Polarized Microstrip Antenna Research Articles

Digital Beamforming Demonstration of a Microstrip Antenna Phased Array Feeds (PAF) at 1.25 GHz

We introduce the structure of a radio astronomy phased array feeds (PAF) beamforming demonstrator. In a laboratory environment, we have demonstrated beamforming on a received 1.25 GHz sinusoidal signal and used digital weighting techniques to plot the 2D pattern of the PAF. The radio frequency part of the demonstrator includes a 4 × 4 linearly polarized microstrip antenna array, all of which is connected in series with a low-noise amplifier. The signals from the central 4 × 2 array elements are injected into a radio frequency system-on-chip digital board, which can receive eight inputs with a bandwidth of 512 MHz. Combining the principle of undersampling, the beamforming is completed at a frequency of 1.25 GHz for the offline data, and a 2D image of the beam is plotted using beam scanning technology.

Designing a Dual-Feed Circular Polarization Antenna

This paper describes a novel dual-feed circularly polarized antenna, and the dual feeding mode is realized by grooving on the antenna radiator. The antenna utilizes air dielectric material to meet the requirements of low weight and cost. Test results demonstrate that the antenna exhibits capacitive loading between the metal antenna patch and the ground floor, allowing for adjustment of the working frequency of the dual-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna. Specifically, the original center frequency of 2.264 GHz was reduced to 1.582 GHz, facilitating antenna miniaturization and broad bandwidth. With a return loss (S11) below -10 dB, a bandwidth of 72 MHz (1.552-1.624 GHz) was obtained. Additionally, the dual-feed microstrip antenna incorporates a 90° bridge, resulting in circular polarization gains of 2.26 dBi at 1.561 GHz and 2.45 dBi at 1.575 GHz. Overall, the antenna design offers a large working bandwidth and excellent circular polarization characteristics, making it suitable for a wide range of applications in satellite navigation and positioning terminals.

In-Band RCS Reduction of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Array Based on a Novel Feed Network

In-Band RCS Reduction of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Array Based on a Novel Feed Network

Broadband Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna With Customized Tilted Beam Based on Index-Modulated Folded Split Ring Resonator

Broadband Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna With Customized Tilted Beam Based on Index-Modulated Folded Split Ring Resonator

Multifunctional coding metasurface for focusing and beam deflection based on polarization selection

ABSTRACT In this paper, a full-space multifunctional coding metasurface (MS) with reflection and transmission integration is proposed to realize the independent manipulation of electromagnetic waves at two different frequencies. The unit consists of two layers of dielectric substrate and three layers of metal patch, the upper reflective layer is composed of a ring and a split ring (URSR), the middle layer is a split ring groove (MSR), and the lower transmission layer is a split ring (LSR). The transmission mode works at 13.4 GHz, incoming linear polarization (LP) waves to realize beam deflection with a deflection angle of 34°. While the reflection mode works at 17.9 GHz, beam focusing to achieved under the action of circular polarization (CP) waves. In order to verify the feasibility of the design, a circularly polarized antenna is placed at 80 mm in the metasurface -Z direction, and the gain increases from 7.5 dB to 22.5 dB. Meanwhile coding metasurface and circularly polarized microstrip antennas is fabricated and measured, and the results are consistent with the simulation results. The proposed method provides the possibility of high-rate transmission of information of multifunctional devices in communication systems.

Wideband Co-Linearly Polarized Microstrip Antenna for In-Band Full-Duplex Systems Using Two Parallel L-Probes

Wideband Co-Linearly Polarized Microstrip Antenna for In-Band Full-Duplex Systems Using Two Parallel L-Probes

An improved design of circularly polarized microstrip antenna for 5G communication

This research paper explores the performance of four circularly polarized microstrip antenna designs tailored for 5G applications. As 5G technology continues to advance, antenna design is pivotal in realizing its potential. The designs, labeled Design 1 through 4, undergo rigorous analysis, encompassing axial ratio, gain, and impedance bandwidth. Notably, Designs 2 and 3, featuring strategic slot cuts, exhibit strong axial ratios suitable for circular polarization within the 5G frequency range. Design 4 introduces an L-shaped feeding line, showcasing unique characteristics albeit with trade-offs. Conversely, Design 1, without slot cuts, demonstrates suboptimal circular polarization performance. This study discusses the significance of these findings within the context of 5G networks, emphasizing the relevance of antenna design choices. As 5G technology evolves, this research offers valuable insights for optimizing antennas in the quest for efficient 5G communication systems.

Investigation of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna With Tri-Band Polarization Conversion Metamaterials

Investigation of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna With Tri-Band Polarization Conversion Metamaterials

Design of a Circularly Polarized Micro-Strip Antenna for Aircraft Tracking Based on BeiDou III Compatible with Multi-Navigation System.

