Police Efforts Research Articles

Summaries

Summaries

Nowhere to Hide? Global Policing and the Politics of Extradition

Abstract Global policing efforts go far beyond combatting terrorism. The United States has tracked down war criminals in the former Yugoslavia, prosecuted Mexican drug kingpins in U.S. courts, transferred a Congolese warlord to the International Criminal Court, and even invaded foreign countries to apprehend wanted suspects. Likewise, Chinese police and intelligence forces crisscross the globe engaging in surveillance, abductions, and forced repatriations. But global policing activities are hard to study because they tend to occur “in the shadows.” Extradition treaties—agreements that facilitate the formal surrender of wanted fugitives from one country to another—represent a unique part of the global policing architecture that is directly observable. An original dataset of every extradition treaty that the United States has signed since its independence shows that extradition cooperation is not an automatic response to the globalization of crime. Instead, it is an extension of geopolitical competition. Geopolitical concerns are crucial because many states try to weaponize extradition treaties to target their political opponents living abroad, not just common criminals. Future research should reconceptualize the role of individuals in international security because many governments believe that a single person—whether a dissident, a rebel, or a terrorist—can imperil their national security.

The Rise of the Airport Metal Detector: Colorblind Racism, Police Discretion, and Surveillance Across Borders

Metal detectors became ubiquitous throughout the United States after their use in airports during the late-1960s and early 1970s when they were installed to address hijackings. While earlier perceptions of the technology’s invasiveness prevented the metal detector’s deployment in the United States beyond jails and prisons, security officials came to identify the device as a means to address the carceral-security state’s legitimacy crises and square mass surveillance with demands for civil and political rights. Those designing and implementing the first airport security program understood hijackings as elements of global rebellions against U.S. empire and drew from policing efforts at home and abroad in their efforts to securitize airports. Officials and courts argued that the universality and objectivity of the machine that determined potential danger solely through the presence of metal removed individual police discretion and was thus race-neutral. Claims of the technology’s novelty not only obscured its carceral and counterinsurgent origins but helped propel the metal detector’s deployment to new spaces including public schools and workplaces. The metal detector reproduced existing class and racial hierarchies and strengthened police discretionary authority.

The Role And Strategy Of The Traffic Police Of The Central Java Police To Reduce The Number Of Accidents

Traffic problems are a problem that often gets the public's attention, because traffic has a very strategic role in supporting development and national integration as an effort to promote public welfare, as mandated in the 1945 Constitution which is part of the national transportation system. The formulation of the problem is what is the definition and form of traffic violations? What are the factors that cause people to violate traffic? What is the role and strategy of the Traffic Police of the Central Java Police in reducing the number of accidents? The type of research used is empirical juridical research or field research, namely examining applicable legal provisions and what is happening in reality in society. Or in other words, a research conducted on the actual situation or real conditions that occur in the community with the intention of knowing and finding the facts and data needed. The conclusion is the role and strategy of the Ditlantas Polda Central Java in reducing the number of traffic accidents includes pre-emptive efforts which are basically in the form of coaching, education on positive activities and socialization about traffic safety for the community, Implementing preventive efforts in the form of controlling, regulating traffic , and monitoring accident-prone lanes, and collaborating with relevant stakeholders such as the Department of Transportation, the TNI, and the Satlantas Polres from the Central Java Regional Police and repressive efforts, namely by enforcing the law for traffic violators in the form of warnings, tickets, fines and confiscation,

