Police Station Research Articles

Evaluative Performance Program E-Tilang di Simpang Raya Kota Surabaya

ETLE (Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement) is a set of electronic devices that use Automatic License Plate Recognition (ANPR) technology in the form of cameras that automatically detect motorized vehicles and cars with traffic violations E-TLE system, which is part of law enforcement efforts, this system aims to reduce problems caused by traffic violations, such as congestion and accidents, and ensure order on the highway. The e-Tilang system was pioneered by the East Java Regional Police, especially the Surabaya Police, which has this innovation as a crucial role in improving safety and regularity of electronically based traffic, the implementation of ETLE tickets in Surabaya City has increased in 2022 and 2023 compared to 2021. Which in 2021 the ETLE program was intensified due to the Covid-19 pandemic in order to increase the efficiency of technology-based services. The ETLE camera system uses CCTV cameras that are monitored directly by Police Officers with a total of 22 monitoring camera points in several parts of Surabaya City. where each officer oversees 4 areas with 8 CCTVs on the monitoring screen. Although it has had a positive impact on the implementation of ticketing, there are many things that should be evaluated from the process of running E-TLE at Surabaya Police Station. Mainly in the process of implementing and providing maximum fines, as well as the limited number of employees and time in ETLE supervision. So that the Process on Performance and the Facilities used should be evaluated in the running of the ETLE system in Surabaya City. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The focus of this research is to find out the results of the Evaluation of the E-Ticket Policy Program (E-TLE) at the Surabaya City Road Intersection The theory used in the research is Gupta & Jana's Evaluative performance theory. There are 4 indicators from this theory, namely total costs and fines, quality of planning and control, quality of decision making and system characteristics. The data collection technique in this study is by conducting interviews, observation and documentation. In this research, from these 4 indicators, some are quite appropriate, but there are still many shortcomings that should be evaluated from the system and the quality of performance of the Surabaya police litas unit. The performance evaluation of the E-Tilang program in Surabaya shows success in managing total costs and fines, the quality of planning and control, and the quality of decision making. This program includes the use of 40 CCTV camera units and fiber optic networks that support the effectiveness of law enforcement, as well as the management of fair fines. Careful planning and better coordination after the evaluation ensured efficiency in recording violations using gadgets and the E-Tilang application.

Interrogating the Prospects and Challenges of State Policing System in Nigeria

The upsurge of insecurity in Nigeria questions the competence of the Nigerian Police Force under the auspice of the federal government to combat insecurity. Some concerns decentralizing the policing powers to states would offer potential benefits in curbing insecurity. This study was designed to interrogate the prospects and possible challenges of the state policing system in Nigeria and contribute to the discourse on security in a heterogeneous country like Nigeria. The study adopted a hybrid research methodology through a fusion of both doctrinal and non-doctrinal methods. Descriptive and analytical approaches were adopted to interpret empirical data collected through the distribution of 1,051 questionnaires to randomly selected respondents to ascertain the prospects and possible challenges of state policing in Nigeria. The study found that the current structure of the Nigerian Police Force can no longer guarantee the safety of the Nigerians. Furthermore, the synthesisation of empirical findings revealed that state policing has the prospect of competently combating insecurity in Nigeria but corruption, and lack of funding amongst others are possible challenges. The study therefore concluded by recommending the amendment of the current legal framework of policing in Nigeria to make way for decentralization.

Forecasting the number of road accidents in Poland using trend models depending on the days of the week

Every year a very large number of people die on the roads. From year to year, the value decreases, there are still a very high number of them. The pandemic has reduced the number of road accidents, but the value is still very high. For this reason, it is necessary to know on which days the highest number of traffic accidents occur, and to know the forecast of accidents by day of the week for the coming years, so that we can do everything possible to minimize the number of traffic accidents. The purpose of the article is to make a forecast of the number of road accidents in Poland according to the day of the week. The research was divided into two parts. The first was the analysis of annual data from the Police statistics on the number of road accidents in Poland in 2000-2021, and on this basis the forecast of the number of road accidents for 2022-2031 was determined. The second part of the research, dealt with monthly data from 2000-2021. Again, the analyzed forecast for the period January 2022 - December 2023 was determined. The results of the study indicate that we can still expect a decline in the number of accidents in the coming years, which is particularly evident when analyzing annual data. It is worth noting that the prevailing pandemic distorts the results obtained. The research was conducted in MS Excel, using selected trend models.

