Police Personnel Research Articles

Beyond the Badge: A Scoping Review Among Police Personnel in South India Exploring the Impact of Yoga and Health Education on Cardiovascular Health.

Communicable diseases have been the primary cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting populations for decades. However, in recent times, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have emerged as the primary cause of illness and premature death due to factors such as urbanization, longer life expectancy, and unhealthy lifestyles. In recent years, noncommunicable illnesses have emerged as the primary cause of morbidity and premature mortality, replacing infectious diseases as the leading cause of illness and death. Among the top five causes of NCD, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most important factor, comprising the major diseases with maximum mortality and morbidity. The burden of CVD is greatly increased by modifiable risk factors, such as smoking, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and excess body weight. CVD occurs particularly in certain occupational risk groups, such as doctors, police personnel, and persons working for prolonged hours, predisposing them to unhealthy dietary practices, improper sleeping patterns, and increased psychological stress. As members of this occupational group, police personnel are particularly at risk for cardiovascular diseases, making it imperative to implement preventive measures to reduce the burden of these diseases in this population. The primary objective was to assess the impact of yoga and health education interventions on cardiovascular health outcomes among police personnel in South India, and the secondary objective was to examine the changes in blood pressure levels and lipid profiles following yoga and health education programs among police personnel.

Insights into decision‐maker's perceptions of good versus bad decisions in emergency services—A modified Delphi study

AbstractDecision‐making in emergency situations, such as those faced by fire, police, and health service personnel, presents unique challenges due to the high‐stakes and time‐pressured environment. Here we aim to better understand what emergency responders regard as constituting ‘good’ and ‘bad’ decisions in emergency situations. We administered a modified Delphi study, eliciting opinions from decision‐makers across all these sectors towards consensus around the key elements of good and bad decision‐making. Participants were first asked to define what makes a ‘good’ and a ‘bad’ decision, and subsequently to identify the top five most important elements of each. While consensus was not found, important insights were identified that can assist improve the standard of decision making at all levels of emergency response and management. We observed (i) a lack of a common understanding between participants of what a decision is, and how a decision differs from pre‐decision and postdecision components; (ii) responses varied according to whether a free text description or the identification of separate elements was requested; (iii) respondents valued ‘goodness’ across different and at times unrelated components a scaled measure of decision quality as opposed to a binary evaluation of ‘rightness’; and (iv) pre‐ and postdecision elements are considered more important than the decision itself when determining the quality of a decision. To address the issues highlighted by the study we recommend improvements in training, and improvements to organization doctrine related to decision making, risk tolerance, assessment of decision quality and development of intent‐based or principle‐based operational guidance. Ultimately, incident controllers from all services must remain cognizant that they will face considerable scrutiny if they cannot explain how they arrived at the decision they made.

Police Responses to Rape in Metropolitan India

Much of the published research on police responses to rape is located in the West. This study conducted in-depth interviews with three adult victim-survivors and 15 police personnel to explore police responses to rape in the metropolitan city of Kolkata, India. Using an intersectional feminist framework, a reflexive thematic analysis indicated both sensitive and insensitive responses and showed that police responses were often based on discretion rather than being guided by the law. Police responses were also shaped by occupational culture, the socio-political environment, the police–criminal nexus and media coverage. The research sheds light on the unique cultural context of policing rape in metropolitan India. It adds to discussions regarding women’s police stations and changes in policing to address sexual violence.

Cybersecurity for tactical 6G networks: Threats, architecture, and intelligence

Edge intelligence, network autonomy, broadband satellite connectivity, and other concepts for private 6G networks are enabling new applications for public safety authorities, e.g., for police and rescue personnel. Enriched situational awareness, group communications with high-quality video, large scale IoT, and remote control of vehicles and robots will become available in any location and situation. We analyze cybersecurity in intelligent tactical bubbles, i.e., in autonomous rapidly deployable mobile networks for public safety operations. Machine learning plays major roles in enabling these networks to be rapidly orchestrated for different operations and in securing these networks from emerging threats, but also in enlarging the threat landscape. We explore applicability of different threat and risk analysis methods for mission-critical networked applications. We present the results of a joint risk prioritization study. We survey security solutions and propose a security architecture, which is founded on the current standardization activities for terrestrial and non-terrestrial 6G and leverages the concepts of machine learning-based security to protect mission-critical assets at the edge of the network.

