Police Law Enforcement Research Articles

Influencing on police-community relations: an empirical study based on the OIC three-dimensional model

The establishment of harmonious police-community relations is a important factor in advancing the modernization of public security endeavors, linked to the exercise of authority, value orientations, and the core mission of law enforcement agencies. The OIC model considers police professional prestige, image, and credibility. Utilizing the OIC three-dimensional model as a foundation, this study examines the intricate mechanisms and explanatory frameworks underlying the relationship between police professional prestige, police image, police law enforcement credibility, and police-community relations. This study surveyed police officers and citizens in X city. Through a comprehensive questionnaire survey and rigorous data analysis, the study reveals several noteworthy findings: (1) police professional prestige has a significant positive predictive effect on police-community relations; (2) police image plays a partially mediating role between police professional prestige and police-community relations; (3) police law enforcement credibility plays a partially mediating role between police professional prestige and police-community relations; (4) police image and police law enforcement credibility can play a chain mediating role between police professional prestige and police-community relations; (5)police image and police law enforcement credibility jointly play a sequential mediating role, bridging the gap between police professional prestige and police-community relations. Based on the OIC three-dimensional model, the study proposes feasible countermeasures and theoretical references for closer police-community relations from the aspects of comprehensive cognition, objective reality and mediated communication.

Shia paramilitary groups as an instrument of Iranian influence in Iraq

Characteristic features of the pro-Iranian Shiite armed groups, which act as influential non-state actors (NGA) in the main spheres of activity of the Iraqi state, are studied. Methodological developments obtained as a result of research on the NGA problem are used. V.V. Naumkin and V.A. Kuznetsov note the existence of a stable academic tradition of a state-centered approach to the problem of their typologization. This approach is based on the fact that an NGA defines and builds its actions, focusing to one degree or another on the state. Such formations have a political wing and a bureaucratic apparatus for participating in the life of the state not only as alternative to the army and police law enforcement agencies. They also play the role of parliamentary forces and economic actors, including those active in the shadow sector of the economy. Created at one time with the active participation of the Iranian special services, Shiite paramilitary groups have become an effective instrument of Iran’s influence in the country. The strengthening of their influence on the government of Iraq is noted. It is manifested in the transition from opposition to the pro-American Prime Minister M. al-Kazimi (2020–2022) to a kind of «symphony» of harmony and cooperation under his pro-Iranian successor M. al-Sudani. This factor affects not only the domestic political situation, but also the regional balance of power in the Middle East.

Construction of a police physical evaluation model and standards based on law enforcement ability.

Purpose: In the context of police practical combat with the essence of coercion and confrontation, police physical fitness training guided by practical combat is increasingly valued. The objective of this study was to establish a police physical evaluation model and standards based on law enforcement ability. Methods: Using literature analysis, expert interviews, Delphi method, field testing, and mathematical statistics, the test results of 301 frontline law enforcement police officers from the Shanghai Public Security Bureau were used as sample data. Factor analysis was conducted on the selected indicators to determine the final indicator system for police physical fitness. The percentile method was used to develop evaluation standards, and frequency statistics and chi-squared tests were used to calculate the effectiveness and accuracy of the evaluation standards. Results: The research results revealed that the police physical fitness evaluation model based on law enforcement ability is Y = 0.115 × 30s of trigger pulling according to the gun + 0.105 × 30s of straight punching sandbags + 0.095 × 30s of wrestling the dummy + 0.062 × push-ups + 0.115 × 50-m run + 0.095 × 10m × 4 round trips + 0.116 × standing long jump + 0.090 × 2,000-m run + 0.089 × 30s of hitting sandbags using a short baton + 0.118 × 30s of poking sandbags using the long baton. The evaluation criteria were divided into single-item and comprehensive evaluation criteria. Conclusion: A practical police physical fitness evaluation model can effectively evaluate the level of police physical fitness development, and the evaluation standards can provide an effective basis for a practical police physical fitness evaluation.

IMPLEMENTASI PASAL 76 HURUF I UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 35 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN ANAK

This research aims to determine the implementation of Article 76 Letter I of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, and also to determine the factors that cause child exploitation in Gorontalo City. The research method used in this writing is empirical normative legal research with a descriptive approach to provide researched data about people, conditions or other symptoms. Data collection techniques were obtained from observations, interviews, and documentation conducted by researchers. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of Law Number 35 of 2014 has not gone as expected. Meanwhile, the child protection law was created with the aim of ensuring that children's rights are fulfilled, so that they can live, grow and develop, and receive protection from violence and discrimination. Factors influencing the implementation of Law Number 35 of 2014 are the weak implementation of the regulations that have been established and the lack of involvement of relevant agencies in dealing with street children as well as the lack of cooperation between agencies and law enforcement Police Units (Satpol) in collecting beggars in the field. and there is no specific Regional Regulation (Perda) that regulates beggars and homeless people.