Status of Women Police in India: An Analytical Study of Uttar Pradesh State Police

Despite a number of efforts by the Government to increase the representation of women in police, it has continued to be relatively sluggish. The Government's data shows that there were a total of 2,17,026 women in police forces, which made up 10.5 percent of the entire police force in the country. Very few women police are recruited for leadership positions. The reasons behind the lesser representation of women police in the police department include the working conditions, societal status of women, recruitment rules, retention and promotion discrimination, inadequate infrastructure, and the police image in society etc. Article 355 of the 7th Schedule of the Constitution of India mandates the Union to safeguard each State from both internal and external disturbances. The responsibility for public order crimes and law enforcement falls under the State's jurisdiction, as designated by Article 246 of the Constitution. Therefore, each State has to establish a police force capable of enforcing laws, maintaining public order, and ensuring the safety of its citizens. The United Nations report underscores the importance of women in the police force, noting that the current ratio of 137 police per lakh population falls short of the required 181 police per lakh population. The United Nations recommends a ratio of 222 police per lakh population, a goal that we are currently far from achieving. The present paper provides police data along with the strength of the women police in India. This also highlights the various committees' recommendations for women's policing and the development of the police force through equality and quality of women working in the police system. Some crucial suggestions and recommendations have been provided to increase the recruitment of women in police organisations.

Managing impressions: performance and identity in police leadership in the pandemic

ABSTRACT Critical leadership scholars have long recognised leadership as performative and reveal the symbolic, presentational and ritual aspects of leadership practice as meaning-making. This perspective, however, is neglected in mainstream understanding of police leadership. Drawing on Goffman’s dramaturgical framework and a qualitative study of policing leaders in the UK, this paper explores performativity and police leadership in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Removed from occupational symbols of the police station and performing leadership work exclusively in the home environment, the findings show that police leaders used the uniform as part of a strategy of impression management to construct front and back stage regions in the domestic sphere. In frontstage settings, the uniform was used to represent occupational authority and reinforce a sense of shared, professional identity and purpose, despite the physical separation between leaders and their staff. Alongside this, police leaders constructed and maintained backstage spaces for preparatory and reparative work, even within the home-working setting. The findings challenge traditional conceptualisations of the backstage as physical, boundaried space of the police station and instead reveal backstage space as fluid, dynamic and imagined. As police constabularies consider the impact of remote-working practices on the police workplace, the preservation of backstage spaces for police leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic reveals the value and necessity this backstage work in police leadership.

Infrastructure distribution in cities and the improvement of the well-being of citizens in Japan: evidence from the quantile regression

ABSTRACT Urban construction under the aging society needs to provide efficient services for residents. We investigated the heterogenous relationship between various types of municipality-level critical infrastructure and park construction and the subjective well-being of citizens based on quantile regression using original survey data and the Japanese government statistics bureau of 2015-2017. Positive relationships were found in the low-and middle-level life satisfaction regions owing to the construction of museums or libraries, government branches, government services, health centers, police stations, fire stations, schools, hospitals, post offices, disabled and senior centers, and parks. Moreover, citizens were more likely to feel safe if the living community had comprehensive government-related institutions, including government offices, police stations, fire stations, schools, and post offices, among others. Our results indicated that the number of favorable infrastructures should be increased in areas with low levels of life satisfaction and less-safe communities to improve the citizens’ overall well-being.

Gender and Rural Policing: Lack of Opportunities for Male Police Constables in Rural Police Departments in Trinidad and Tobago

Within the past two decades, there has been increased research interest in rural policing on a global level. While most of those studies were oriented in the United States, Britain, Canada, and Australia, there is a slowly growing corpus of literature on rural policing in the Global South, including the Caribbean. Most of the studies on rural policing have examined rural policing in the context of domestic violence, mental health, administration of justice, conditions of employment, and female issues. Unfortunately, most of these scholarly efforts have not examined male police officers as a distinct group. As conjecture and media reports suggest that male police officers in rural locales in Trinidad and Tobago are treated indifferently, the current research effort presents data gathered from thirteen male police constables attached to rural police stations on the island. This research aims to understand whether this group of police officers suffer from lack of opportunities due to the rural location of their police stations. Three themes: (1) lack of access, (2) fathering/parenting challenges, and (3) favouritism, emanated from the data. Several forms of opportunities that are for male police officers attached to rural police stations in Trinidad and Tobago also emanated from the data and these are presented and discussed.