The Influence of Leadership, Competence and Compensation on Job Satisfaction and Performance of Barru Resort Police Personnel

The Influence of Leadership, Competence and Compensation on Job Satisfaction and Performance of Barru Resort Police Personnel

Civil-Military Participation in Hostility Model: Theorizing attack of security personnel by civilians and vice versa

Theorizing civilian attacks on military and police officers in Ghana, the author adopted the Direct Participation in Hostilities concept applied in International Humanitarian Law during war time to protect civilians in the “Civil-Military Participation in Hostility Model”. It seeks to theorize the factors coalescing into incidence of hostilities during peace time by civilians against agents of State Security and vice versa. The Direct Participation in Hostilities refers to the cancellation of security protection of civilians during war, when they opt to participate in hostilities caused by the enemy, military or police intervention or operations. That conduct evaporates the expectation of protection from the military or police personnel, which makes the civilians targets in war times. In peace time, when civilians attack security personnel for cause or without cause, the withdrawal of protective performative services by State Security services should be the same as if it is war time situation justified by the concepts of self-defence and State Security. The “Civil-Military Participation in Hostilities Model” is a constructivist and realist approach to the resulting harm either perpetrated by civilians on the security personnel or the security personnel attacks due to civilian infractions or breach of public order. The eruption of hostilities from either angle may be due to the absence of a capable guardian or legal framework; and the absence of culpability, probity and accountability in security services delivery post-facto.

Protecting Digital Assets: Government Initiatives and NGOs Participation

Digital assets are an indispensable part of human life and have taken shape as valuable assets in sentimental and monetary forms. Being valuable, these digital assets need to be protected with a specific security set-up including a trained army of technocrats, government machinery, NGOs and experts engaged in similar activities. This army of all stakeholders will help to protect the people and motivate them to protect their digital assets. The number and role of NGOs have grown dramatically in a welfare society and they have become a bridge between government and the common people. These NGOs are generally formed by like-minded persons and organisations such as government machinery, technocrats, private organisations, lawyers, academicians, techno-savvy people, police personnel and students to bring awareness to the common people on protecting digital assets. The present research article shows that in future, a new set of institutional linkage between state agencies and NGOs needs to be explored and researched into.

Exploring family supportive supervisor behaviours from a police perspective to ensure life satisfaction: an empirical investigation using importance-performance analysis

PurposeThe primary aim of this research is to analyse the impact of family-supportive supervisor behaviours (FSSB) on the level of life satisfaction among individuals working in the police force. FSSB is informal support by supervisors, which is an emerging topic. Further, this study examines the intermediary role of career calling and job embeddedness in the association between supportive family behaviours of supervisors and life satisfaction. However, only limited studies have been conducted on how informal support by the supervisor performs for police personnel. This research aims to fill this gap.Design/methodology/approachFor the purpose of data collection from police personnel, we used a structured questionnaire. Variance-based partial least squares structural equational modelling (PLS-SEM) methodology was applied using SmartPLS software to investigate the conceptual model of the study. Additionally, using importance-performance map analysis (IMPA), we evaluate the importance and performance of each construct.FindingsThe data analysis findings indicate that job embeddedness and career calling function as complete mediating factors in the association between FSSB and life satisfaction. Additionally, the study revealed that career calling is the most performing construct for promoting life satisfaction but is not perceived as important by the police department.Originality/valueAccording to the authors’ knowledge, there has been no research in the Indian context that examines the effects of supervisor family supportive behaviours, especially among police. The incorporation of career calling and job embeddedness as mediators provides a novel perspective in the examination of the correlation between FSSB and life satisfaction.

