Police Inquiries Research Articles

The police investigation is illegal and illegitimate

The Public Prosecution Service, which is the exclusive holder of public criminal action and external control of police activity, among other duties, and the police are responsible for investigating criminal offenses. That said, the aim of this research is to demonstrate that the Public Prosecution Service has been treated as a mere opinion-forming body in criminal cases, given the understanding of criminal judges and also of the Legislative Branch, contrary to the Federal Constitution of 1988. In this regard, the Code of Criminal Procedure places the Public Prosecution Service in a situation of non-ownership in the conduct of cases, through various provisions of this code, when, notably, it allows the criminal judge to superimpose his decision on the theses of the Public Prosecution Service. As far as the legislative branch is concerned, the enactment of laws still does not respect the 1988 constitutional provision on the role of the Public Prosecution Service. In addition, external control of police activity must guarantee the constitutional legality and legitimacy of the greatest instrument for investigating crimes, the Police Inquiry, according to Article 129, VII of the Brazilian Federal Constitution. The absence of external control compromises the quality of evidence and the effectiveness of criminal justice, confirming the urgent need to implement regulatory mechanisms that ensure efficient control of police activity, resulting in improvements in public safety and, above all, in the legitimacy of the Brazilian justice system.

A vitimização secundária de testemunhas em inquéritos policiais e processos criminais na apuração de homicídios

Secondary victimization, or re-victimization, is a phenomenon caused by state agents involved with the criminal justice system, affecting victims and witnesses of crimes, especially homicide crimes. A significant number of witnesses choose not to collaborate with justice in the investigation of the homicide, for fear of retaliation by criminals and lack of police or court protection, which ends up leading to impunity. This study aimed to analyze the process of secondary victimization of witnesses in police inquiry and criminal proceedings in the homicide investigation, in addition to identifying the causes of such victimization and proposing actions that may minimize it. Non-systematic bibliographic research was carried out in the Google Scholar and Scielo databases, using the terms “vitimização de testemunhas”, “homicídio”, “witness victimization”, “secondary witness victimization” and “homicide secondary victimization” as keywords, applying the specific period filter (2016 – 2021). Thirteen probable causes for secondary victimization were identified, proposing some measures to try to avoid or minimize it. It was concluded that only by protecting homicide witnesses will it be possible to achieve better rates in the investigation of these crimes.

The detailed term reflects the power of the environmental police

This article aims to analyze how the figure of the Detailed Term can be understood as a reflection of the power of environmental police, among the various instruments that the State has to guarantee the rights of the community in the face of the wishes of the individual. In the same way, it is sought to understand how the Police Power functions, its precedents and why it is used by the State to prohibit actions or curb conduct of individuals, mainly in relation to the environment and its need for constitutional protection. In addition to understanding how the term works, what are its precedents and the way it is used for environmental protection, the same as the Police Inquiry and the Arrest Warrant. The hypothetical deductive research method brings two hypotheses about the feasibility or otherwise of considering the term as an instrument or reflection of the power of environmental police, when it comes to the offenses of lesser offensive potential environmental, besides the exploratory bias, mainly by the bibliographic conceptual review and the legislation applied. With this, it is possible to have a philosophical vision referring to the importance that the power of the environmental police has to protect a fundamental right guaranteeing by the Federal Constitution the right to a balanced environment, and how this power of the police is reflected in the preventive and repressive actions of the State. Accordingly, the objetive of the research is achieved by instigating reflection on the theme and showing that no matter how much the Detailed Term is a relatively new instrument and that it still faces legal debates about its constitutionality, it has unparalleled importance for environmental protection as a reflection of the power of the police. Thus, one can understand that when one analyzes the protection of environmental rights, there is the foresight of coercive acts of the state (police power), both to prevent and to repress conduct that harms the environment, so one cannot disconnect the Detailed Term as an instrument of this police power of the State, since it has the same effects, within its forecast and proportionality, as the Police Investigation and the Arrest Report in Flagrante Delito.