This paper proposed a right-handed circularly polarized (RHCP) micro-strip antenna for multi-navigation system applications. The size of the antenna is 70 mm × 70 mm × 2 mm, which is fabricated on an FR4 substrate. A meandering technique on a patch layer and asymmetrical defected ground structures (DGS) are employed to achieve the purpose of miniaturization and increase the bandwidth of the axial ratio. The prototype of this antenna is fabricated according to simulations where the bandwidth of return loss, bandwidth of axial ratio, and radio pattern are further testified. The bandwidth of return loss (S11) and axial ratio (AR) of the antennas are from 1.540 GHz to 1.612 GHz and 1.554 GHz to 1.601 GHz, which would be available for L1 of GPS, L1 of SBAS, E1 of Galileo as well as B1I and B1C of BDS-3, the last two of which can be used for aircraft tracking. The relative bandwidth is 2.98%, which satisfies the standard of wide-band patch antennas.

Design of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with slotted Split ring array for Video Surveillance Applications at C-Band

Design of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with slotted Split ring array for Video Surveillance Applications at C-Band

New conception of 3×4 circularly polarized antenna patch network for RF energy harvesting at 2.45 GHz

This paper presents a developed design of a 3×4 circular polarization microstrip antenna patch array whose its resonance frequency is 2.45 GHz in the ISM band. This array is printed on a FR4 substrate of 1.58 mm thickness with a dielectric permittivity of 4.4. The basic antenna patch is a square shape inserted by a rectangular slot inclined positioned diagonally at the center to achieve circular polarization. In addition, a triangular-shaped slit is added at each of the four corners of the patch. The antenna array performance is tested numerically using two different software packages, CST MWS and HFSS. The antenna’s array size is compacted to a 22.7 cm×13.5 cm. The simulated results give good performance results in terms of return loss and gain; directivity is found to be 9.66 dBi at 2.45 GHz; the axial ratio value is 1.69 dB; and total efficiency is about 95.55% at 2.45 GHz. Then, the simulated results obtained by these two programs are in good agreement, which makes this proposed array design very suitable for radio frequency energy harvesting and its various applications to power supply different devices in a clean way for our environment.

A Ku Wideband Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Array with Low Profile Crossed-Dipole Element

This paper presents a novel Ku wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna array composed of crossed-dipole element (CDE) and fed through sequential rotation (SR) feeding technique. Unlike the traditional CP-CDE fed by coaxial cable that usually works at low frequencies, the proposed CDE consists of two orthogonal heart-shaped patch dipoles that can work at frequencies as high as Ku-band, at the same time achieving a larger bandwidth. A feeding structure is proposed without welding, so potential errors in the antenna assembly process can be mitigated. A 2 × 2 CP antenna array with wideband SR feeding network is designed based on the CDE to further expand the axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. The designed antenna array is fabricated using the multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) technology and measured in anechoic chamber using the planar near-field measurement facility. The measured results show that −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 44% (11.6–18.15 GHz) along with 3 dB AR bandwidth of 38.7% (12–17.65 GHz) and 3 dB gain bandwidth of 34.6% (12.2–17.3 GHz) as well as 11.02 dBic peak gain have been achieved while maintaining a lower profile.

A first‐harmonic push–push oscillator based active integrated dual‐beam switchable array antenna

This paper proposes a new active integrated array antenna (AIAA) for dual-beam switchable functionality. The proposed AIAA comprises a first-harmonic push–push oscillator, four linearly polarized microstrip antennas, and a switchable feed network. The first-harmonic push–push oscillator eliminates the impact of load variation and usage of a filter to suppress the second- and higher-harmonic frequency signals. By using the switchable feed network, the main beam direction of the radiation pattern can be switched between two states, i.e. θ = ± 10 ∘ $\mathbf {\theta = \pm }10\mathbf {^{\circ }}$ . The performance of the proposed antenna is experimentally evaluated. The measured results show an effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of +27.5 dBm, DC-to-RF efficiency of 20.26%, and figure of merit (FOM) of −155.2 dBc Hz−1 at the fundamental frequency of 5.9 GHz.

A Low Profile Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Equilateral Triangular Patch and Parasitic Elements for Dual Application Band

A Low Profile Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Equilateral Triangular Patch and Parasitic Elements for Dual Application Band

Simulation and design of the circular polarization microstrip antenna with CSRR metamaterial structure

This paper has discussed the design of a circular polarized microstrip single patch antenna using a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) placed in the patch section. The design used an epoxy FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm. Antenna specifications that resonate at a frequency of 1.57 GHz are very supportive for GPS applications. The design is carried out with the AWR simulator. The implementation of CSSR metamaterial structure in the patch was successful in improving the design performance compared to the design without using CSRR. Based on the simulation results, the minimum return loss is -40.92 dB at a frequency of 1.57 GHz and an axial ratio below 3 is achieved for the frequency range of 1.56 – 1.59 GHz. Reduction of substrate and patch dimensions was achieved by 36.5% and 46.9%, respectively.

