Police Reports Research Articles

Application of Elements of Criminal Acts of Plantation Land Clearing in National Park Areas by Investigators of the South Coast Police Crime Squad

The South Coast Police Crime Squad conducted an investigation into the crime of carrying out plantation activities without ministerial permission in forest areas. The difficulty of the South Coast Police Detective Investigator is to implement 'Elements in forest areas'. This happened because of the unclear boundaries of the National Park forest area. In the investigation process, the Investigator applied the provisions of Article 17 paragraph (2) letter b Juncto Article 92 paragraph (1) letter a of Law Number 18 of 2013 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction as Police Report Number: LP/25/A/II/2019/ Res-Pessel dated February 12, 2019. The application of the elements of the criminal act of clearing plantation land in the National Park area consists of subjective elements and objective elements. The subjective element is a person, then what is meant by everyone in this article is the perpetrator as a person who can account for his actions and the objective element is that his actions are unlawful, namely: "Elements intentionally, elements carrying out plantation activities, elements without the permission of the Minister and elements dnature forest area". According to investigators, the suspect's actions have fulfilled the formulation and elements of Article 17 paragraph (2) letter b Juncto Article 92 paragraph (1) letter a of Law Number 18 of 2013.

Do Concerns About Police Reporting Vary by Assault Characteristics? Understanding the Nonreporting Decisions of Sexual Assault Victims Who Utilize Alternative Reporting Options.

Forensic nurses routinely provide services to sexual assault victims who are uncertain about reporting their assault to police. The purpose of this study was to determine whether assault characteristics are related to the concerns about police reporting expressed by sexual assault victims who have forensic evidence collected but do not report their assault to police at that time. We analyzed medical records of patients who received services at a hospital-based forensic nursing program between 2010 and 2021. Records were included if a sexual assault evidence kit was collected, the patient declined to report the assault to police, and the patient completed a nonreport sexual assault evidence kit supplement form that included a question asking why they chose not to report the assault ( N = 296). We qualitatively analyzed patients' reasons for not reporting the assault and then used two-variable case-ordered matrices and chi-square analyses to explore relationships between reasons for not reporting and assault characteristics. Identified reasons for not reporting included lacking information about the assault, fear of harm/retaliation, and self-blame/minimization. Physical force, drug/alcohol consumption, and victim-offender relationship were related to patients referencing lacking information and fearing harm/retaliation as reasons for not reporting, but not related to the frequency of patients referencing self-blame/minimization. Results indicate that assault characteristics are related to reasons for not reporting at the time of the medical forensic examination. Being aware of these relationships may help forensic nurses provide patient-centered services and anticipatory guidance.

Characteristics of domestic violence perpetrators with dementia from police records using text mining.

Few studies have examined the characteristics of domestic violence (DV) committed by people with dementia. We provide an overview of DV perpetrated by people with dementia in the community based on police reports of attendances at DV events. A text mining method was used on 416,441 New South Wales (NSW) police narratives of DV events from January 2005 to December 2016 to extract information for Persons of Interest (POIs) with mentions of dementia. Events involving those with dementia accounted for a relatively low proportion of total DV events (<1%). Of the 260 DV events with a dementia mention for the POI, the most common abuse types were assault (49.7%) and verbal abuse (31.6%). Spouses were the largest group of victims (50.8%) followed by children (8.8%). Physical abuse was common, occurring in 82.4% of events, but injuries were relatively mild. Although weapons were infrequently used, they were involved in 5% of events, mostly by POIs aged 75 years and older. Similarly, the POIs were mainly aged 75+ years (60%), however the proportion of those aged <65 was relatively high (20.8%) compared to the reported prevalence of dementia in that age group. This study demonstrates that some cases of DV perpetrated by people with reported dementia are significant enough to warrant police involvement. This highlights the need to proactively discuss the potential for violence as part of the holistic management and support family members, particularly those caring for people with young-onset dementias.