Working Conditions, Training and Development, Legal Framework, and Management of Gender-Based Violence Cases in Dagoreti Kenya

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a widespread worldwide problem that has negative effects on one's physical, mental, and financial well-being. Effective management of GBV cases by police officers is critical in ensuring justice, protection, and support for survivors. This study explores the factors that influence police officers' management of GBV cases in the context of Dagoretti North Sub-County, Nairobi County, Kenya. Police officers’ duties entails preventing GBV from happening and from happening again, recording cases of GBV, gathering and storing evidence, looking into cases of GBV, catching offenders, and safeguarding survivors and witnesses, referring survivors, and collaborating with the DPP’s Office to ensure the expeditious prosecution of perpetrators. The primary goal of the study was to find out what influences how Dagoretti North Sub-County police officers handle situations involving gender-based violence. The study's particular goals are to examine how working conditions, legal framework, training, and development on management of GBV cases in Dagoretti North Sub-County police stations in Nairobi. Institutional and contingency theories served as the study’s theoretical pillars. The study used a descriptive research design, with the police officers serving as the units of analysis. Sample size of 77 respondents, were used and selected through the stratified random sample. a questionnaire served as the study’s main method for gathering data that was analyzed with SPSS- 26. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and presented in tables. The findings showed that working conditions, legal framework and training and development account for the variation in management of GBV cases. According to the results, legal framework was the predictor objective that most significantly influenced the management of GBV cases, followed by working conditions, and then training and development, which had the least influence on the management of GBV cases.

Testing the invariance of warrior and guardian orientations on the prioritization of procedural justice: Do officer demographics matter?

PurposeThe current study sought to better understand the factors that contribute to whether officers value procedurally just interaction techniques and contribute to the limited research examining how the effects of warrior and guardian mentalities may vary based on individual officer characteristics.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data collected from patrol officers in two geographically different and ethnically diverse United States police departments allowed for an examination of the generality of warrior and guardian orientations on perceptions of procedural justice across gender, race and/or ethnicity, military service, education, and experience.FindingsThere was a largely invariant effect of the mentalities on officer attitudes toward procedural justice, except for officers of color. In this sample, the guardian effect on prioritizing procedural justice was stronger for officers of color than for White officers.Originality/valueThis study sheds light on our theoretical understanding of the warrior/guardian framework and offers practical implications for police leaders and policymakers in their effort to improve police-community relations.

Public Awareness: Understanding Register Of First Information Report Through Critical Discourse Analysis

The purpose of this study is to explore the linguistic aspects of police FIR using Michael Halliday’s system of transitivity and three-dimensional model of CDA, encompassing the macro-sociological analysis of social practice. FIR is a genre of discourse, referring to a report prepared by the police, which reaches the police station first after the commission of a cognizable offence. FIR needs thorough and careful reading, and very difficult to understand by the people of a particular community. In this regard, the Transitivity system is a medley of six different processes realizing ideational meaning which is further strengthened by CDA, which also helps the people of a community to comprehend complex discourses. In accordance with this study, the researchers used the qualitative approach as a paradigm. They used close reading technique as a strategy and relying on purposive sampling in the selection of data. Further textual analysis is used as a method of analysis. The researcher took five FIRs which were analyzed with respect to the transitivity system. This study reveals that the FIRs conform to five processes out six processes of the transitivity system and the three-dimensional model of CDA. Moreover, this study can be extended to other police reports and common people may easily expand their awareness to understand the language and context of FIRs.

Policing the Territorial Waters of The Philippines: Work World of Philippine National Police - Maritime Group (PNP – MG) Troopers

As geopolitical dynamics change and the threat of transnational crimes persists, the need to protect territorial waters and address the growing issues associated with global marine security have taken on more significance. Countries all around the world are struggling with the necessity of protecting their internal waters from a variety of criminal activities, such as illegal fishing, piracy, and drug trafficking. This study explored the work world of PNP Maritime Group Troopers through a qualitative research method. The informants of this study were 10 Maritime Troopers assigned at Bohol Maritime Police Station. Four (4) informants were subjected to an in-depth interview and six (6) informants for the focus group discussion. The findings of this study are illustrated in emergent themes. Four (4) emergent themes described the positive and negative experiences of the informants in the performance of their duties in securing the internal waters of Bohol. For the positive experiences, two (2) emergent themes were developed, namely Familial and Pecuniary Incentives and Perpetual Duty Gratification. For the negative experiences, two (2) emergent themes were also developed, to wit: Unforeseen Logistical Impediments and Organizational Strain Intricacies. Meanwhile, two (2) emergent themes were formulated to explain the informants’ coping with the challenges encountered in the performance of their duties, namely: Optimizing Operation Efficiency and Strategic Dispute Management. Finally, two (2) emergent themes were created to express the aspirations of the informants to improve the quality of their work in securing the internal waters of Bohol, to wit: Biologically Benevolent Stewardship and Harmonious Excellent Synergy. Based on the emergent themes identified, it is recommended to implement targeted interventions addressing logistical challenges and enhance organizational support to have collaborative approaches to optimize efficiency of PNP Maritime Group Troopers in securing Bohol's internal waters.