Police Efforts in Commanding Drug Criminal Actions in The Muslim Community

This study aims to comprehensively describe the role of the Police in tackling drug crimes in Muslim communities. The research used is juridical empirical. This research is descriptive analysis, namely research that aims to clearly and accurately describe the things in question; then the problems are analyzed based on legal theories or applicable laws and regulations to obtain accountable answers. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the role of the Police in tackling drug crimes in Muslim society is the role of preventing, the role of law enforcement and the role in conducting therapy and rehabilitation for narcotics crimes. The efforts made by the Police to tackle drug crimes in Muslim communities are using pre-emptive and preventive methods. Pre-Emtif Effort is a policy that looks at the root causes of crime through a social approach, a situational approach and a community approach to eliminate the elements of potential disturbances. At the same time, preventive efforts are preventing the community so as not to abuse narcotics.Penelitian ini bertujuan mendiskripsikan secara komprehensip peranan kepolisian dalam menanggulangi tindak pidana narkoba di Masyarakat Muslim. Penelitian ini mengunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris yang bersifat deskriptif analisis, yakni penelitian yang bertujuan untuk dapat menggambarkan dan mendeskripsikan secara jelas dan cermat hal-hal yang dipersoalkan, kemudian permasalahan tersebut dianalisis berdasarkan teori-teori hukum atau peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku guna memperoleh jawaban yang dapat dipertanggung jawabkan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan Peranan kepolisian dalam rangka menanggulangi tindak pidana narkoba di masyarakat muslim yaitu peranan dalam melakukan pencegahan, peranan melakukan penegakan hukum dan peranan dalam melakukan terapi dan rehabilitasi terhadap tindak pidana narkotika. Adapun upaya yang di lakukan Kepolisian untuk menangulangi tindak pidana narkoba di Masyarakat Muslim yaitu dengan cara Pre-Emtif dan preventif. Upaya Pre-Emtif adalah kebijakan yang melihat akar masalah utama penyebab terjadinya kejahatan melalui pendekatan sosial, pendekatan situasional dan pendekatan kemasyarakatan untuk menghilangkan unsur potensi gangguan yang terjadi. Sedangkan upaya preventif adalah pencegahan terhadap masyarakat agar tidak melakukan penyalahgunaan narkotika.

Faktor Keterbatasan Polisi Dalam Melakukan Penyidikan Tindak Pidana Penyebaran Berita Bohong Di Media Oline

Law No. 2 of 2002 concerning the Indonesian State Police which contains all regulations and understandings regarding the police, and the procedures of a police officer carrying out their duties. Hoax news or hoaxes are news that is manipulated, reduced or added to obscuring the true meaning of a particular information and news, lately fake news often spreads and increasingly unsettling the public because it is difficult to identify the news. This research is normative juridical research with a case approach. The results of research and discussion show that the limitations of the police in investigating the crime of spreading false news in online media are the legal factor itself is the regulation of invitations that have not been applied effectively, then the factor of inadequate facilities or facilities, community factors that tend to be dependent on social media. While the police's efforts in countering the criminal act of spreading fake news consist of three points, namely pre-emtive, preventive, repressive.

Imagining Digital Data: Policing and Social Media Intelligence

Our assumptions, beliefs and expectations about digital data shape how we use them to govern organizations and societal affairs. In this article, we conceptualise the role of digital data through the concept of digital imaginaries. Building on studies of policing and digital media, we develop a framework for examining the use of digital imaginaries in contemporary policing efforts. We draw on documentary research on Europol and demonstrate how digital imaginaries are put to work in transnational policing. We identify the articulation of two main digital imaginaries: (i) an imaginary of agency, and (ii) an imaginary of prophetic data. We show how such digital imaginaries operate as tools that can be wielded for good or for evil, and we discuss their underlying assumptions around human agency as well as the politics of platform technology and temporality in policing.

Event-level prediction of urban crime reveals a signature of enforcement bias in US cities.

Policing efforts to thwart crime typically rely on criminal infraction reports, which implicitly manifest a complex relationship between crime, policing and society. As a result, crime prediction and predictive policing have stirred controversy, with the latest artificial intelligence-based algorithms producing limited insight into the social system of crime. Here we show that, while predictive models may enhance state power through criminal surveillance, they also enable surveillance of the state by tracing systemic biases in crime enforcement. We introduce a stochastic inference algorithm that forecasts crime by learning spatio-temporal dependencies from event reports, with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of ~90% in Chicago for crimes predicted per week within ~1,000 ft. Such predictions enable us to study perturbations of crime patterns that suggest that the response to increased crime is biased by neighbourhood socio-economic status, draining policy resources from socio-economically disadvantaged areas, as demonstrated in eight major US cities.