O PROTAGONISMO DE MULHERES IDOSAS NA DENÚNCIA DA VIOLÊNCIA: UMA TEORIA FUNDAMENTADA

ABSTRACT Objective: to interpret the experience of empowering elderly women to report domestic violence and develop a theoretical model that explains it. Method: a qualitative study, carried out using Grounded Theory. Between February 2018 and January 2020, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 elderly women who filed police reports. Also, nine professionals working at the Women’s Defense Station of the Civil Police of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, located in a medium-sized city in the countryside of São Paulo, were interviewed. Results: the phenomenon identified as “Taking the lead in coping with violence”, based on the categories, revealed that elderly women experience multiple conditions of vulnerability resulting from the situation of dependency, conflicts in relationships and unfavorable living conditions. Even so, the impacts of this violence generate the need to take action against it and to be empowered to report it. After reporting it, they experience the complexity of it and find ways to deal with the situation. Conclusion: violence reporting by elderly women derives from the individual empowerment process, driven by the decision to stop the abuse, even with possible consequences, thus awakening critical awareness based on self-perception of the context of life.

Application of text mining techniques to identify actual wrong-way driving (WWD) crashes in police reports

Application of text mining techniques to identify actual wrong-way driving (WWD) crashes in police reports

Kewenangan Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan dalam Melakukan Diversi Pra Ajudikasi (Studi pada Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas II Ambon)

The criminalization of children who commit criminal offenses requires a community research report from the Correctional Center, which in this case is made by the Community Supervisor as regulated in the provisions of article 1 number 13 of Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning SPPA. One of the cases handled by the Community Supervisor is a case of persecution, based on police report Number B/113VII/1019/Reskrim. The client underwent an examination process at the Ambon Island and Lease Islands police station for allegedly committing the crime of persecution as referred to in Article 170 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code (KUHP). The purpose of this research is to ask for consideration or advice from the Community Supervisor after the criminal offense is reported and the Community Supervisor is also not involved in the diversion process at the investigation stage. This Research uses normative legal research methods and will be studied based on positive legal provisions, as well as legal principles. and using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. This research uses normative legal research methods and will be studied based on positive legal provisions, as well as legal principles. and using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials.The result and discussion shows that the authority to determine Diversion is given to law enforcement officials handling children's cases,Community Research from the Investigator as stipulated in Article 28 of Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning SPPA. After the Community Supervisor conducts the research, the results of the community research will be given to the Investigator. If the Investigators do not ask for consideration or advice from the Community Supervisor in the attempted diversion process, it can be said that the diversion process at the investigation stage is null and void.

A Summary of Fatal Injury Surveillance Methods in Australian Agriculture and Their Impact on Safety Policies and Practices

ABSTRACT Agriculture is one of the most important and also hazardous industries in Australia. Having a sound knowledge and understanding of the circumstance of injury events is critical to developing evidence-based intervention programs. This paper aims to provide a brief historical snapshot of the development of data systems underpinning the assessment of fatal farm injury in Australia and how it has impacted on safety policy and practice. The first Australian studies used coronial information to explore agricultural fatalities, these studies reviewed paper-based records (in-situ) and collected the information for analysis and reporting. This task was laborious and costly. When the National Coronial Information System (NCIS) was established in 2000, this allowed access to coronial records online. Information provided about the deceased includes demographics, contextual details on the nature of the fatality and autopsy, toxicology, and police reports, as-well-as the coroner’s finding. Information from the NCIS, along with media reports, have been used to develop the farm fatality database. This information has been used to inform the safety goals and targets for farm commodity groups, identify key risks, provide long-term benchmark indicators and underpin the development of prevention materials and training resources. Without accurate, timely, concise and relevant data about injury occurring on farms, there is no evidence to drive policy and practice or to evaluate programs of work. As such, the continued utilization and extension of the NCIS data will prove crucial to further reducing the burden of preventable fatal injuries on Australian farms.