Economic evaluation of a psychological surveillance and support programme in the UK police force

PurposePolice officers in the UK frequently experience traumatic events and work pressures, and these can have a detrimental impact on mental health. A psychological surveillance programme has been implemented and clinically evaluated. This paper reports an economic evaluation of the programme.Design/methodology/approachA decision analytic model was developed to explore programme costs, outcomes and return on investment for a notional cohort of 1,000 police personnel (officers and staff). The model parameters were obtained from a large data set of sequential psychological surveillance results. Changes in individual work productivity were derived from a workability measure included in the survey.FindingsThe modelled expected total cost incurred to screen 1,000 participants was £84,287 ($106,971). The expected net increase in work productivity for those receiving interventions was valued at £241,672 ($306,713). This result represents a return on investment of 187%. Sensitivity analyses showed that the model was robust to changes in key parameters.Research limitations/implicationsPolice personnel experiencing traumatic events may need specialist support from occupational health services or psychological therapy. Screening or surveillance can detect mental health problems, but its cost-effectiveness has been previously unknown.Practical implicationsThe value for money of providing surveillance within the police force to detect mental health problems is assessed in this research. The gains in terms of increased work are evident. In similar environmental working conditions, this could extend to emergency services globally.Social implicationsThe police are often called upon to deal with the lowest points in people’s lives. The findings have implications for police forces wishing to support officers to be able to provide the best of themselves in these situations.Originality/valueThere have been no previous studies in policing that have concluded that running a psychological surveillance programme in policing is financially viable. Although this requires initial investment, this paper models that the extra costs incurred are more than offset by improved work productivity.

The Effect of Job Stress and Coping Strategies on Job Satisfaction Mediated by Work Family Conflict (Study on Kendari Polresta Personnel)

This research aims to examine the Effect of Job Stress and Coping Strategies on Job Satisfaction Mediated by Work Family Conflict. This type of research is explanatory research. The populations in the study were all police personnel in the Kendari Police detective field. The number of samples determined was 130 respondents. The analysis method uses structural equation modeling (SEM) using the AMOS 4.01 program package to obtain results of causal relationships between the variables developed in the model. The test results show that: Job stress from the results of this research is proven to have a negative and significant effect on the job satisfaction of police personnel; Coping strategies directly have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction of police personnel, Work-family conflict directly has a negative and significant effect on job satisfaction, Job stress has a positive and significant effect on work conflict; (5) Coping strategies have a negative and significant effect on work-family conflict. Work stress has an influence on job satisfaction and can be significantly mediated by work-family conflict, so it can be said that work conflict has a significant influence as a mediator variable in this research and strategy. Coping has a significant influence on job satisfaction. The influence on job satisfaction variables can be significantly mediated by conflict. family work. This means that reducing work stress will have an impact on increasing job satisfaction through reducing work conflict, as well as better coping strategies will have an impact on increasing job satisfaction through work conflict.

The Influence of Women's Leadership Style and Work Motivation on the Performance of Police Personnel in the Legal Work Unit of the West Sumatra Regional Police Force

This study aims to analyze the Effect of Style Leadership and Work Motivation on the Performance of Police Personnel in the Legal Division work unit of the West Sumatra Regional Police. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with a descriptive approach, the research sample is 26 personnel of the Legal Division of the West Sumatra Regional Police. Data analysis was carried out using instrument tests through SPSS Version 29 for windows software to check the validity and reliability of the data. The results of data analysis show that the variable female leadership style does not have a significant effect on personnel performance, this is evidenced by the results of the hypothesis test obtained a significance value of 0.468 > 0.05 and tcount 0.739 ≤ ttabel 2.064. The results of this study also show that work motivation variables have a significant effect on personnel performance with a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05 and tcount 4.223 ≥ ttabel 2.064. Through the simultaneous hypothesis test (f test), it shows that the female leadership style and work motivation have an effect on personnel performance with a significance value of Sig 0.001 < 0.05 and the value of fcount 10.159 > ftabel 3.420.

Alcohol use, civilian interference, and other possible risk factors for death during restraint

