Poisonous Gas Research Articles

Prediction of Safe-Zone Evolution in Poisonous Environment Based on Deep Learning

Precise online identification of safe-zone evolution has been long desired in the context of indoor chemical attack events. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology can provide great accuracy but is incapable of applying on online predictions of a large-scale fluid system due to the enormous computational costs to date. In this paper, we propose a Multi-Step Spatial-Temporal Situational-Awareness Network (MSSTP-SA Net) based on deep learning algorithms for rapid online estimation of concentration field. The dataset is firstly created by CFD simulation considering different poisonous gas release and decontamination scenarios in pre-specific domain with various combinations of airflow conditions and source parameters. Corresponding experiments are also provided for validations. The test experiments of the trained network suggest that the evolution of concentration field's distribution can be predicted faithfully in millisecond computation time costs. We hope this approach to be highly useful in most chemical attack scenarios to reduce casualties.

SUSTAINABLE LOW POWER SENSOR NETWORKS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT

The wireless sensor networks that framed using the tiny sensors that are very efficient in monitoring and conveying the information’s that are sensed are almost engaged in a wide range of applications with the from environment monitoring to health monitoring. The conventional wireless sensor in spite of its sensing capabilities requires lot of power to operate which in return reduces the life time of the sensors. This paves a way for the low power wireless sensor networks that brings downs the energy consumption, by setting limit on the modes of the device operation. The paper uses the low power wireless devices for the management of a manmade disaster situation such as the air pollution created by the vehicle movement in the cities. The system acts as an early warning for metro cities, with heavy vehicle flow, the industrial outcomes and the other causes that emits the poisonous gas polluting the environment. The proposed system with the low power wireless sensor networks is tested over a busy are to evince the system in terms of the battery lifetime of the system and its monitoring capability.

New Functional Possibilities of Fire Detectors for Residential and Industrial Rooms

The relevance of early detection of fire signs is quite obvious because due to the necessary measures for evacuating of people and material values, disconnecting the electrical equipment and extinguishing the fire at the time of the onset of fire or passive smoldering, human casualties can be completely avoided and economic losses can be minimized.A graphical representation of fire detectors' the classification in the form of a generalized scheme using all the main classification features, their advantages and disadvantages is given. The optimal areas for the use of detectors depending on the fire load are determined. The effectiveness of combined fire detectors' use, equipped in addition to traditional smoke and heat sensors with gas sensors, as an integrated approach to the organization of control over protected objects is shown.The results of development of highly sensitive two-zone sensor with sensitive elements based on iron oxide films for detecting the release of explosive and poisonous gases in the initial stage of decay before the formation of ignition conditions are presented. The use of gas sensors that respond to hazardous gases in the environment significantly reduces the risk of death due to carbon monoxide poisoning.

Corrosion Analysis of Damage Resistant Materials used in Military Armoured Vehicles in Poisonous Gas Environment

With the improvement of China’s military strength, military armoured vehicles are very effective in dealing with various harsh environments. The poisonous gas environment is very serious against the body of the military armoured vehicle. For this reason, the damage-resistant material for the car needs to be developed, and the corrosion resistance of the material is analysed. Metal and polymer damage resistant materials are selected as research objects. In the three environments of alkaline poison gas, industrial poison gas and acid gas, the outdoor exposure test is carried out, and the indoor accelerated test under the combined environmental factors is implemented to obtain the mechanism of corrosion and aging behaviour of the typical material of the vehicle. Experiments show that the damage resistant material can effectively enhances the corrosion resistance of the car body in a poisonous gas environment.

Mycobiota of juniper Juniperus x media with symptoms of dieback in sewage plant facilities area in Poznań

Abstract The frequency and diversity of fungi in branches, roots and soil was examined in 3–10-years-old diseased Juniperus x media trees growing in the surroundings of the sewage treatment facility in Poznań. Symptoms of branch dieback appeared first on the older parts inside the crown and mostly in the lower part of trees subsequently spreading upwards and outwards. Our analyses included extraction of environmental rDNA from branches, roots and soil, amplification of the rDNA with fungi specific primers and sequencing. Fungal taxa from Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota and Zygomycota were detected with a total of 695, 135 and 196 taxa in branches, roots and soil, respectively. Fungal communities included plant pathogens, opportunistic pathogens, epiphytes or endophytes, mycorrhizal taxa, saprotrophs common on organic debris and in soil, human and animal pathogens, entomopathogenic taxa, mycoparasites, white and black yeasts, taxa with antagonistic and medicinal properties and lichenized fungi. The frequency of potential plant pathogens was 2.64–33.12% in branches, 0.88% in roots and 1.29–2.93% in soil. The most common pathogens were species from Chalara, Cytospora, Fusarium, Ilyonectria, Mycosphaerella, Setomelanomma (Ascomycota) and Armillaria, Rhizoctonia (Basidiomycota) genera. The less frequent pathogens included species from Leptosphaeria, Lophodermium and Septoria genera. In conclusion, oxygen deficiency and the presence of poisonous gases in the air around the sewage plant is likely to have had damaging effects on plants infected or colonized by opportunistic and facultative parasites.