Criminal investigation by the Kyiv Police in the first half of XIX century

The article attempts to analyze the procedure of criminal investigation of crimes by the Kyiv police in the first half of the XIX century. The main approaches to interpreting the activities of the police in historiography are considered, which view law enforcement as a practical embodiment of government policy. From the perspective of power, there was no gradation of crimes, and the investigation was perceived as an equal duty in maintaining order and “good.” According to legislation, the duties of the police included not only criminal investigation but also a range of other functions, such as maintaining urban development, supervising trade activities, and overseeing the moral state of the population through enforcing the prohibition of gambling.The study outlines the procedure of criminal investigation used in mid-XIX century Kyiv. It is noted that the investigation was closely linked to the testimonies of local residents, who were questioned about the circumstances of the crime as well as their own circle of suspects. Using archival documents, including case materials and reports from the city police, it is highlighted that the handling of cases at the local level was influenced by both governmental directives and the interests of the police officials themselves.The personal needs and motivations of the city police influenced the formation of reports and communication with higher-ranking officials, as well as the course of the investigation. Police reports were intentionally incomplete, as officials could pay less attention to minor cases that still fell within their jurisdiction and required investigation according to the law. Instead, police officers focused more on notable cases that could provoke a reaction from superiors and raise questions about the effectiveness of the city police’s work, such as high-value thefts or repeated crimes (including armed robberies committed by “people in black” as an example mentioned in the article). The specific characteristics of Kyiv’s local context also influenced the course of cases, as the city police responded more actively to unusual crimes for the region, such as murders. The “unconventional” nature of a committed crime could affect the established procedure of the investigation itself.

Experimental Effects of Substance Use Legality (Sober, Alcohol, Marijuana, Cocaine) and Sexual Crime (Indecent Exposure, Rape) on Attributions of Perpetrator Responsibility, Blame, and Punishment

Background: The perceived culpability of a sexual crime perpetrator may be attributed as a function of both the legality of the substance used when committing the crime and the severity of the sex crime. Objectives: The experiment applied attribution theory to examine the simultaneous impact of substance use legality and sexual crime severity on participants’ perceptions of responsibility, blame, and punishment toward sexual crime perpetrators. Methods: Participants (N = 461) in this 4 (substance legality) × 2 (sexual crime severity) experimental design were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions to read a police report depicting a sexual offense. The independent variable of substance legality was manipulated as the perpetrator’s usage of no substance (sober), alcohol (legal), marijuana (partially legal), or cocaine (illegal) at the time of the crime. The second independent variable of sexual crime severity was manipulated as the offense of indecent exposure (mild offense) or rape (severe offense) committed by the perpetrator. After reading the manipulated vignette, participants rated outcome measures involving the perpetrator’s responsibility, blame (guilt attributions, external attributions, and mental element attributions), and punishment (punishment attitudes and punishment severity). Results: Factorial MANCOVA and ANCOVAs were performed. Participants tended to attribute greater responsibility and blame, but not punishment, toward the sober perpetrator compared to the perpetrator intoxicated with alcohol, marijuana, or cocaine. Additionally, participants attributed significantly greater responsibility, blame, and punishment toward the perpetrator of rape compared to indecent exposure. Conclusions: The experiment supported that both substance legality and sexual crime severity uniquely served as contextual factors that played roles in people’s judgments about crimes. Findings offer drug policy information regarding how substance intoxication is perceived as a mitigating excuse in criminal justice systems for committing sexual offenses.

Health-Related Costs of Intimate Partner Violence: Using Linked Police and Health Registers.

This study aims to estimate direct health-related costs for victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) using nationwide linked data based on police reports and two healthcare registers in Finland from 2015 to 2020 (N = 21,073). We used a unique register dataset to identify IPV victims from the data based on police reports and estimated the attributable costs by applying econometric models to individual-level data. We used exact matching to create a reference group who had not been exposed to IPV. The mean, unadjusted, attributable healthcare cost for victims of IPV was €6,910 per individual over the 5-year period after being first identified as a victim. When adjusting for gender, age, education, occupation, and mental-health- and pregnancy-related diagnoses, the mean attributable health-related cost for the 5 years was €3,280. The annual attributable costs of the victims were consistently higher than those for nonvictims during the entire study period. Thus, our results suggest that the adverse health consequences of IPV persist and are associated with excess health service use for 5 years after exposure to IPV. Most victims of IPV were women, but men were also exposed to IPV, although the estimates were statistically significant only for female victims. Victims of IPV were over-represented among individuals outside the labor force and lower among those who were educated. The total healthcare costs of victims of IPV varied according to the socioeconomic factors. This study highlights the need for using linked register data to understand the characteristics of IPV and to assess its healthcare costs. The study results suggest that there is a significant socioeconomic gradient in victimization, which could also be useful to address future IPV prevention and resource allocation.