Physical restraint is usually used when trying to control and terminate a violent episode. Many causes are possible behind aggressive, agitated, and violent behavior. Some of these are such factors that can either be detected in forensic autopsies or can be evident from the person's medical records. Various causes for deaths during physical restraint have been suggested.In this study, we wanted to review all incidents in which physical restraint was employed, ending in death of the restrained person, whether the restraint was applied by police officers, security guards, police custody personnel, health care personnel or ordinary civilians. The main aim was to see if this new kind of study design would increase our knowledge in circumstances and causes leading to death in restraint situations.Data was collected retrospectively from all forensic autopsies performed in the Southern Finland area during 2010–2015. We went through 21,036 forensic autopsy cases and found 12 cases (0.06 %) in which a physical restraint was employed before death. Police officers were involved in the physical restraint in 7/12 of the cases: in two of these cases, police alone; in three cases, police and guards; and in two cases, police and health care personnel. Civilians carried out the restraint in 5/12 cases. With civilians responsible for the restraint, the cause of death was more likely considered to be a result of the restraint itself than in cases where police and other authorities were responsible for the restraint. This could be because civilians aren't educated about safe restraint methods, and they might themselves be intoxicated. Alcohol was the most common psychoactive substance found in this study and could be a risk factor for not only aggressive behavior but also death, since alcohol use can provoke cardiac arrhythmias and even sudden death. Based on this study, and previously published studies, we see restraint deaths as a varying spectrum of deaths, in which the death is often possibly a result of many factors, including the effects of agitation and restraint, intoxication, and cardiac and other illnesses.

Police personnel allocation and homicide clearance

PurposeThis paper applies novel techniques from the field of operations management to examine the allocation of patrol and investigative personnel to identify which is most effective in improving police performance around homicide clearance.Design/methodology/approachA panel sample of homicide clearance rates from the 100 largest US cities between 2000 and 2013 were analyzed in two steps: first, a random-effects regression model was performed to locate influential factors; second, optimum analysis was applied to locate the optimal values that yield maximal homicide clearance.FindingsBoth patrol and investigative personnel levels have a significant impact on homicide clearance. Maximal clearance can be achieved by allocating departmental personnel to investigative roles.Research limitations/implicationsGiven recent trends around “defunding” police and public sector austerity measures, future research should continue to explore the utility of optimum analysis for efficient allocation of policing personnel.Originality/valueThis study provides proof of concept for the use of optimum analysis in policing research.

The Influence of Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Meaning of Life on Willingness to Change Mediated by Intrinsic Motivation in Depok Metro Resort Police

This paper aims to provide information regarding the influence of transformational leadership, organizational culture, and the meaning of life on the willingness to change mediated by intrinsic motivation at the Depok Metro Resort Police. The questionnaire was determined based on the Simple Random Sampling method. This research uses an explanatory approach to analyze the relationship and influence between exogenous and endogenous variables. The population in this study used all police personnel at the Depok Metro Resort Police, taking a sample of 90 police personnel. Data was collected using a questionnaire distributed to personnel who met the criteria; then, the data was processed using PLS. The test results found that transformational leadership did not significantly influence intrinsic motivation, organizational culture had a positive and significant impact on intrinsic motivation, and the meaning of life had a positive and significant influence on intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, transformational leadership has a positive and significant influence on willingness to change, as well as organizational culture and meaning of life, which were found to have a positive and significant influence on willingness to change. Intrinsic motivation has a positive and significant influence on willingness to change. In the mediation test, intrinsic motivation was found not to mediate the influence of transformational leadership on willingness to change. In contrast, in the influence of organizational culture on willingness to change and the meaning of life on willingness to change, it was found that intrinsic motivation had a partial mediating role.

Lifestyle-related diseases among Philippine National Police personnel: It’s impact to the delivery of services

Lifestyle-related diseases among Philippine National Police personnel: It’s impact to the delivery of services

Striving for Peace: Addressing Human Rights Challenges in UN Peacekeeping Operations

United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations have been pivotal in global efforts to stabilize conflict zones and mitigate violence for over seven decades. Utilizing soldiers, police personnel, and civilian peacekeepers from diverse backgrounds, these missions aim to implement multidimensional mandates while upholding international legitimacy. Beyond traditional roles of maintaining peace and stability, modern peacekeeping endeavours encompass a spectrum of responsibilities, including civilian protection, demobilization, and human rights enforcement, thereby fostering the transition from conflict to peace. However, amidst these noble goals, the UN has faced persistent criticism regarding human rights violations and sexual abuse by peacekeepers. This paper delves into the UN’s efforts to address legal and policy concerns, ensuring human rights protection and restoring the integrity of peacekeeping. It examines normative frameworks guiding peacekeeping missions and the evolving role of human rights therein. Despite advancements, challenges persist, including ambiguous mandates, political discord, and accountability deficits. Ambiguities in\ conceptual frameworks further complicate operationalization, necessitating clarity and coherence in mandates and implementation.Recommendations for improvement include prioritizing civilian protection and human rights, fostering political consensus, and addressing discrepancies in resource allocation. Additionally, measures to ensure accountability, including penalties for troop-contributing countries and re-evaluation of peacekeepers’ immunity, are vital. In conclusion, while UN peacekeeping remains indispensable in global peace efforts, addressing human rights violations and enhancing accountability are imperative to uphold its integrity and effectiveness.