A Wideband and Wide Axial Ratio Bandwidth Circularly Polarized Antenna Loaded with Circular Ring Slot

The presented model for wideband circularly polarized microstrip antenna is an improved version of the previous models which is widely applicable to satellite, microwave relay and radar. The designed circularly polarized antenna having overall volume of 20× 20 × 1.6 mm3 actively works at the impedance bandwidth of 9000 MHz (4.0–12.9 GHz) having 105%(with 8900 MHz taken as center frequency). The 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth is obtained as 5500 MHz (5.4–10.9 GHz) depicting 67.5% (with 8150 MHz taken as the center frequency). Measured results of impedance bandwidth, axial ratio, gain and VSWR agrees to the simulation results.

High Gain Wideband Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Array

A wideband high gain circularly polarized microstrip antenna (CP MSA) array is presented in this communication. In the proposed CP MSA array, the elements are designed at 3.5 and 5.8 GHz, which are sequentially rotated to form a planar array. The array elements are fed using the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$TM_{110}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$TM_{210}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modes of a center CP MSA. This arrangement achieves an axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 63.7% (3.25–6.29 GHz) and improves gain over a wide bandwidth. The peak gain of the array is 17.77 dBic with a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 53.9%. The center MSA of the array is fed using four orthogonal printed L-probes with quadrature phase difference. The proposed CP MSA array has an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$|S_{11}|\leq -10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB bandwidth of 63.3% (3.32–6.4 GHz).

A novel sequential‐phase quad‐feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna for INMARSAT and GPS applications

In this letter, a compact circularly polarized microstrip antenna has been developed with a new type of feed structure. The key feature of the antenna is the integrated design of the quad-feed network coplanar with the driven patch, which makes the antenna simple in structure and has good circular polarization performance. A parasitic patch is used to expand the impedance bandwidth, while a round hole in the center of the driven patch is used to improve impedance matching. In addition, a cavity is utilized to reduce the transverse size of the antenna and improve the front-to-back ratio. The simulation and experimental results show that the VSWR of the antenna is lower than 1.5 and the average gain is higher than 8dBic in the L-band for International Maritime Satellite applications. Due to the centrosymmetric feed configuration, the antenna can also be used as a global positioning system antenna, which requires high stability of the phase center.

Design and performance analysis of a compact, wideband dual polarized antenna for WLAN &amp; WiMAX applications

Abstract Dual polarization is achieved by putting a rectangular or circular patch in between two orthogonal gaps. At the beginning a single-polarized patch is considered. Then by using anequivalent circuit, the impedance matching property of the gap is being configured. After optimization of the length of the patch and width of the gap, a dual polarized antenna is being considered. Here in this article we projected a new technique to design dual polarized microstrip antenna for WLAN, WiMAX, wireless applications using circular patch. By combining all resonant modes we have finally achieved a wide operating bandwidth. Experimental result of the projected antenna shows the operating bandwidth of 21.56% (5.24–6.37 GHz) for (differential mode S-parameter) S dd11 ≤ −10 dB with a high port isolation of 40 dB and a relative gain of 13.5 dBi is achieved. From the result analysis this antenna finds its applications for various WLAN and Wi-MAX frequency band.

Single-Element and MIMO Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas with Negligible Back Radiation for 5G Mid-Band Handsets.

In this paper, single-element and MIMO microstrip antenna with two pairs of unequal slits is proposed as a circularly polarized antenna with negligible back radiation for 5G mid-band handsets. The unequal pairs of slits are engraved on the antenna patch to guarantee the presence of the circular polarization (CP). The proximity-coupled feeding technique is used to excite the proposed microstrip antenna in order to provide larger antenna −10 dB bandwidth which approaches 10.8% (3.48–3.87 GHz). A novel analysis technique is proposed in this paper that demonstrates the 3D axial ratio pattern in order to generate CP in the broadside direction without affecting the structure of the ground plane which ensures weak back radiation. The 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) is found to be equal to 4.1% extended along the range (3.58–3.73 GHz). To make the design more compatible with the 5G mid-band handsets, the 2 × 2 MIMO structure of the proposed antenna with reduced mutual coupling (less than −20 dB) is also presented in this work. The simulation and measured results are in good agreement, and both verify the CP characteristics and the weak back radiation of the proposed antenna.