia.

‘Let’s not be afraid to sort them out’: analysing Australia’s carceral representations of RAMSI

ABSTRACT The Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI) was an Australian-led and largely Australian-funded state-building project, which included the strengthening of the police force and state bureaucracy and which took place over a 14-year window from 24 July 2003 to 30 June 2017. A few months beforehand, former Foreign Minister Alexander Downer argued that the deployment of Australian troops to the Solomon Islands would be unjustifiable to Australian taxpayers and likely resented in the region. In this article, I argue that RAMSI became thinkable and legitimate through representations of Solomon Islands in Australian political discourse and media during the mission’s early years (2003–2007) which depended on carceral and colonial logics of containment, control and intervention. The credibility of RAMSI depended on the existence of a perpetrator of violence to be contained and innocents to be saved. These representations reproduce colonial constructs of the dangerous, racialised Other and depend on the carceral assumption that criminality is an individual aberration or failure, rather than one which is socially, culturally and historically produced. These discourses have carceral effects as they contribute to the naturalisation of policing and (neo)colonial control as solutions to social and economic problems.

Use of a police station as a place of safety for a person in a mental health crisis.

Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, considers the dilemma faced by the police and health trusts where a hospital bed is not available for a person in a mental health crisis.

Group Violence in Crime: Analyzing Crime Severity, Group Size, and Juvenile Involvement Through Police Statistics and Newspaper Articles in Japan

This study investigated the social psychological characteristics of group violence in crime using Japanese data. Two main hypotheses were examined: (1) crimes committed by groups, particularly larger groups, are more violent than those committed by individuals and (2) juvenile violent crimes are more likely to involve groups than adult violent crimes. Study 1 analyzed police agency crime statistical data and found that group crimes were more violent than individual crimes, with the level of violence increasing with group size. Additionally, juvenile crimes involved larger group sizes on average than adult crimes. Study 2 involved a quantitative text analysis of Japanese newspaper articles and revealed that articles containing group-related words frequently included terms associated with death and brutality, indicating a higher likelihood of fatal outcomes from group violence. Furthermore, co-occurrence analysis indicated a correlation between juvenile delinquency and group crimes. These findings support both hypotheses, providing evidence from non-Western data for research on group violence that predominantly relies on Western data.

The impact of weather on the racial composition of traffic stop and citation issuance in the United States

ABSTRACT We analyze how adverse weather influences the racial composition of traffic stops and the issuance of citations within the context of administrative discretion. The behavior of police officers and drivers may be affected by weather, leading to a change in the composition of stopped drivers. If changes in racial composition are due to police officers choosing to forego traffic stops because those are more costly in wet conditions, it could indicate racial bias. Based on data from 37 city and 11 state police departments, our analysis reveals that the racial composition of drivers stopped and the probability of a citation being issued are not independent of adverse weather conditions, especially for state agencies. These findings contribute to the existing literature on factors influencing police–citizen interactions and provide a foundation for investigating the potential connections among weather, administrative discretion, and racial bias.

‘All my friends here are ghosts’: everyday geo-legalities in a rural poultry town

ABSTRACT In recent years, feminist legal geographers have pressed for deeper engagement with the lived experience of law’s spatial logics including methodologies that extend beyond the study of legal discourse, practice, and enforcement to include ethnographic and other qualitative approaches that centre the experiences of those living with legal precarity. Building upon the work of feminist political geographers concerned with intimacy geopolitics, the concept of everyday geo-legalities emphasizes the ways that people interpret the spatiality of law, legal practice, and state policing and how it affects their lives, livelihoods and im/mobilities. This research reveals how undocumented im/migrants in a small, rural poultry town interpret and socially negotiate their racialized legal status in terms of im/mobility, heighted workplace pressure, increased job-related health risks, persistent fears of immigration raids, family separation and deportation, and prejudice and policing due to discourses of racialized criminalization. Social and familial relations, however, are central to the everyday negotiation of these dynamics, as community connections and care emerge from experiences of marginalization. This paper thus emphasizes how social relations are central to analysing the complexities and contradictions of everyday legal geographies.

Land suitability analysis for blue-green infrastructure implementation in an urban stormwater management system in Surabaya, Indonesia

ABSTRACT In low-lying areas, pluvial, fluvial, and coastal flooding can combine to form complex flood events. In this context, integrated blue-green infrastructure (BGI) has emerged as a viable approach to environmentally friendly stormwater management. This study concentrated on two primary objectives: i) the development of a geospatial technology-based land suitability map for BGI implementation and ii) the identification of optimal BGI nodes and corridors. Surabaya City in the Delta Brantas region of Indonesia was selected as the location for a pilot study. The land suitability analysis considered five criteria (slope, potential drainage density, land use/land cover, soil types, and proximity to roads), and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was employed to assign weights to these criteria before calculating a BGI index using the raster calculator tool in GIS. A BGI index map was then employed to identify potential BGI nodes on public land and priority corridors. The eastern and western regions of Surabaya, which are characterized by agriculture, fishponds, salt ponds, and mangrove forests, were identified as prime candidates for BGI implementation. Areas of public land under the jurisdiction of the city government, such as government offices, police stations, and educational zones, also offered the opportunity for BGI initiatives.

Stakeholders’ engagement with law to address gender-based violence in Southwest Nigeria: a qualitative study using normalisation process theory to explore implementation challenges

BackgroundSexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is a significant issue in Nigeria. In 2015, the Federal Government of Nigeria enacted the Violence Against Persons Prohibition Act (VAPP) to address all forms...

Impact of responsibility shifts on warehouse performance of Indonesian police logistics staff

The primary issue addressed in this research is the need for motivation from managers to implement responsibility shifts within the Republic of Indonesia State Police. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between shifts in responsibility and the performance of the Indonesian Police Logistics Staff in the Inbounding and Storage processes. The study used a qualitative approach, employing the Six Sigma method along with regression analysis and hypothesis testing. A sample of 132 Police Logistics Staff was surveyed. The findings showed a positive relationship between shifts in responsibility and improvements in warehouse performance, particularly in terms of inbound and storage efficiency. The results offer recommendations for enhancing efficiency through responsibility shifts. These findings could encourage officers to consider adopting responsibility shifts within the National Police Logistics Staff warehouse. Further research with a larger population and a more in-depth exploration of the impact of this transition is recommended.