New Zealand’s Policing Efforts in the Pacific: Gender Programs, Practices, and Performances

Research increasingly identifies gender equality as being vital for the achievement of lasting peace and prosperity. New Zealand Police have delivered a range of capacity-building projects and programs in Pacific Island countries over many years. In this article, we examine the gendered impact of two such programs and consider how they have been delivered by New Zealand’s police officers. Although specific gender-focused programs helpfully prioritize gender, they can also unhelpfully create silos; however, gender-focused programs are likely to be most impactful when combined with certain practices and performances of gender. Drawing on observational research, we suggest that some male police personnel operating in communities may have significant gendered impacts by role modeling a form of “caring masculinities.” The demonstration of caring values by men potentially constitutes a vital contribution toward achieving deeper and broader structural change in the gender space. Practices and performances of gender should be elevated and evaluated alongside targeted program goals.

Police Efforts in Combating and Preventing Illegal Racing Among Youth

The objectives of this research are; (1) To find out the factors that cause illegal racing activities in Soppeng Regency; (2) To find out the efforts made by the police in the jurisdiction of the Soppeng Police in preventing and overcoming illegal racing; (3) To find out the obstacles faced by the Soppeng Police in preventing and dealing with illegal racing. This research uses a normative approach and a sociological approach. The samples in this study were the Head of the Soppeng Police Traffic Unit and 2 members of the Soppeng Police Traffic Unit in charge of traffic patrol issues. This study uses interviews and observations in collecting data. The results showed that the factors causing the occurrence of illegal racing among teenagers were; (1) Low understanding of norms prevailing in society; (2) lack of supervision and environmental care; (3) alternative entertainment; (4) as a means of self-actualization and means of socializing; (5) As a show off (6) to create happiness; (7) As a means of self-actualization. Meanwhile, the obstacles faced in dealing with illegal racing among teenagers; (1) Lack of personnel; (2) Increasing illegal racing by teenagers; (3) Facilities and Infrastructure; (4) Lack of community support. Meanwhile, the efforts made in dealing with illegal racing among teenagers; (1) Increase patrol activities in places that are considered prone to illegal racing; (2) Routine inspection of motorized vehicles; (3) Conduct socialization and counselling, especially in schools.

Assembling Transnational Policing: Europol’s Anticipatory Governance

ABSTRACT Building on studies of transnational policing, security and digitization, we develop an assemblage-theoretical framework to explore perceptions of time in contemporary policing efforts. We use the concepts of techno imaginaries and policing assemblage to examine the articulation of temporality and multi-scalar connections between humans and non-humans in policing, which has become increasingly pluralised and digitised. We draw on documentary research on Europol to analyse anticipatory governance in transnational police work, including the linkages between humans and machines and identify a shift from post-crime towards pre-crime interventions. We critically discuss the significance of this shift for the character and robustness of expected future risks and threat assessments. Our reflections on the interplay between time and techno imaginaries contribute to critical analyses of the ways in which decision-making and interventions shape and are shaped by transnational assemblages in anticipatory governance.

Divergent perspectives: autistic adults' perceptions of the police

PurposeMuch of the current criminological research regarding police and the autistic community focuses on police training for interacting with autistic individuals or the experiences, fears and perceptions of parents or caregivers. Largely absent from the criminological research are the opinions and perceptions of autistic adults. The purpose of the paper is to examine perceptions of the police and police-led initiatives among these individuals.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyze data from 121 autistic adults regarding their perceptions of the police and police-led autism awareness efforts using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. Variables of interest include perceptions of procedural justice, police treatment of autistic individuals, fear of interacting with police and perceptions of police autism awareness campaigns.FindingsFindings indicate that autistic respondents vary in perceptions of the police. Prior negative experiences with police have a stronger influence on perceptions than do positive experiences. Support for awareness campaigns is also varied.Originality/valueDespite high-profile police incidents involving autistic individuals, there have been no empirical examinations of autistic adults' global perceptions of the police or police-led autism awareness campaigns. The current study addresses that oversight by directly examining autistic adults' perceptions. The approach is particularly salient given the ongoing police public scrutiny surrounding officer interactions with individuals from special populations, which is largely uninformed by research centering the voices of impacted individuals.

Police and the Pandemic Response in India—Findings from Kerala

Abstract The spread of COVID-19 is a challenge the likes of which the world has not witnessed in recent times. Response to the pandemic has both medical and non-medical facets. The non-medical response includes measures such as social distancing, quarantine, and lockdown. The police have a significant role in the implementation of these measures. Using time-series analyses, the data from one district and the state of Kerala were examined to ascertain whether the police efforts had an impact on the spread of the disease. The study concludes that the interventions by the police had a significant effect in reducing the spread of the disease.