Suicide victims and alcohol-related consumption in Brazil: An observational study and a narrative review of the literature.

Deaths due to external causes, mainly suicide, are a severe public health problem in Brazil. Evidence shows that the tendency to impulsive behavior is exacerbated after alcohol consumption. The relationship between alcohol and suicide is poorly described in the medical literature. The study aims to analyze the relationship between victims' blood alcohol levels and suicides in some municipalities in Greater São Paulo, Brazil. We reviewed the data from the medical records of 805 necropsies performed at the Medical Legal Institute of Sao Paulo in Franco da Rocha, Brazil, from 2001 to 2017. The manner of death was established based on the result of police inquiry. Deaths due to suicide (n=41) were selected for the study. Descriptive statistics and Student t-test was applied when appropriate. The variables studied were sex, age, suicide mechanism, and blood alcohol level (BAC). In all cases we could not determine how much time the deceased consumed alcohol before suicide. Of the individuals analyzed, 85.36% were male, and 14.64% were female. The most prevalent age range for males was between 18 and 23 (19.5%). For females, it was between 12 and 23 years (33.2%). Most suicides (48.78%) were due to hanging, followed by self-poisoning (22.08%) and firearms (17.1%). 38 victims (92.68%) presented a positive BAC, over 0.3 mg/dl. The higher levels were in the group of suicide by hanging (2.3 mg/ml). Thus, alcohol intoxication is common among suicide victims, and it can contribute to the fatal outcome as a risk factor. Further studies are necessary for a better comprehension of the effect of alcohol on suicide victims.

General Description Of The Role And Place Of The New Model Of Police Inquiry In The System Of Pre-Trial Proceedings

This article examined the general characteristics of the role and place of the new model of police inquiry in the system of pre-trial proceedings under the new Code of Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Armenia. When studying the chosen topic, the legislative features of a police investigation were analyzed. This article also presents the experience of pre-trial proceedings of foreign states of the Romano-Germanic and Anglo-Saxon legal families, and also, to a certain extent, carried out a comparative legal analysis of criminal procedural policy regarding the functioning and structure of the above institution. It should be noted that the new model of police inquiry, its significance in criminal procedural relations, as well as the reasons for the partial incorporation of covert investigative actions into criminal procedural legislation have been studied in general terms. The relevance of the chosen topic lies in the lack of a unified approach to understanding the new model of police investigation and the unexplored nature of the above-mentioned institution. The purpose of the study of this topic is to study the system and limits of police inquiry in criminal proceedings, and in particular, to study the general characteristics of the model of police inquiry, to reveal the concept and essence of “police inquiry”, to determine the bodies that are authorized to carry out police inquiry, to establish methods for conducting police inquiry in the process preliminary investigation, as well as identifying other auxiliary functions of the police. In this article, when studying the chosen topic, the comparative legal method, deductive and inductive methods, as well as analysis and abstraction are used. As a result of studying the topic, we can come to the conclusion that the police inquiry is no longer an independent form of preliminary investigation, but carries out an “auxiliary” function in the process of preliminary investigation, the content of which is disclosed in this article.

Enabling witnesses to actively explore faces and reinstate study-test pose during a lineup increases discriminability

Accurate witness identification is a cornerstone of police inquiries and national security investigations. However, witnesses can make errors. We experimentally tested whether an interactive lineup, a recently introduced procedure that enables witnesses to dynamically view and explore faces from different angles, improves the rate at which witnesses identify guilty over innocent suspects compared to procedures traditionally used by law enforcement. Participants encoded 12 target faces, either from the front or in profile view, and then attempted to identify the targets from 12 lineups, half of which were target present and the other half target absent. Participants were randomly assigned to a lineup condition: simultaneous interactive, simultaneous photo, or sequential video. In the front-encoding and profile-encoding conditions, Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis indicated that discriminability was higher in interactive compared to both photo and video lineups, demonstrating the benefit of actively exploring the lineup members' faces. Signal-detection modeling suggested interactive lineups increase discriminability because they afford the witness the opportunity to view more diagnostic features such that the nondiagnostic features play a proportionally lesser role. These findings suggest that eyewitness errors can be reduced using interactive lineups because they create retrieval conditions that enable witnesses to actively explore faces and more effectively sample features.