Reasons for Not Reporting Among Sexual Assault Survivors Who Seek Medical Forensic Exams: A Qualitative Analysis.

After a sexual assault, survivors have the option of seeking a medical forensic exam, which includes medical evaluation and treatment, as well as forensic evidence collection. Forensic evidence is collected in a sexual assault evidence kit (SAEK) and typically released to police to aid in the investigation and potential prosecution of the assault. However, 20% to 25% of survivors who have a SAEK collected do not report their assault to police at that time and choose instead to have their SAEK stored for possible future use. This study sought to understand the reasons for not reporting among this group of survivors. We examined medical records of 296 individuals aged 18 and older who had documented their reasons for not reporting to police in their medical record and used a non-theory-driven coding framework to conduct a reflexive thematic analysis based on that data. We identified four themes: Reporting Won't Help, Reporting Will Harm, Not Now, and Not What I'm Here For. These data illustrate that survivors are making an active choice which, for many, was based on concerns that reporting would not meaningfully help their situation or may even make their situations worse. For some survivors, the decision to have forensic evidence collected without a police report was based on their needs at that moment, whereas for other survivors it was based on their desire to move on from the assault more permanently. Practice and policy recommendations are discussed, including the importance of providing survivors information about what police reporting would look like in specific circumstances as well as ensuring that financial concerns are not a barrier to survivors receiving post-assault medical care without forensic evidence collection.

Forty-year trends in fatal occupational injuries in North Carolina.

We describe progress in the control of deaths on-the-job due to fatal occupational injury in North Carolina over the period 1978-2017. Forty years of information on fatal occupational injuries in North Carolina has been assembled from medical examiners' reports and death certificates, supplemented by newspaper and police reports. Cases were defined as unintentional fatal occupational injuries among adults. Annual estimates of the population at risk were derived from US Census data, and rates were quantified using Poisson regression methods. There were 4434 eligible deaths. The unintentional fatal occupational injury rate at the beginning of the study period was more than threefold the rate at the end of the study. The fatal occupational injury rate among men declined from 9.6 per 100,000 worker-years in the period 1978-1982 to 3.1 per 100,000 worker-years in the period 2013-2017. The fatal occupational injury rate among women declined from 0.3 per 100,000 worker-years in the period 1978-1981 to 0.1 per 100,000 worker-years in the period 2013-2017. Declines in rates were observed for young adults as well as older workers and were observed across all major industry categories. Average annual declines in rates were greatest in those industries and occupations that had the highest fatal injury rates at the start of the study period. The substantial decline in fatal injury rates underscores the importance of injury prevention and demonstrates the ability to make meaningful reductions in unintentional fatal injury.

Discretion and Strategies for Investigating Child Abuse: Social Workers’ Conceptions of Child Abuse Investigations and Police Reporting

Abstract Understanding the capacity of child welfare (CW) organisations to deal with child abuse is complex, and dependent on the specific CW context. Sweden occupies a unique position in trying to balance high demands for CW and protection with a strong family support focus, which carries a risk of overlooking children who need protection. Drawing on an understanding of social service organisations as street-level bureaucracies, this article explores discretion in child abuse cases by examining conditions affecting discretion and strategies for investigating child abuse, including police reporting. Thematic analysis of interviews with Swedish supervising social workers showed that staff’s conceptions of the CW system influenced the exercise of discretion, leading to different strategies for dealing with child abuse. This resulted in different practices and potentially unequal access to child protection and support, highlighting the wide margin of discretion. This article concludes that the interplay between knowledge and governance is central to equal child protection. This article contributes to the discussion of discretion in CW organisations by underlining the importance of being particularly vigilant about discretion when both children and parents are considered clients, as the child risks being lost as a subject with individual needs and rights.