Gender, Conflict and Peace-Building in Africa: A Comparative Historical Review of Zulu and Igbo Women in Crisis Management

The male gender has often dominated the quest for societal security. Analysis and studies on security management and peace-building tend to advance the role of the male folk more than their female counterparts. This study traced the role of historic Zulu women in societal security management and compared it to the Aba Women's War that is popularly referred to as the Aba women riot. The study used the African developmental feminism theory to anchor its analysis. It maintained that these women rose at critical times to challenge the forces that planted insecurity in their societies. It found that they engaged in both strategic and reactive peace-building. The study also reveals the similarities and differences in Zulu and Igbo women intervention in conflict and security management. Finally, the researchers recommended considering the widespread nature of insecurity in many remote parts of Africa that have consistently led to the death of women and children. There should be a re-awakening of female security regiments in many African societies, and they should be trained to secure their lives and properties through community policing efforts.

Static or dynamic? Characterize and forecast the evolution of urban crime distribution

Despite the considerable deployed resources, current policing efforts are failing to stop crimes before they start, and therefore, also failing to adequately protect lives and property. To promote the intelligent transformation from reactive to proactive policing, this study proposed a hierarchical crime prediction framework. First, the temporal dependency in the frequency domain was decomposed and a network constructed to capture the spatial relationships within the sub-frequencies. Human mobility in a city was then utilized to characterize the dynamic relationships within the network. Using the proposed framework, this study examined the crime distribution evolution in Chicago to holistically predict the short-term crimes in the different communities. The framework was found to have high predictive accuracy and significant potential in promoting proactive policing. It was concluded that: (1) as the crime distribution evolution comes from the spatial relationship changes, these dynamic relationships are critical in explaining and characterizing the evolution; and (2) the social interactions constructed using the human activity data can characterize the dynamic crime distribution relationships.

Through the looking glass: memory, myth and policing the past

ABSTRACT The legacy of the Northern Ireland conflict continues to weigh heavily on the Police Service of Northern Ireland’s institutional memory and contemporary policing practices. In this paper, we argue that the tension between competing interpretations of organisational memory and the need to ‘police’ the past has contributed to a ‘through the looking glass’ phenomenon as regards the policing past and efforts to ‘deal with’ the legacy of the Northern Ireland conflict. The article opens with an examination of the contested memory of policing in Northern Ireland. We then explore how, on the one hand, from a policing perspective, dealing with the past has been regarded as an opportunity to ‘celebrate’ aspects of the policing past but on the other, has reinforced a desire to ‘censure’ the less palatable aspects of police conduct during the conflict. Relatedly, we then interrogate how this desire to ‘secure the past’ has translated into the argument that existing and prospective mechanisms of truth recovery risk ‘re-writing’ the history of the conflict. Finally, the article considers how efforts at truth recovery have been acted upon and received by contemporary policing bodies. This part of the article lays bare both the practical challenges of ‘doing’ truth recovery within a policing framework and the need to ‘secure’ the memory of the policing past. The conclusion argues for the separation of policing and ‘the past’ and the removal of legacy work from policing bodies whose predecessor force was both a victim and perpetrator of that legacy of political violence.

The National Police's Efforts to Eradicate Thuggery Offences (A Law Study)

Thuggery has increased in recent years as a result of numerous segments of the community members who were unable to perceive economic well-being, such as other community members. Street crime and crime (Street Crime) are grassroot crimes that actually worry tiny people, which is why law enforcement officials, particularly the National Police, require them. The researcher's definition of the issue is as follows: What is the form of legal protection against thuggery actions in Indonesia? And how is the effort to overcome the crime of thuggery in Indonesia? The researcher's study method is a normative juridical one, which entails analyzing the relationship between applicable laws, legal theories, and the practice of implementing positive law in relation to the issues covered.