PROPORTIONALITY OF BIAS-MOTIVATION AND HATE CRIME: AN OVERVIEW OF HATE CRIME LAWS

This article's overall research objective will be to critically analyze the foundational theory of hate crimes. The research question asks to what extent hate crimes are grounded in a foundational commonplace style of elaboration of statutory rules, as propounded by Nicolaus the Sophist, on the bases of the so-called ‘final headings’. The argument seeks to sustain the view that the so-called hate crimes are cognate to final headings elaborations in order to ground commonplace judicial denunciation. The research paradigm identifies underlying norms; therefore, the research methodology is doctrinal, establishing a legal narrative analysis.In extended synthesis, a statute might not proscribe fighting words of racial animus any more than those of hatred of the victim’s family. Regulation of the words’ subject inferred elaboration by the heading of the just and the appropriate. The enigma of the ‘something more’ criterion is ostensibly an elaboration of the possible and the beneficial. Hate crime laws apply to conduct motivated by hate, instead of hate speech. Hate suggests a consequential vitiation of reputation, so that hate crime laws are impliedly elaborated based on the final heading of the appropriate. Online symbolic rhetoric is arguably the enigmatic ‘something more’ and elaborated by the final headings of the possible and the beneficial. Hate crime laws require extraordinary police inquiries into offenders' motives. This conflation of duty and avoiding turning a blind eye implies final headings elaboration by the appropriate and the just. A measurement of victim vulnerability by association with a suffering group is the primary indicium of commonplace, elaborated by the final heading of the beneficial. The key to a hate crimes prosecution for social media actions would be hostility as a vicious error, as already elaborated as being equivalent to hatred, susceptible to elaboration by the final heading of appropriateness.

CRIMES MILITARES DOLOSOS CONTRA A VIDA DE CIVIL: ATRIBUIÇÃO INVESTIGATIVA DA POLÍCIA JUDICIÁRIA MILITAR

The Federal Constitution (FC) in its art. 144 established the duties of public security bodies. Ordinarily, the work of the judicial police was the responsibility of the Civil Police of the States and the Federal Police, however, there is an exception, provided for in §4 of the aforementioned constitutional article, where, when establishing the attributions of the Civil Police, the constituent excluded investigations of military criminal offences for this body. Those are carried out by the Military Judiciary Police. Throughout the 1990s, a series of events involving military police officers in the death of civilians led to a change in military criminal legislation through Law 9.299/96, which altered the competence for judging intentional military crimes against civilian life, shifting that of military justice to common justice. This shift in competence led to an interpretation that intentional crimes against civilian life committed by state soldiers would no longer be military crimes. This fact led the Association of Police Delegates (ADEPOL) to question the constitutionality of Law 9.299/96, in particular the amendments to art. 82 of the Code of Military Criminal Procedure, which made it clear that the change established in the forum did not alter the nature of military crime and, therefore, maintained the attribution of judicial police in the military sphere. The STF understood that the aforementioned article and its amendments were constitutional, however, the subject was not extinguished, the consequences of this matter reverberate until today, more than 25 years after the enactment of Law 9.299/96, where the discussion of who should conduct the police inquiry is still fierce, with inquiries being instituted both in the civil police and in the military police, when the fact involves a crime against the life of a civilian committed by a police officer.

Asphyxiophilic death due to masochistic behaviour in a video game addict teen: A case report and reviews.