Conventional cardiovascular risk factors in young individuals with three-vessel coronary artery disease experiencing sudden cardiac death

Abstract Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young victims under 50 years of age. Despite the young age, highly advanced CAD is a common finding at autopsies. Purpose We aimed to determine the prevalence of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in ischemic SCD victims under the age of 50 years with a three-vessel CAD detected at autopsy. Methods The study population was derived from the Fingesture study, consisting of consecutive victims of SCD in Northern Finland between years 1998-2017 (n=5,869). All victims underwent medico-legal autopsy with histological examinations, and toxicology investigations was performed if necessary. Pre-mortem clinical history was obtained from available medical records and medication, questionnaires to closest family members and police reports about the conditions of the death. Results In the Fingesture study, a total of 266 SCDs caused by CAD were observed in victims under 50 years of age. Three-vessel disease was detected in 118 victims (44%). The victims with three-vessel disease had more commonly a history of diabetes (26% vs. 14%, p=0.017) compared with victims with fewer major coronary arteries affected. No statistically significant difference was detected in the prevalence of known dyslipidemia (16% vs. 9%, p=0.134), hypertension (29% vs. 19%, p=0.103), male gender (88% vs. 91%, p=0.552), family history of SCD (33% vs. 36%, p=0.841), smoking (81% vs. 72%, p=0.371), or mean age (45 years vs. 44 years, p=0.120). Conclusions The history of diabetes was the only conventional risk factor associated with three-vessel disease in young individuals who experienced SCD determined to be caused by CAD. Along with previous studies, these results highlight the role of diabetes in the development of CAD and adverse outcomes in young people.

Kualitas Pelayanan Laporan Polisi Model C pada Sentra Pelayanan Kepolisian Terpadu Resor Metro Tangerang Kota

The Tangerang City Metro Police SPKT Unit as one of the agencies serving the community is required to have adequate quality. The problem that arises is the lack of quality of service at the Tangerang City Metro Police SPKT which is characterized by inadequate facilities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of the Model C Police Report service at the Integrated Police Service Center for the Tangerang City Metro Resort in providing services to the community. This research uses a qualitative method and data collection using observation, interviews and documents. Data analysis in this research uses the service quality dimensions namely Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Emphaty. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the services provided by SPKT Polres Tangerang Metro Kota are not good enough because there are still deficiencies in the indicators in each dimension, namely Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy.

A blue coat: The addict and the unspeakable girl in South Africa’s colonial archive

Can a colonial archive render up form-of-life? To what ends? This essay explores these questions through a methodological exercise that casts a specific historical subject in the role of Giorgio Agamben’s ‘unspeakable girl’. The subject is a woman identified in a 1910 Cape Town police report as a habitual opium smoker. The unspeakable girl is a philosophical construction through which Agamben develops a concept of initiated (or initiating) knowledge. At stake in my forensic re/deconstruction of this case is how a concept of the ‘unspeakable’ may help to unsettle the figure of the ‘addict’ as a stigmatised object of knowledge and paternalism, in service of more humane policy and treatment regimes in the present. The transformative potential of initiating knowledge supports current practice as the ‘come as you are’ motto of harm reduction, and as a bridge between academic analysis and the more intimate concerns of the heart.

Abstract 15034: Characteristics of Sudden Cardiac Death According to BMI Group: The FinGesture Study

Background: The prevalence of obesity has increased significantly in Western Societies. Obesity increases the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), but the etiology and mechanisms of obesity-related SCD are unclear. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that obesity is associated with specific SCD characteristics which may explain the increased risk of SCD in obesity. Aims: We aimed to investigate the characteristics of SCD according to the BMI group. Methods: This study is derived from the FinGesture study, which has prospectively collected all out-of-hospital SCD cases from Northern Finland since 1998 (population ~700,000). As required by Finnish law, all sudden deaths undergo medicolegal autopsy, and the Fingesture study has included all sudden deaths from Northern Finland with autopsy-verified cardiac etiology (i.e., SCD). The determination of the cause of death was based on a combination of autopsy findings, medical records, and police and emergency medical service reports. Results: The study population consisted of a total of 5,869 autopsy-verified SCD victims. Mean age was 64.9±12.4 and 78.9 % were male. The mean age decreased along with increasing BMI class (Table) (p &lt; 0.001). The proportion of non-ischemic cardiac disease (p &lt; 0.001, Figure) and the mean heart weight at autopsy (p &lt; 0,001, Table) increased along with increasing BMI. Conclusions: Obesity-related SCD is associated with younger age and a higher proportion of non-ischemic cardiac disease with hypertrophy. These results suggest that early development of non-ischemic cardiac disease may contribute to obesity-related SCD.