Sisyphus in Court: Moral injury and requests for recognition in the dynamic between the Dutch police organization and their personnel in the wake of work related psychological injuries

When police personnel suffering from work-related psychological injuries seek support and recognition from their organization, a complex dynamic can unfold. This may even be experienced as morally injurious, thus adding to the initial psychological injury. This article delves into this issue in the context of Dutch police personnel, analyzing the narratives of 13 (former) police officers through the theoretical framework of Moral Injury, (mis)recognition, and bureaucracy. Their stories reveal that these officers, having learned to view their organization as their ‘blue family’, yearned for support and recognition, while inherent bureaucratic constraints prevented the police organization from offering genuine recognition. The result was an isolating and existence-denying experience. Bureaucratic logic tends to make the police organization approach recognition-seeking officers as suspects obligated to prove their ‘sick status,’ while it simultaneously creates tendencies to ‘sanitize’ the organization from their illness. Such an interaction becomes a Sisyphean struggle for officers, igniting a 'solidified fight mode' in them and worsening their feelings of misrecognition. Ultimately, this dynamic may be characterized as morally injurious. These findings emphasize the importance of recognition, especially for officers dealing with psychological injuries, and allow us to distinguish between affirmative recognition (perpetuating unhealthy post-injury dynamics) and transformative recognition (changing them toward meaningful change). This study thus advances the understanding of how organizations can both hinder and promote recognition and support, underscoring the pivotal role of transformative recognition to foster healing from the initial psychological injury and prevent moral injury in the injury's aftermath.

Police Personnel Performance: Intrinsic Motivation, Organizational Commitment and Psychological Empowerment in Indonesia

Police Personnel Performance: Intrinsic Motivation, Organizational Commitment and Psychological Empowerment in Indonesia

The suicides among the Romanian police and public safety personnel in the period 2016-2021

"There is an important concern of public and professional organizations in the police and public safety sector to identify the best practices for suicide risk management, especially in USA. The suicide phenomenon from 2016 to 2021 at the level of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Romania2, captured through the annual suicide rates, varied positively or negatively compared with the annual suicide rates from Romania and with those at the level of institutions with a similar activity profile from the international level, from the USA and Italy. Based on the socio-demographic data available, the self-murderers’ profiles at the level of MIA were created, but in their use, the particular aspects of the suicidal phenomenon must be considered. The self-murderers from the Romanian police and public safety institutions used firearms in 45.7% of the cases during the analyzed period. The algorithm used to predict the annual suicide numbers in the period 2022-2025 at the MIA level revealed that they will follow an increasing trend. In the period 2016-2021, the annual number of suicides among Romanian police and public safety personnel was higher than the number of deaths among the same personnel caused by accidents during service and assaults. Keywords: suicide, police and public safety institutions, suicide prevention"

Multimodal Ayurveda and Yoga intervention in mixed depressive and anxiety disorder: A case report

Mental health disorders represent a significant global health challenge, affecting individuals across age groups, cultures, and socioeconomic backgrounds. This case report illustrates the integration of Ayurveda intervention and cognitive therapy module in the management of Mixed Anxiety Depressive disorder in 40-year-old male police personnel. The patient presented with symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression attributed to his demanding work schedule and law-enforcement responsibilities. Ayurvedic interventions, including Jatamansi and Brahma rasayana, Yoga in the form of Naadi shuddhi pranayama, and personalized diet and lifestyle modifications, were given for three months with three months follow-up to address the patient’s symptoms comprehensively. General health questionnaire 12, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) scale, Depression, anxiety, and stress scale - 21, World Health Organization quality of life brief version were used to assess the benefit of therapy. Significant improvements were observed in the patient’s sleep quality, stress levels, and overall mental well-being over the course of treatment. This case report highlights the efficacy of the multi-modal approach in promoting mental health and resilience in high-stress occupations, emphasizing the value of holistic healing modalities in addressing complex mental health concerns.