The disorder of internet gaming is increasingly being blamed on major psychological problems affecting youth. Action video games are enjoyable for masochists. Video game chores that practise bondage and other acts that cause pain and anoxia may be masochistic in nature in order to promote player satisfaction. Asphyxia will result in pleasure in asphyxiophilia, a dangerous and occasionally lethal form of sexual masochism. Constriction of the neck with ligature materials is a frequent method of causing hypoxia. The subject of this case study was a compulsive player of online video games. During the masochistic act, along with a recording of it, he unintentionally died. Given that he was naked, had a ligature around his neck, had his wrists and legs bound, and had two fabric-holding clamps on his scrotum, asphyxiophilia was determined to be the cause of his death. At the scene of death, neither pornographic materials nor proof of frequent use of this kind of behaviour were discovered. Along with recording, the subject's cell phone's flash was on to help with the dim lighting and he may have been videotaping these masochistic acts as part of a videogame task. The results of the autopsy, circumstantial evidence, police inquiry and witness accounts all support accidental death.

Police inquiry as a surveillance tactic: new technologies and the criminalization of the 2013 protests

Resumo O artigo busca analisar os usos de novas tecnologias da comunicação e da informação (TICs) em inquéritos contra ativistas a partir de pesquisa sobre a criminalização de manifestantes no ciclo de protestos de 2013 em Porto Alegre. Por meio da análise de conteúdo do inquérito contra integrantes do Bloco de Lutas pelo Transporte Público, complementada por entrevistas com policiais civis, a pesquisa identifica que a narrativa policial se fundamenta em uma lógica inquisitorial, que classifica os indiciados como “lideranças” predispostas ao cometimento de delitos e vinculadas à simbologia anarquista. Do conjunto de táticas adotadas pelas forças policiais no inquérito (infiltração em eventos de protesto; estigmatização de manifestantes; coleta de depoimentos; uso de imagens; buscas e apreensões; monitoramento das redes), as TICs são operacionalizadas centralmente nas três últimas para reforçar a narrativa construída pelas fontes de informação tradicionais, tendo como principais efeitos a amplificação da visibilidade sobre os manifestantes e a busca por legitimação policial. O inquérito é centralmente mobilizado para coleta massiva de informações sobre os ativistas, constituindo-se como tática de vigilância.

Postmortem radiological imaging and autopsy of a manually strangled dog with a neck twist

• Tracheal rupture with ischemic stroke was documented in a dog abuse case. • Excessive gas buildup caused by an air hunger effect was discussed. • PMCT was more appropriate to study the subtle bone structures to diagnose fractures. • Radiological imaging assists in determining a cause and manner of death in prosecuting animal crime. Forensic imaging studies were used to supplement the postmortem examination of a poodle-type dog that died of an unknown cause in an animal crime investigation. The carcass was powdered and the neck was twisted to the left. At the death scene, the police felt crepitation while moving the carcass to the autopsy room. They wondered whether the ribs and cervical bones of the carcass had been broken. Conventional X-rays revealed air pockets along the trachea and also an abundance of air in the subcutaneous tissue and body cavities. Three-dimensional volume-rendered images created from postmortem computed tomography confirmed that the hyoid bone, cervical vertebrae, and ribs were all intact. The findings during the autopsy were focally extensive intradermal and intramuscular hemorrhages and bruises on the right side of the body, tracheal rupture, and substantial brain congestion and edema. The results of the imaging and autopsy findings referred to asphyxiation and hypoxic ischemic stroke in the manner of death caused by blunt force trauma to the neck. During the police inquiry, the accused confessed to strangling the dog with her bare hands.