The prevalence, risks, and detection of driving under the influence of nitrous oxide

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O), colloquially known as laughing gas, is a common recreational drug of abuse. The gas is inhaled in its undiluted form from a party balloon. Its intoxicating effects are described as dissociative and euphoric, accompanied by ataxia, hypoxia, and attenuated consciousness. Therefore, the recreational use of N2O appears irreconcilable with operating a vehicle in road traffic. However, the Netherlands, one of the leading countries regarding prevalence of recreational N2O use, has seen a sharp increase in police reports of N2O‐related traffic incidents since 2016. Road traffic deaths associated with recreational N2O use have also been reported in the United Kingdom, as well as a recent increase in traffic incidents. Hence, driving under the influence of nitrous oxide (DUINO) is possibly an underreported threat to road traffic safety. Based on the limited information available at this time, the current review considers the prevalence of DUINO, its effects driving performance, and approaches to road‐side detection. It is concluded that DUINO is a potentially significant threat to road traffic safety. Although its prevalence is unclear, it is almost certain that DUINO is accompanied by severe driving impairment, based on its pharmacodynamics and documented cognitive and psychomotor effects in medical studies. The pharmacokinetic profile of N2O lends credibility to the notion that recent use can be demonstrated in breath, blood, and saliva. However, the analytical complexities of such measurements warrant elaborate research into N2O detection techniques.This article is categorized under: Toxicology &gt; Drug‐Impaired Driving

Dr. Seuss, police reports, and lamb recipes: Examining text reformulation as a literacy strategy

AbstractEngaging college students in purposeful academic tasks designed to foster both reading and writing competencies requires calculated decision‐making regarding the goals and benefits of the literacy tasks used in college courses. Consequently, we explore text reformulation as a literacy strategy that aims to enrich students' reading and writing competencies. Text reformulation, taking one text and recreating it in a new form, can be used to provide opportunities for students to develop reading and writing competencies like analyzing story details and sequencing, using mentor texts, and considering audience awareness. Drawing on recorded small group and whole class conversations, student work samples, and student reflections, this study considers how preservice teachers created meaning of an existing short story and applied it to new modalities. Implications for implementing text reformulation in middle, secondary, and college programs are highlighted, including orienting students to the task, teaching text structures, and guiding students through issues of purpose, audience, and tone.

Impacting Factors of Road Traffic Accidents in Kathmandu Valley

The major objective of the study is to investigate the relationship and impact of over speed, negligence, and poor vehicle conditions on road traffic accidents in Nepal. The study targeted drivers of two-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles as a population. 100 respondents were selected through a simple random sampling technique based on the police report list during the last 5 years of Kathmandu Valley. Primary data was the source of information and was collected using a well-structured, five-point Likert scale survey. Cronbach's Alpha coefficients were used to examine the internal consistency of the factors and an independent sample t-test was adopted to analyze differences in road traffic accidents, over speed, overload, and poor vehicle condition in terms of gender. Mean, standard deviation, variance, and correlation were adopted to analyze the data systematically to derive the findings. The study found a relationship between speed and negligence in road traffic accidents in Kathmandu Valley. However, a strong relationship exists between poor vehicle conditions road traffic accidents. The study also found that gender has no impact on overload, poor vehicle conditions, and road traffic accidents, except negligence. The future researcher can study the impact of other independent variables on road traffic accidents targeting drivers of two-wheelers and four-wheelers with a large sample size in a broad area.