The Threat Is Now: Choreography, Temporality, and the Active Shooter Drill

Abstract: This article explores how the police state choreographs active shooter drills as "performances of protection," or embodied actions framed around an anticipatory threat. During these scenarios, choreographic imperatives—or movement directives in response to specific cues—become tools for directing bodies through public space to preempt crisis. While these measures protect students, teachers, and administrators, they also reinforce the school-to-prison pipeline, targeting communities deemed dangerous by the police state. The article examines how such measures embody control, surveillance, and time as methods of discipline. It also analyzes what performances of protection reveal about the school-prison pipeline in the United States.

Pendidikan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Kurikulum ‘Presisi’: Studi Sekolah Polisi Negara di Sumatera Utara

This article focuses on the Indonesian Police (Polri) efforts in the realization of human rights-based policing, as well as its articulation in the forming education (pendidikan pembentukan/ DIKTUKBA) of Polri, specifically at the State Police School (Sekolah Polisi Negara/SPN) in North Sumatra, established in 1960-s and one of the oldest SPN in Indonesia. Since 2021, Polri has acknowledged and developed the ‘presisi’ curriculum to become a starting point for transformation agenda and, of course, to strive Polri’s obligation in the implementation of human rights values, principles and standards in the police functions. The research applied a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data collection was employed using documents, FGD, observations and literature relevant to police and human rights issues. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data validation was carried out by extending observations and triangulation and analyzed using the spiral technique. Human rights-based policing through the DIKTUKBA POLRI level at the SPN Poldasu brings the vision of ‘presisi’ police through the ‘presisi’ curriculum. The ‘presisi’ curriculum offers good ways to achieve the transformation of the Polri. However, the increasingly short training period for the DIKTUKBA POLRI represents a challenge to improve human rights-based policing. The challenges affirm the correlation between human rights and policing in a dynamic police workspace. In this context, the instructors’s capacity must continuously acquire knowledge and experience. Therefore, collaboration and innovation in using learning models and methods such as group learning, problem-solving, discussion, and active involvement of students can be continuously developed.

Caribbean street vending experiences: Guyanese migrant women in Trinidad and Tobago

ABSTRACT This article offers a critical overview of how South-South migration operates in the Caribbean. It represents an intersectional feminist analysis of the experiences of Guyanese migrant women who work as street vendors in Trinidad and Tobago. Via the use of narrative inquiry, the study examines the daily challenges migrant women face as they interact with state officials, police officers, customers, and other vendors. We also provide a summary of the individual and collective tactics migrant women employ to navigate a context in which they are often stigmatised, marked as Other, and experience multiple barriers to be able to make a living. In doing so, the piece details how sexism, xenophobia and racism are mutually constituted and function in a Caribbean context, as well as how interlocking systems of oppression create barriers for migrant women to secure sustainable livelihood. We also illustrate the political agency of Guyanese migrant women by highlighting the ways they co-create safe spaces and build community despite obstacles. This article contributes to critical migration studies from the Global South/Majority World, fosters greater regional consciousness across the Caribbean, and underscores the importance of centring migrant women’s experiences in research and scholarship.

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF SUPERVISION AND MANAGEMENT TRAINING ON POLICE OFFICER PERFORMANCE AT NKURENKURU POLICE STATION

This research explores the impact of supervision and management training on the performance of police officers at Nkurenkuru Police Station, focusing on improving law enforcement effectiveness. Conducted in the Kavango West Region of Namibia, the study aims to understand how training programs influence personnel performance. Qualitative research methods were employed, using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis for data interpretation. The findings highlight a complex relationship between supervision and management training and police officer performance. While acknowledging some positive impacts of the training, the study identifies various obstacles that hinder its full effectiveness. These challenges include resource limitations, lack of follow-up support, administrative burdens, resistance to change, inadequate integration of training, and heavy workloads. The study suggests the importance of a comprehensive approach to supervision and management training tailored to the needs of law enforcement agencies. Recommendations include customising training programs, increasing participant engagement, and establishing consistent follow-up mechanisms. These insights are not only relevant to Nkurenkuru Police Station but also offer valuable lessons for law enforcement agencies worldwide seeking to optimise their performance through effective training strategies.