RELATÓRIO DE INTELIGÊNCIA FINANCEIRA (RIF) E A APURAÇÃO DO CRIME DE LAVAGEM DE DINHEIRO NA ESFERA CASTRENSE: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A LEGITIMIDADE DO ENCARREGADO DE INQUÉRITO POLICIAL MILITAR SOLICITAR DIRETAMENTE AO CONSELHO DE CONTROLE DE ATIVIDADES FINANCEIRA

The objective of this scientific article is to analyze the legitimacy of the Officer in charge of theMilitary Police Investigation to request the Financial Intelligence Report (RIF) directly fromthe Financial Activities Control Council (COAF). For this, we sought to address the importanceof using the RIF in the definition of the investigation strategy of financial crimes, the expansionof the definition of military crime arising from Law n. 13,491/2017, which transformed, amongmany others, the crime popularly known as “money laundering” into a military crime, requiringgreater specialization of the investigative instruments used in military internal affairs. Finally,to demonstrate that the person in charge of the military police investigation and the police chiefperform similar functions in the criminal investigation, both enjoying legal attribution to usethe special instruments of criminal investigation in their investigations. This is an exploratoryresearch, of a qualitative nature and deductive method, using bibliographic and documentaryresearch. It can be seen that the traditional instruments for the production of evidence used inthe military sphere have proved to be insufficient for the investigation of the complex crimesthat currently contribute to the military internal affairs, due to the expansion of the concept ofmilitary crime, being imperative to use them in Military Police Inquiry (IPM) of specialinvestigative instruments provided for in national legislation. In this way, it is concluded thatthe Officer in charge of IPM has the legitimacy to request the RIF directly from COAF.Keywords: Financial Intelligence Report. RIF. Military Crime. Money laundry. Military PoliceInvestigation. MPI Financial Activities Control Council. COAF.

Luta agrária, jurídica e militar no norte do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil: Ações do Movimento Sem Terra (MST) na Fazenda Coqueiros, 2004-2008

The social struggle of the Landless Movement (Movimento dos Sem-terra, MST) for agrarian reform at Fazenda Coqueiros (2004-08) has become paradigmatic in southern Brazil. Based on information from local and state newspapers, police inquiries, military documents and legal files, the author concludes that the social struggle was highly judicialized and intensely criminalized in the state political sphere, to prevent Fazenda Coqueiros from being expropriated. This social struggle revealed the political organization of representatives of big land capital in Brazil, and how governors interfered to prevent the expropriation of a latifundium for social purposes, as this could have set a powerful precedent in the country. The police and regional legal operators engaged in actions of intense repression and applied exceptional legal measures.

Dying at work. Work-related suicide – how does the UK regulatory context measure up?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how work-related suicides are monitored, investigated and regulated in the UK, examining a small selection of cases and drawing on international comparison with other countries. Effective data collection and regulation are the cornerstone of suicide prevention, and this paper aims to consider whether the UK’s current regulatory framework provides an effective basis for preventing work-related suicides.Design/methodology/approachThis study draws on qualitative sociological methods and is based on an in-depth analysis of 12 suicide cases occurring between 2015 and 2020. In each case, work-related causal factors had been previously identified by at least one official source (police enquiry, coroner or employer’s investigation). This study analysed multiple sources of documentation and undertook interviews with individuals close to each suicide case. The aim of this study was to consider the organisational response of three stakeholder organisations to the suicides: the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), the coroner and the employer.FindingsThe study points to serious shortcomings in the UK’s regulatory response to work-related suicides. Suicides are currently not recorded, investigated or regulated. Whereas the fracture of an arm or leg in the workplace needs to be reported to the HSE for further investigation, a suicide occurring in the workplace or that is work-related does not need to be reported to any public agency. Employers are not required to investigate an employee suicide or make any changes to workplace policies and practices in the aftermath of a suicide. The work-related factors that may have caused one suicide may, therefore, continue to pose health and safety risks to other employees.Originality/valueWhereas some recent studies have examined work-related suicides within specific occupations in the UK, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to analyse the UK’s regulatory framework for work-related suicides. The study on which the paper is based produced a set of recommendations that were targeted at key stakeholder organisations.