Adsorption Kinetics and Equilibrium Isotherms Modeling of H2S on Hydrogel Biochar and Biochar Adsorbent from Rice Husk

Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas that is commonly found in swamps and areas of high volcanic activities. Due to the dangers and hazards that it may impose such as neurological disorders and miscarriages, continuous innovative attempts to remove the gas are in place. A study was conducted to synthesize an adsorbent that is made from activated rice husk biochar and also hydrogel biochar. This study is complementary to that study where the adsorption processes using the two adsorbents are mathematically modelled. Three parameters were studied which were the adsorbent mass, the gas flow rate, and the gas temperature. It was found that for rice husk-based activated biochar, for all three parameters, the adsorption processes could be mathematically represented using Thomas Model and Yoon-Nelson Model. Meanwhile, for rice husk-based hydrogel biochar, the adsorption process could be mathematically represented using Thomas and Yoon-Nelson Model for the effect of mass of adsorbent, and Adam-Bohart for the effect of gas flow rate and gas temperature. Although the coefficient of determination (R2) suggested that Thomas and Yoon-Nelson Model are more appropriate to be used to model the latter two parameters, because the exit concentration reached the point when it was greater than half the inlet concentration well before 0-th second, the linearly regressed equation became mathematically inconsistent with the isotherm models. Kinetic studies were also done, and it was found that the adsorption processes using the activated biochar fit both pseudo-first and pseudo-second order equation. This means that the adsorption processes using the activated biochar are both physisorption and chemisorption. Meanwhile, the adsorption processes using the hydrogel biochar fit only the pseudo-second order equation, suggesting that the adsorption process is chemisorption.

Risk Analysis of Sinabung Volcano Eruption in Karo, North Sumatera, Indonesia

Indonesia is set between 3 colliding active plates, i.e. Eurasia, Indo-Australia, and Pacific Plates. The collision of those plates give rise to many volcanoes in Indonesia, some of them are active, including Sinabung volcano. Sinabung Volcano is an A type volcano with its summit reaching 2460 masl. Sinabung Volcano has been active again since 2010, and its activity has been increasing since then until its latest eruption on 19 February 2018. Its volcanic activities, including its eruption is a threat to local residents in Karo Regency, which live around the volcano. The danger of the eruption includes volcanic ash, hot ash, pyroclastic flow, lahar flow, lava flow, poisonous gas, and ejected molten rock fragments. The purpose of this research is to analyze the threat index of each sub-districts in Karo region where Sinabung volcano is located, in case it erupts someday. The method for this research is secondary data analysis which includes Administrative Map, Disaster Prone Zone Map, Land Use Map, and Population Data. Risk Analysis Table is then produced from the compilation of the data, which shows the threat index of each sub-district. The Risk Analysis Table serves a guide to develop local disaster mitigation and to educate the local residents, providing a more directed and more prepared mitigation and evacuation. Sustainable Development Goals 11, especially in indicator 11.B, strongly implies that sustainable cities & communities require disaster risk reduction strategies. Based on the analysis, several sub-districts, i.e. Payung, Tiganderket, Simpang Empat, and Naman Teran are categorized as regions with high threat index.

The Effects of Zn/Natural Zeolite Ratio and Adsorbent Calcination on H2s Adsorption in Biogas on the Processing of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome)

Biogas is a renewable energy source derived from organic material that is anaerobically degraded by bacteria in an oxygen-free environment. The main components of biogas are methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). In addition, there are other relatively small amounts of gas, namely nitrogen (N2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and hydrogen (H2). The quality of biogas that is non-optimal can be improved by separating or eliminating impurity gases, one of which is hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a poisonous and odorous gas that causes corrosion, so it needs to be reduced in biogas. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in biogas can be reduced by adsorption methods using modified natural zeolites. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the natural Zn/zeolite impregnation ratio and the effect of the adsorbent calcination temperature on biogas purification and determine the concentration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from biogas purification. The adsorbent is synthesized with variation: natural Zn/zeolite ratio of 10%, 20%, 30% w / w and calcination temperature of 200°C, 300°C, 400°C. Adsorbents are characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The result of this research show that the optimum adsorption capacity of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in biogas is obtained at a variable ratio of Zn/zeolite natural 20% and calcination temperature of 300°C is 6.36 mg S g adsorbent and H2S can be purified or adsorbed up to 99%.