Peran Kepolisian Daerah Jawa Tengah Dalam Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Judi Online

Information technology that is developing faster and faster encourages various aspects to develop as well, including crime. One of the crimes that follows the development of technology is gambling, in the past gambling was done conventionally in casinos or in stalls, now gambling can be done via the internet or what we often know as online gambling. This research aims to find out the efforts of the police in law enforcement against online gambling crimes and understand the procedures for handling cases of online gambling crimes at the Central Java Regional Police. This research is an empirical legal research using a legal sociological approach. The results of the study explain that in efforts to enforce the law on online gambling crime, the police apply preventive efforts through socialization, patrols in cyberspace, and cooperation with the Ministry of Communication and Information. Apart from preventive efforts, the police also apply repressive efforts with investigations and investigations. In this law enforcement effort, there are several inhibiting factors, including the lack of complete facilities and infrastructure and the vulnerability of securing evidence. The procedure for handling online gambling crimes is in accordance with the SOP, which includes police reports, investigations, investigations, arrests, searches, seizures, examinations, filing and the last is the submission of case files and defendants along with evidence to the public prosecutor.

Reflections on Police Law Enforcement and Civil Rights Protection based on Constitutional Perspective

How to better protect the basic rights of citizens in today's era has increasingly become the focus of attention. In order to guarantee that citizens' rights are not violated in the process of police law enforcement, the police should cultivate constitutional thinking and rule of law thinking, to ensure that the exercise of power abides by the boundaries of the constitution, and to fully protect the constitutional rights of citizens is the effective way to solve the conflict between state power and citizens' rights.

Penegakan Hukum Kepolisian dalam Pengungkapan Tindak Pidana Narkotika dengan Teknik Undercover Buy (Polres Kolaka Utara)

This study aims to determine Police Law Enforcement in Disclosing Narcotics Crimes Using the Undercover Buy Technique at North Kolaka Police Station. The formulation of the problem posed is: What are the legal strengths and consequences for undercover buys made by non-Police members (informants)? and What are the obstacle factors in uncovering narcotics crimes with the Undercover Buy Technique?. The type of research used by the author in the preparation of this thesis final project is research that uses empirical research methods. The empirical legal research method is a legal research method that functions to see the law in a real sense and research how the law works in society. Covert Purchase as stipulated in Law No. 22 of 1997 which has been changed to Law No. 35 of 2009 is an addition to the investigator's authority in efforts to eradicate narcotics trafficking. This is because narcotics crimes are organized, secret crimes, and in practice they use sophisticated modus operandi and technology, making it difficult to collect evidence. Unlike other criminal acts, the implementation of covert purchases in narcotics crimes is not contrary to human rights if carried out in accordance with applicable regulations. However, it will be different if it is not implemented in accordance with applicable regulations. This is because the implementation of covert purchases cannot be separated from the participation of the community, so that the rights of the people who participate must be protected. In order to reduce errors and the implementation of covert purchases, it is necessary to know and understand clearly by investigators regarding the implementation of covert purchases themselves as stipulated in Law No. 35 of 2009. 
 Keywords: Law Enforcement, Narcotics, Undercover Buy

Restorative Justice: An Approach in the Settlement of Land Crimes in the Indonesian National Police

This study examines the use of restorative justice in dealing with land crimes at Police level. Land disputes that were originally civil often turn criminal. Various crimes on land are often under the jurisdiction of the South Sulawesi Regional Police. This study aims to identify and analyze the approach of restorative justice in solving land crimes as a police discretion and the implementation of restorative justice in solving land crimes by Indonesian National Police investigators. The restorative justice approach is part of the Polices discretion to deal with land crimes. The discretion given to police organizations cannot be separated from the universal nature of police law enforcement. This approach empowers the police to explore community values in solving land crimes through restorative justice. Among other things the negotiation of peace between victims and perpetrators of crimes on earth. The application of restorative justice in dealing with crimes on land is carried out through discussions between the complainant and the reported mediated by Indonesian National Police investigators. Afterwards the record of the peace agreement was signed and the report to the police station was cancelled. The application of restorative justice to land crimes aims to restore social cohesion in society. Cohesive values of unity become fragile when legal issues are passed over to pro-justice.