BASIC MODEL FOR DIFFERENTIATION OF DOMESTIC PRE-JUDICIAL CRIMINAL LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the article are analyzed domestic, and also foreign basic models of differentiation of the pre-judicial criminal legal proceedings, a result the author comes to a conclusion that the most successful basis for differentiation of pre-judicial production is police inquiry on the basis of which the issue of an investigation form choice has to be resolved.

Confessed versus denied inflicted head injuries in infants: similarities and differences.

Abusive head injuries (AHI), and in particular shaken baby syndrome (SBS), are common causes of mortality and morbidity in infants. Although SBS is a well-established entity, based on clinical experience and experimental data, and confirmed by the perpetrators' confessions, a growing number of publications challenge the diagnostic criteria, and even the validity of the perpetrators' confession. We decided to study AHI in infants and compare cases with and without confession. We collected prospectively all cases of infantile traumatic head injuries hospitalized in our institution between 2001 and 2021. From this database, we selected victims of AHI, comparing cases for which the perpetrator confessed during police inquiry ("confession" group) versus cases without confession ("denial" group). We studied 350 cases of AHI in infants; 137 of these (39.1%) were confessed. We found no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the child's previous history, as well as the personality and previous history of the caretakers. However, the "confession" group showed significantly more severe clinical presentation, cerebral lesions, retinal hemorrhages, and a more pejorative outcome. We conclude that the diagnosis of AHI was confirmed by the confession in a large number of cases, indicating that the diagnostic criteria of AHI are robust. We also found that denial, although possibly sincere, was likely ill-founded, and that the perpetrators' decision to confess or deny was markedly influenced by the severity of the inflicted lesions.

Do what you want or what you are told?The effect of forced collaboration on governmental performance

Collaboration is an important topic in government studies but collaboration does not always produce the intended results. One of the factors differentiating collaboration between public agencies is the motivation and initial conditions of these arrangements. This paper investigates the effects of forced collaboration on police inquiries in Brazil. Using a unique dataset with all enquires conducted in 2017 and 2018, besides interviews with police chiefs, this paper indicates that inquiries demanded by an external partner have a higher rate of success but take longer to finish. Additionally, forced collaboration interacts with police chiefs’ experience to improve performance indicators. On the other hand, forced collaboration interacts with police squads/units based in state capitals, leading to worse results. This paper raises insights to discuss the effectiveness of collaboration between public agencies imposed by legislation. These forced collaborations may align government organizations, but can also compromise efficiency and create additional accountability challenges.

Smart Parking System

In the modern age, many people have vehicles. Vehicle is now a primary need. Every place is under process of urbanization. There are many supermarkets and shopping centers etc. There are many creative places where people used to go for refreshing and relaxation. All these places are full of with people so they need a parking space where people can park their vehicles safely and easily. Every parking area needs a website or system that records the detail of vehicles to give the parking facility. With the help of iot based system we can deliver a good service to users/people who wants to park their vehicles into organization’s premises. Present days in parking areas they just maintain the vehicles just with tokens and they have records of vehicle details in books so that during some critical situations like police enquiry of terrorist car or vehicle missing that case it is difficult to find the details of particular vehicle. But with our parking management system it is easy to find within 1 to 2 seconds. By parking the vehicle in public place the vehicle can be claimed by other person but in this case there is no such problem and no need to give fine for anything we can park our vehicle with securely.

Inquéritos policiais: tipos de violência contra as mulheres

Neste trabalho, de cunho descritivo-exploratório, analisamos inquéritos policiais abertos na Delegacia Especializada de Atendimento à Mulher (DEAM) de um município do Nordeste Brasileiro buscando investigar as configurações que a violência contra a mulher pode assumir. Analisamos 100 inquéritos dos anos de 2015, 2016 e 2017 (N=300). Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise textual realizada com auxílio do Software IRAMUTEQ. Em síntese, os resultados aqui encontrados mostram que não há um perfil específico da mulher vítima de violência e que seus agressores são, majoritariamente, homens conhecidos por elas. Além disso, há uma prevalência das violências psicológica e física e é possível observar uma associação entre o álcool e outras drogas e a violência por elas sofrida. Por fim, este estudo traz subsídios para maiores discussões sobre esse tema e sobre a necessidade da elaboração de métodos mais eficazes de intervenção em casos de violência contra a mulher.