Penyelesaian Perkara Tindak Pidana Anak Dibawah Umur Dengan Asas Restorative Justice di Lingkungan Polres Belitung Timur

Crimes of theft in the family committed by children require special handling by the police, not all cases involving children are resolved through the courts. This is in the best interests of the child and also considers justice for the victim, which is called a restorative justice approach. This research aims to analyze the form of resolution of criminal acts committed by minors in the East Belitung Police area. The results of the research are that the resolution of children's cases that applies restorative justice is guided by Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System and the 2012 Political Regulations concerning Restorative Justice, namely the resolution of children's cases outside the criminal court which emphasizes restoring the situation. initially with an emphasis on conditions for creating justice and balance for children and their victims. The conclusion is that the form of resolving criminal acts of theft committed by the East Belitung Police is by implementing restorative justice. Restorative justice carried out by the East Belitung Police aims to accommodate the norms and values ​​that apply in society while providing legal certainty, especially the benefits and a sense of justice that meets the needs of the community. a sense of justice for all parties, which is a manifestation of the National Police's authority in carrying out duties in the field of criminal proceedings and police discretion based on Articles 16 and 18 of Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia.

‘Let’s not be afraid to sort them out’: analysing Australia’s carceral representations of RAMSI

ABSTRACT The Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI) was an Australian-led and largely Australian-funded state-building project, which included the strengthening of the police force and state bureaucracy and which took place over a 14-year window from 24 July 2003 to 30 June 2017. A few months beforehand, former Foreign Minister Alexander Downer argued that the deployment of Australian troops to the Solomon Islands would be unjustifiable to Australian taxpayers and likely resented in the region. In this article, I argue that RAMSI became thinkable and legitimate through representations of Solomon Islands in Australian political discourse and media during the mission’s early years (2003–2007) which depended on carceral and colonial logics of containment, control and intervention. The credibility of RAMSI depended on the existence of a perpetrator of violence to be contained and innocents to be saved. These representations reproduce colonial constructs of the dangerous, racialised Other and depend on the carceral assumption that criminality is an individual aberration or failure, rather than one which is socially, culturally and historically produced. These discourses have carceral effects as they contribute to the naturalisation of policing and (neo)colonial control as solutions to social and economic problems.

Use of a police station as a place of safety for a person in a mental health crisis.

Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, considers the dilemma faced by the police and health trusts where a hospital bed is not available for a person in a mental health crisis.

Group Violence in Crime: Analyzing Crime Severity, Group Size, and Juvenile Involvement Through Police Statistics and Newspaper Articles in Japan

This study investigated the social psychological characteristics of group violence in crime using Japanese data. Two main hypotheses were examined: (1) crimes committed by groups, particularly larger groups, are more violent than those committed by individuals and (2) juvenile violent crimes are more likely to involve groups than adult violent crimes. Study 1 analyzed police agency crime statistical data and found that group crimes were more violent than individual crimes, with the level of violence increasing with group size. Additionally, juvenile crimes involved larger group sizes on average than adult crimes. Study 2 involved a quantitative text analysis of Japanese newspaper articles and revealed that articles containing group-related words frequently included terms associated with death and brutality, indicating a higher likelihood of fatal outcomes from group violence. Furthermore, co-occurrence analysis indicated a correlation between juvenile delinquency and group crimes. These findings support both hypotheses, providing evidence from non-Western data for research on group violence that predominantly relies on Western data.

The impact of weather on the racial composition of traffic stop and citation issuance in the United States

ABSTRACT We analyze how adverse weather influences the racial composition of traffic stops and the issuance of citations within the context of administrative discretion. The behavior of police officers and drivers may be affected by weather, leading to a change in the composition of stopped drivers. If changes in racial composition are due to police officers choosing to forego traffic stops because those are more costly in wet conditions, it could indicate racial bias. Based on data from 37 city and 11 state police departments, our analysis reveals that the racial composition of drivers stopped and the probability of a citation being issued are not independent of adverse weather conditions, especially for state agencies. These findings contribute to the existing literature on factors influencing police–citizen interactions and provide a foundation for investigating the potential connections among weather, administrative discretion, and racial bias.