Optimizing The Culture Of Discipline Of Polri Members Based On Pp No 2 Of 2003 To Realize Professionalism

According to Law no. 2 of 2002 concerning safeguarding security and providing community services, protection, protection, and services to the community. This will not be realized if it is not carried out with the discipline of the members of the Police. Deviations in the behavior of Polri members are a violation of the disciplinary regulations of the Polri as stipulated in PP No. 2 of 2003 concerning Disciplinary Regulations for Polri Members. The purpose of writing this journal is the implementation of the implementation of disciplinary law enforcement for members of the Police through disciplinary hearings of the Police, knowing the implementation in the Police disciplinary hearings in realizing a disciplined Police and analyzing optimizing the functions of Police law enforcement in the implementation of disciplinary hearings in order to create a disciplined National Police. It is known that the implementation of disciplinary law enforcement for Polri members through Polri disciplinary hearings is the responsibility of Polri members who violate the law within the corridors of Polri's disciplinary law or violations of the code of ethics, the violation is internally institutional, namely through the trial session and the session of the Professional Code of Ethics Commission. Obstacles in the implementation of the Police disciplinary hearings are changes to the internal legal rules within the National Police, such as the National Police Chief Regulation No. 14 of 2011 concerning the Professional Code of Ethics, previously there were two National Police Chief Regulations governing the same thing, namely the National Police Chief Decree No. Pol: KEP/32 / VII/2003 and Regulation of the Chief of Police, Regulation of the Chief of Police Number 7 of 2006. The new regulation on the Code of Ethics for the Police Profession does not provide sufficient explanation. As a result of regulations that have multiple interpretations, each party will have different controls, so that it can open up opportunities for law enforcement to occur which ultimately creates legal uncertainty

PERAN KEPOLISIAN DALAM PENINDAKAN KEJAHATAN LINTAS NEGARA DI KAWASAN PERBATASAN INDONESIA-MALAYSIA

Circulation of narcotics becomes more challenging in the border areas between two countries. In transnational crimes narcotics smuggling is a serious threat to global security. This study aims to determine the actions taken by the Indonesian police in law enforcement and eradicating narcotics smuggling in the border areas of North Kalimantan. This research uses qualitative approach method through interviews with key informants, observations, and supported by literature studies. The data analysis technique uses the opinion of Miles Huberman and Saldana (2014) through stages; data compaction, data presentation (data display), and drawing conclusions or verification (conclusion drawing and verification). Data compaction refers to the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting, and transforming data. In depth, this study will discuss the findings of 47 kilograms of drugs smuggled through the Tawau (Malaysia) border through Sebatik (Indonesia). Furthermore, this research is expected to be a pilot in securing other border areas in Indonesia.

О причинах наделения органа дознания непроцессуальными полномочиями полицейского характера

Introduction: the transformation of the pre-trial proceedings system predicted recently can be planned after a proper assessment of the available organizational and legal resources, a genuine understanding of their role and potential in solving various tasks of combating crime. In this regard, the purpose of the paper is to determine the essence of the bodies of inquiry in the general system of the criminal procedure regulation and to identify the reasons for their being given a number of police powers: to carry out the actual attachment of a person, to conduct operational investigative measures, in particular, the search for the accused. Methods: the methodological framework for the paper consists of general scientific (dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, logical, etc.) and specific scientific (formal-legal, comparativelegal, historical-legal, prognostic, etc.) research methods. The results of the study allow revealing the main reason that has influenced the mixing of procedural and non-procedural (police) powers of the bodies of inquiry – an inadequate assessment by the legislator of the results of the gradual giving the sort of police law enforcement agencies some judicial and investigative powers. Conclusions: investigative or judicial orders on carrying out operational-search and administrative-legal measures should be addressed not to the body of inquiry as a subject of the criminal procedural regulation, but to the police and other sort of police bodies given the required state authority.

Police Chief Perceptions of Officer Physical Fitness and Barriers to Better Fitness

Maintaining fitness and a healthy bodyweight can enhance police officer safety, de-escalation, and subsequently survivability in addition to overall health and wellness. Within a law enforcement agency, it can be difficult to implement a health and wellness program without the support of the police chief and command staff. However, support for health and wellness programs and the perceived impact on the job by law enforcement police chiefs is not well known. This article analyzes police chiefs’ perspectives on police officer physical fitness and bodyweight, and their impact on multiple aspects of the job, as well as barriers to implementing health and wellness programs. A survey of 425 Texas police chiefs indicated 99.5% of respondents believed it was important or somewhat important for officers to be at a healthy bodyweight. The top potential barriers to officers’ physical fitness represented by police chiefs were individual unwillingness and laziness. A more thorough understanding of perceptions and beliefs by law enforcement leadership can help enhance the alignment of programs, impact habits, and ultimately influence daily choices that officers make. These perceptions can also assist in the development of programs to further support officer readiness, safety, and survivability, as well as overall health.