Історичний розвиток адміністративно-правового забезпечення діяльності підрозділів дізнання Національної поліції України

The purpose of the study is to carry out a thorough study of the historical development of administrative and legal support for the activities of the inquiry units of the National Police of Ukraine. Methodology. The methodological toolkit was chosen taking into account the set goal, the characteristic feature of the object and subject of research. It is based on the general dialectical method of scientific knowledge of specific phenomena, as well as their links with the practical activities of the authorities of the National Police of Ukraine. These methods are comprehensively used in the systematic processing of: statistical materials based on the results of the practical activities of the inquiry units of the National Police of Ukraine; materials of operational-search cases and criminal proceedings and the like. The hysterical method was used by the authors in a thorough analysis of the formation and development of inquiry units of the National Police of Ukraine, the specifics of their activities, and the peculiarities of administrative and legal regulation in different historical periods. Science is novelty. On the basis of the study of the achievements of the subdivisions of inquiry, the sources and content of the concept of «inquiry» as one of the forms of preliminary investigation at various stages of social development are investigated. The sources were investigated, which thoroughly covered the aspects regarding the use of the term «inquiry» in law enforcement practice. It has been established that this period at the legislative level and in literary sources for a long time underwent transformations in terms of its functional direction. Investigations at an early stage of development are characterized and compared with the modern form of pre-trial investigation. It has been established that such a feature as the presence of a simplified procedure is inherent in inquiry at all stages of its development. It is proved that the modern model of pre-trial investigation quite successfully reflects the positive historical experience and legal thought, and a balanced approach is applied to differentiate the forms of pre-trial investigation. The article states that the inquiry was perceived as a manifestation of signs of a crime and the conduct of initial measures to search for the perpetrators, as well as the study of all the circumstances of the commission of crimes, and then the inquiry in a number of cases was cited as a separate type of investigation. Conclusions. The authors in administrative and legal science reveal the history of the emergence, formation and development of inquiry units of the National Police of Ukraine, which went through three main stages: preliminary inquiry of the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. (1964–1917) period of the Soviet era (1917–1991) pre-trial investigation of independent Ukraine (from 1991 to the present). It has been substantiated that the modern model of inquiry quite successfully reflects the positive historical experience and legal thought. The key differences between the inquiry at an early stage of its emergence from the modern form of pre-trial investigation are highlighted: firstly, now the inquiry continues from the moment the fact of the unlawful act is revealed until the end of the pre-trial investigation; secondly, in the XVIII–XIX centuries. the inquiry did not have a clearly defined procedural form and was not limited to specific terms and almost completely depended on the inner conviction of the person, it was carried out; thirdly, in the legislation of the pre-revolutionary period, a wide range of authorized persons (police officers, military and civilian authorities, clergy, officials, village heads and others) had the right to conduct inquiries, while now inquiries are carried out by interrogators, that is, officials of the inquiry unit of the National the police, the security body, the body exercising control over the observance of tax legislation, the body of the State Bureau of Investigation, in cases established by the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, authorized persons of another subdivision of these bodies authorized, within the competence provided for by the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, to carry out pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses; fourthly, the then inquiry was carried out on all crimes without exception, despite the gravity of the crime. In current conditions, inquiries are carried out exclusively for criminal offenses, that is, minor crimes. However, all the above differences have a common feature inherent in inquiry at all stages of its development – the presence of a simplified procedure. Keywords: police; national police; police inquiry; investigator interaction; typical investigative situations; patterns of organization and planning of the investigation; investigative versions.