Poison Sumac Research Articles

Urushiols of poisonous anacardiaceae

GC-MS has been used to analyze and characterize the mixture of bis-trimethylsilyl derivatives of 3- n-alk(en)ylcatechols (urushiol) obtained from certain poisonous members of the Anacardiaceae. Analyses revealed a variation in composition of urushiol obtained from the same species. Furthermore, urushiols from poison ivy and poison wood, while consisting largely of n-C 15-substituted catechols, also contain varying amounts of the homologous n-C 17-substituted catechols. Similarly, the 3-alk(en)ylcatechol mixtures from poison oak, while containing mainly n-C 17-species, also contain varying amounts of the n-C 15 species. The analysis of a single poison sumac sample revealed that it contained predominantly 3- n-pentadec(en)ylcatechols.

Poison Ivy, Poison Oak and Poison Sumac: Common Causes of Occupational Dermatitis

Poison Ivy, Poison Oak and Poison Sumac: Common Causes of Occupational Dermatitis

Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. Common causes of occupational dermatitis.

Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. Common causes of occupational dermatitis.

Identification of Poison Ivy, Poison Oak and Poison Sumac in Florida

Every year, numerous Floridians are accidentally poisoned by coming in contact with one of several plants typically found in Florida parks and woodlands. The most common plant encountered is poison ivy. Poison oak and poison sumac are also found in some of these settings. Poisoning by these plants is largely preventable. One can easily learn to identify these plants in their various forms with the aid of general descriptions and pictures and by observing plants in the wild. The purpose of this publication is to assist individuals in learning to identify these plants and avoid contact with them. This document is Circular ENH886, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date April 29, 2003.
 ENH886/EP220: Identification of Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac, and Poisonwood (ufl.edu)

Poison Sumac in Eastern Ontario

Poison Sumac in Eastern Ontario

Cross-Sensitization in Diverse Poisonous Members of the Sumac Family (Anacardiaceae)

Physicians interested in the poison ivy problem have suspected that a close botanical and immunological relationship exists among the following: Poison ivy, Poison oak, Poison sumac, Cashew nut shell liquid, Bhilawanol, Bhilawanut, the Bhilawanut tree, and the Japanese lacquer tree. This study is concerned with cross-sensitiza-tion reactions of the dermatitis-producing members of the sumac family of plants mentioned, f Poison-ivy sensitive (primary sensitization) individuals are the subjects of this investigation. So far as could be determined by interviews, none of the subjects tested had experienced exposure to other members of the poison sumac family other than poison ivy or poison oak, which was their primary sensitization.

Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, and Poison Sumac

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Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, and Poison Sumac

D ERMATITIS, caused by contact with approximately 460 plants and woods, has been reported in the medical literature. Of these plants, poison ivy, oak, and sumac are the most frequent offenders. Patients who have a dermatitis on exposed surfaces of the skin following possible exposure to shrubs or woods usually allude to one of these three plants as the specific cause of their skin eruption. Very few persons, however, are capable of recognizing these common plants and there is considerable confusion regarding the mode of contracting and treating these kinds of dermatitis. Many patients remark that they have poison ivy each year-brought on by merely walking near a plant. Others state that at one time they were quite sensitive to poison ivy but that they cured themselves and prevented repeated attacks by eating the leaves of the plant. Certainly there is a great deal of confusion regarding these skin conditions.

Acute glomerulonephritis following administration of Rhus toxin; report of a fatal and a near fatal case.