Peran Kepolisian dalam Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Penyelundupan Impor Pakaian Bekas di Kepolisian Daerah Sumatera Utara

The purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze the rule of law, the role of the police in law enforcement and the obstacles faced by the police in law enforcement of the criminal act of smuggling used clothing imports in the North Sumatra Region. The research method used is the normative juridical method and the nature of the descriptive analysis of the analyst. The results of the study indicate that the legal rules regarding the criminal act of importing used clothing are regulated in Law no. 7 of 2014 concerning Trade, Law no. 17 of 2006 concerning amendments to the Customs Law, and Regulation of the Minister of Trade No.51/M-DAG/PER/7/2015 concerning the Prohibition of the Import of Used Clothing. The role of the Police is that the North Sumatran Police cooperate with customs officials and examine documents or completeness of permits for the movement of goods, in this case used clothes from abroad, which will be delivered to the city of Padang via Tanjung Balai waters. The obstacle faced in law enforcement is where the North Sumatra Police personnel are negligent in carrying out their duties. The North Sumatra Police's facilities and infrastructure have no obstacles, because the facilities and infrastructure are complete, the community factor where many people still don't report to law enforcement officials regarding the entry of used clothes into Indonesia, especially North Sumatra and cultural factors where people feel comfortable selling used clothes.

The Relationship between Personality Traits and the Effectiveness of Guardian Law Enforcement Training

ABSTRACT In recent years, there have been efforts to enhance traditional warrior-oriented police academy training with guardian law enforcement curricula that include a focus on building skills related to empathy, respect, and understanding in police-community interactions. Little is known about how officer characteristics influence training effects. Of particular importance, prior studies have not examined the role of personality traits on elements of police law enforcement training that focus on empathy in police-community interactions. This study used a pre-post survey design to examine the relationship between personality traits and police training effects among new recruits in an evaluation of guardian training at the Basic Law Enforcement Academy (BLEA) in Washington State (n = 344). Results indicate that personality traits associated with lack of empathy, as measured by the Self-Report Psychopathy-Short Form (SRP-SF), moderate the effects of training on negative police subculture and guardianship-empathy, with recruits scoring higher on the SRP-SF demonstrating less change (e.g., training effects) within these domains. Implications for police training and discussion of the assessment of personality traits in pre-employment police candidate screening are discussed.

The Role Of The Medan Police In Law Enforcement Of Criminal Acts Of Narcotics

Narcotics are needed by humans for treatment so that to meet the needs in the field of medicine and scientific studies, a continuous production of narcotics is needed for these sufferers. On the basis of considering Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, it is stated that narcotics on the one hand are drugs or materials that are useful in the field of treatment or health services and the development of science and on the other hand can also cause dependence which is very detrimental if misused or used without strict control and supervision. The problem in this research is how to tackle and eradicate narcotics crime? What are the efforts of the Medan Police in overcoming and eradicating narcotics crimes? What are the Obstacles in the Countermeasures and Eradication of Narcotics Crimes at the Medan Police? This research is descriptive in nature, which aims to describe exactly what the characteristics of an individual, condition, symptom, or group are, or to determine the spread of a symptom, or to determine whether there is a relationship between a symptom and other symptoms in society. Efforts to overcome and eradicate narcotics crimes within the jurisdiction of the Medan City Police are carried out through non-penal policies and penal policies. Non-penal policies are carried out through preventive and preemptive measures which are implemented through counseling, narcotics safaris, distribution of pamphlets and billboards as well as approaches to traditional and religious leaders as well as community development. This approach was carried out by the Medan City Police Resort in collaboration with BNN and experts through the perspectives of cultural anthropology, sociology, communication, psychology, healthy life education (public health science). The non-penal policy is aimed at children (including school-age youth) and the general public. Penal policies through law enforcement are also applied to police officers who make mistakes in disclosing narcotics cases. Obstacles in overcoming and eradicating narcotics crime in the jurisdiction of the Medan City Police Resort can be viewed from legal factors, law enforcement factors, facilities and facilities in law enforcement, community factors and cultural factors. In general, Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics is more comprehensive in regulating the actions that can be taken to uncover narcotics networks. factors of facilities and facilities in law enforcement, community factors and cultural factors. In general, Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics is more comprehensive in regulating the actions that can be taken to uncover narcotics networks. factors of facilities and facilities in law enforcement, community factors and cultural factors. In general, Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics is more comprehensive in regulating the actions that can be taken to uncover narcotics networks.