Policing Race and Performing State Power: Immigration Enforcement and Undocumented Latinx Immigrant Precarity in Central Florida

AbstractIn the United States, undocumented Latinx immigrants’ precarious social positions are rooted in aggressive immigration enforcement practices that create a contestant threat of detection and deportation. This threat extends into the US interior, and in some US cities, immigrant policing practices rely on law enforcement officers racially profiling Latinx immigrants. Several social scientists have described the numerous consequences of racially‐based immigrant policing, but insufficient scholarship examines the role urban and suburban spaces play in constructing the policing regimes that structure undocumented immigrants’ precarity. In this article, I examine the relationship between immigration enforcement regimes, automobiles, and the suburban roadways in a previously rural Central Florida exurb. Using frameworks of automobility, illegality, and necropolitics, I show how Central Florida’s expanding suburban infrastructure contributes to immigrant policing efforts. I further show how spectacles of immigration enforcement, such as parking border patrol vehicles along specific highways, are performances of state power to reinforce racial hierarchies. Overall, I argue that spatial and material conditions—such as driving vehicles that law enforcement officers associate with undocumented immigrants on specific roadways—serve to simultaneously underscore undocumented immigrants’ vulnerability and to signal to white residents how law enforcement officers maintain white supremacy by targeting undocumented Latinx drivers.

Criminal Law Enforcement against Illegal Nickel Ore Mining (A Case at Resort Police of Kolaka Utara)

The crime of illegal nickel ore mining is a crime in the mining business carried out by individuals, groups of people, or companies/foundations with legal entities in which their operations do not have a legal permit from government agencies based on the applicable regulations threatened by the criminal sanctions for anyone who violates the prohibition. Article 38 of Law Number 3 of 2020 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining states that “Mining business actors include business entities, cooperatives, and Individuals. Accordingly, mining actors can be grouped with large-scale mining, medium-scale mining, and small-scale mining in the form of community mining. This research used an empirical legal research method to obtain primary data through observation and interviews in Sulawesi Tenggara related to the enforcement of criminal law against illegal nickel ore mining (a case study at the regional police of Kolaka Utara). With the change in the legislation regarding mining itself, the government with the Regional Police of Sulawesi Tenggara must have controlled and eradicated the illegal mining that occurred in Sulawesi Tenggara, included Kolaka Utara. Accordingly, the research problems are 1. What are the police efforts regarding the law enforcement for the criminal act of illegal nickel ore mining at the regional office of Sulawesi Tenggara? 2. What are the factors that hinder the police in enforcing the criminal act of illegal nickel ore mining? Law enforcement is an attempt to bring the ideas of justice, legal certainty, and social benefits into reality. Law enforcement is essentially a process of an embodiment of ideas. Enforcement is the process of making efforts to establish or functioning the legal norms as guidelines in legal relations in social and state life.

SECURITY MANAGEMENT OF THE POLDA METRO JAYA COMMAND HEADQUARTERS IN ANTICIPATING DEMO ANARCHIST

This study discusses the process of tactical security efforts at Polda Metro Jaya Command Headquarters which focus on security, analysis of constraints and impacts faced in implementing physical security management at Polda Metro Jaya Command Headquarters in anticipation of anarchic demonstrations. This research was conducted using qualitative methods and using the Theory of Security Management Theory of Physical Security. This study found that the Police's efforts in securing the implementation of physical security management at Polda Metro Jaya Command Headquarters are still not optimal. The government needs to make improvements and additions in the form of a security management process through the integration of elements of planning, organization, implementation as well as supervision and control. First, the implementation of physical security management at the Polda Metro Jaya Command Headquarters currently includes a security management process, a physical security process and a tactical security process. The security management process consists of elements of planning, organizing, executing and supervising and controlling. Meanwhile, the physical security process consists of security personnel, access control, fences, locks, lighting and guard posts. Constraints in the security management process include the lack of maximal some elements in the security management process. Meanwhile, the constraints in the physical security process are in the form of a lack of proper functioning of the existing physical security components and the absence of several other physical security components at this time. The third effort to safeguard the implementation of physical security management at the Polda Metro Jaya Command Headquarters is expected, in the form of improvements and additions. Meanwhile, the improvement of several physical security components currently consists of security officers, access control, fences, locks, lighting and guard posts. Meanwhile, the addition of several physical security components currently consists of barriers, CCTV and communication devices.KEYWORDS: Security Management, Polda Metro Jaya Headquarters, Anarchist Demo Background