Administration of extracts of poison ivy for active treatment of the acute dermatitis caused by this plant has been widely practiced. It is the purpose of this report to call attention to a variety of reactions, particularly serious kidney damage, which may occur following this treatment. The plants which commonly produce this type of contact dermatitis belong to the family Anacardiaceae, and are Rhus Toxicodendron (poison ivy), Rhus diversiloba (poison oak), and Rhus Vernix (poison sumac). Local and general reactions have been reported in patients given prophylactic or active treatment, orally or by injection, with extracts of these substances. 1 Intramuscular injections for prophylaxis against future attacks may cause local reactions at the site of injection, as well as constitutional and cutaneous reactions. 2 Oral administration, in an attempt at hyposensitization, produces various types of localized and generalized eruptions, 3 stupor, convulsions, and hyperpyrexia. 4 In patients with acute dermatitis

Studies on poison ivy and other dermatitis-producing plant parts wherein active, resinous principles are suspended in aqueous solution

1. 1. A method is presented for the preparation of a new product from poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, primrose, and the like and pollen oils, whereby the active principle is suspended in aqueous solution. 2. 2. The new product suspended in aqueous solution is shown to be nontoxic and nonirritating. 3. 3. The alum precipitated pyridine-ivy complex suspended in saline solution is as active as an equivalent dilution of the alcoholic ivy extract. 4. 4. Sensitive patients treated phylactically with the alum precipitated pyridine-ivy “extract” were relieved by the second to fifth injection. 5. 5. A group of twelve patients treated prophylactically in 1943 with the alcoholic extract with poor results were treated in 1944 with the alum precipitated pyridine-ivy “extract” with good clinical results. Sixteen other sensitive individuals experienced a season practically free from poison ivy dermatitis following injections of a precipitated pyridine-ivy “extract.” 6. 6. Guinea pigs were sensitized by one intraperitoneal injection of the alum precipitated pyridine-ivy “extract” as shown by positive patch tests (twenty-one days after the sensitizing injection) to 3 drops of the concentrated alum precipitated pyridine-ivy “extract” or alcoholic-ivy extract.

Ice from the bottom of the sea

GC analysis of the ethanolic extract of poison sumac (Toxicodendron vernix) showed five urushiol components four of which were identical with those

Experimental study of the etiology of dermatitis venenata

1. 1. In the case of ten infants, the ingestion of a solution containing the active principle of poison ivy, did not result in sensitizing the skin. 2. 2. In the case of ten other infants, who were subcutaneously injected with the extract, the skin was sensitized in only one case. 3. 3. By cutaneous application of an ivy paste, the skin was successfully sensitized in 72.9 per cent of 48 infants. 1 4. 4. Artificially induced sensitization to poison ivy lasts a long time. 5. 5. Those infants who gave positive reactions to poison ivy also gave positive reactions to poison sumac; although it is reasonably certain that at their age they had never had previous contact with sumac. The active principle in ivy and sumac therefore is immunologically identical.

LACQUER DERMATITIS TREATED WITH RHUS TOXICODENDRON ANTIGEN

The genus Rhus contains four species which are recognized as capable of producing toxic symptoms when applied to the skin of susceptible persons. These are Rhus venenata , swamp or poison sumac; Rhus toxicodendron ( Rhus radicans ), the ordinary poison ivy; Rhus diversaloba , the poison oak of the Pacific slope, closely allied to Rhus toxicodendron ; and Rhus vernicifera , the lacquer plant of Japan and China. The first of these, Rhus venenata , is confined to the eastern part of North America; the second, Rhus toxicodendron , is found over large parts of North America. So far as I know, it does not occur in western North America, its place there being taken by Rhus diversaloba . Rhus vernicifera occurs native only in eastern Asia, and with it is said to grow another poisonous species, but whether this is Rhus toxicodendron or Rhus diversaloba I do not know. The eruptions produced in susceptible persons by all

THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF POISON SUMAC (RHUS VERNIX L.) IN NORTH AMERICA

American Journal of BotanyVolume 12, Issue 7 p. 393-397 Article THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF POISON SUMAC (RHUS VERNIX L.) IN NORTH AMERICA James B. McNair, James B. McNairSearch for more papers by this author James B. McNair, James B. McNairSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 July 1925 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1925.tb05844.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume12, Issue7July 1925Pages 393-397 RelatedInformation