Analysis of Causes and Countermeasures of Injuries and Deaths in Public Security Police’s Enforcement Process

Under the normal state of the new market economy, the increasingly complex and severe social security situation has continuously increased the number of casualties of the police in law enforcement, but also threatened the lives of ordinary people. The public security police shoulder the important mission of maintaining national security and social order. The continuous increase in the number of casualties is not conducive to the realization of the development goal of national stability to a certain extent. For this reason, this article mainly systematically analyzes the causes of casualties in the law enforcement process of the public security police. In-depth discussions on effective countermeasures were carried out to promote the safe operation of the country and society while reducing the number of casualties.

Penegakan Hukum oleh Kepolisian Resor Langkat terhadap Pembalakan Liar (Illegal Logging) di Wilayah Hukum Polres Langkat

Human activities that cause environmental damage, one of which is illegal logging or illegal logging, which is an act of exploitation by humans on forests, causing damage to forest ecosystems. This study aims to determine the factors that cause illegal logging in the Langkat Police jurisdiction and the policies carried out by the Police in law enforcement against illegal logging in the Langkat Police jurisdiction. The research method used is descriptive method, using qualitative descriptive data analysis techniques. The results showed that the factors that caused illegal logging in Langkat Regency were internal factors, consisting of economic factors and the lack of public awareness of the environment, and external factors, consisting of high wood prices, high wood demand, weak supervision, law enforcement is not strict. The policies carried out by the Langkat Police in law enforcement against the crime of illegal logging consist of penal policies, namely reporting illegal logging, following up on illegal logging, going to illegal logging locations, securing evidence, catching illegal timber trucks. Non-penal policies include socializing the prohibition of illegal logging, increasing community participation, supervising timber trucks, examining suspects, developing cases, and transferring files.

Peranan Kepolisian Resor Tebing Tinggi Dalam Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Ujaran Kebencian Di Media Sosial

The presence of such sophisticated information technology has given a new nuance by touching almost all aspects of life. Technology has made it easy for people to carry out daily activities to meet their needs, as well as facilitate interaction between human beings wherever they are. This research is a normative juridical research that uses a literature study and field study approach. The data collection tool used in this study used the interview method. Interviews were conducted on informants or investigators at the Tebing Tinggi Resort Police. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that the role of the police in law enforcement against hate speech crimes on social media as regulated in Law no. 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE) and Law no. 2 of 2002 concerning the Indonesian National Police. The role of the police includes receiving reports or complaints about the occurrence of an event that is reasonably suspected of being a criminal act; it is obliged to immediately carry out the necessary investigative actions; As an investigator who knows, receives a report or complaint about the occurrence of an event that is reasonably suspected to be a criminal act, he is obliged to immediately carry out the necessary investigative actions and find and collect evidence so that the case becomes clear so that the suspect can be found.

Kewenangan Kepolisian Daerah Bali dalam Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Aksi Unjuk Rasa yang Anarkis

Freedom of expression in public is the right of every citizen which is protected by law. There are several principles that must be followed in expressing opinions in public, namely the principle of balancing rights and obligations, deliberation and consensus, legal certainty and justice, proportionality, and benefits. However, the fact is that demonstrations are often carried out in an anarchic manner. The purpose of this study is to determine the authority of the Bali police in law enforcement against anarchic demonstrations, and to find out the obstacles faced by the Balinese police in dealing with demonstrations. This study uses empirical legal research because of the gap between theory and reality. The results of the research that the authority of the Bali Regional Police in law enforcement against anarchist demonstrations refers to Law/8/1998 and the National Police Chief Regulation No. Pol. 16 of 2006, as well as Protap No. PROTAP/1/X/2010. Barriers to the Bali Police in dealing with anarchic demonstrations are divided into internal inhibiting factors such as knowledge, emotions, and delays in information. The external such as no permission to protest, influenced by alcohol. To the public, to always comply with the laws and regulations in terms of demonstrations.

Of Cops and “Karens”: Language and the Bureaucratic Arm of Policing

This essay considers how racial paradigms in the United States produce white subjectivity as part of a broader structure of policing Blackness that becomes bureaucratically encoded through law enforcement agents and their discursive practices. Given this, it is not unexpected that the figure of the “Karen” and agents of law enforcement police similar behaviors and figures, given they embody the same ethos of white supremacy, differentiated largely by virtue of the bureaucratic structures in place to direct, reproduce, and legitimate anti‐Blackness within an institutional framework.