Analysis of the Consequences of Methane Combustion in a Mined Dog Heading

One of the most common and, at the same time, the most serious threats in underground hard coal mining, which often requires long rescue operations, is the methane hazard. It is related to the potential ignition and/or explosion of methane in mixture with air. The hazard grows along with the increasing depth of mining works and the concentration of production in mine headings. Methane, as an organic gas, is released to the mining atmosphere in the exposed body of coal. Accumulation of explosive concentrations of methane in a mine heading, as well as adequate oxygen concentration levels and the presence of a trigger (e.g. in the form of a spark) may lead to methane explosion or combustion. Methane ignition and combustion leads to a series of chemical reactions, which cause the emission of harmful and poisonous gases of high temperature into the mining atmosphere (the temperature of methane combustion in mixture with air is approx. 1,875°C, with methane content of approx. 10%). These gases are formed during methane combustion. Countering the methane hazard primarily involves elimination of the potential for dangerous methane concentration levels and application of suitable protective measures to prevent methane ignition. However, despite the preventive measures in use, there were 34 incidents related to the methane hazard in Polish hard coal mines in the years 2008–2018, including 10 cases of methane ignition in the mined dog headings. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research in order to predict the consequences caused by methane combustion in mine headings. Taking into consideration the remarks above, it was assumed that the numerical analysis of methane combustion in the mined dog heading and of the impact of this combustion on the parameters of the air stream flowing through this heading would be conducted using the CFD method. The objective of the analysis was to determine the effects of methane combustion on the composition of the mining atmosphere and the physical parameters of the gas mixture generated in this process. The paper presents the distributions for the physical parameters of the resulting gas mixture and the concentration of fire gases. Moreover, it demonstrates the distributions for temperature and oxygen concentration levels in the heading under analysis.

An Analytical Study On Air Pollution: Perspective Of The Environmental

Analyzed that the Scientists and Geographers have provided scientific and meteorological evidence of patterns of alter into climatic circumstances of the globe with the resulting conclusion that the global warming is quickly happening & the on-going global warming is anthropogenic into the nature since people continue to extremely burn that fossil fuel as Oil & Gas; Coal & fuel wood. In this paper has to recognize how obtained to that point of forthcoming catastrophe, how susceptible Indians have, particularly those who live into the environmentally deprived regions. The consequence of this alters over the socio-economic growth of people will too investigated whereas adaptation developmental practices that can be adopted into the order to alleviate impending disaster will be proffered. The study made exercise of both primary & secondary data on result of the climate change phenomenon & relevant already published data on nature & consequence of climate change into the India. Now a day’s problem of environment degradation is increasing so there is need to control over it. Explained that the magistrates has opined that the right of human beings over ecological safeguard over countenances of similar coin. During the modern India, ecological Jurisprudence is plays pivotal role to safeguard of environment from degradation. The damage reasoned towards the environment by the poisonous gases & secretions, industrial sewages, plastic squander, misuse of natural resources such as forests, soil, water supplemented through other equally significant factors such as population explosion, poverty, health danger, disintegration into quality of existence have gained disturbing measurement that cry to novel ecological ethic command & justice into the Indian

Моделирование неорганизованных выбросов пыли и газов в атмосферу при взрывных работах на карьерах горно-обогатительных комбинатов

The issues of the impact of harmful emissions from technological processes and productions in a mining and processing plant are considered. Investigations of the sources of the formation of poisonous twisted gases and dust in the atmosphere of the quarry were carried out The quantitative and qualitative composition of dust and gas emissions emitted during blasting operations is considered. The simulation of fugitive emissions of substances into the atmosphere with the definition of the main parameters of emissions during explosions. Based on the analysis of the calculations, it was revealed that the concentration of harmful substances in emissions is many times higher than the MPC, which creates a critical situation in the working areas of the plant. A comparative analysis of the project of limit-permissible emissions into the atmosphere and actual emissions at JSC Lebedinsky GOK was performed.

Design of Hierarchical NiCo-LDH@PZS Hollow Dodecahedron Architecture and Application in High-Performance Epoxy Resin with Excellent Fire Safety.

Developing advanced performance epoxy (EP) resin with low flammability and light smoke has been an increasing focus of its research. Especially, it is crucial to reduce the emission of smoke and toxic gases generated during the burning of EP, so that it meets the green and safe industrial requirement. Therefore, a 3D NiCo-LDH@PZS hollow dodecahedral structure was designed and synthesized by using the ZIF-67 as both the precursor and an in situ sacrificial template and the amino group-containing polyphosphazene (PZS) as interfacial compatibilizer and flame retardant cooperative. The release behaviors of heat, smoke, and poisonous gases were carefully investigated. More precisely, the EP/NiCo-LDH@PZS4.0 is endowed with a decrease of 30.9% and 11.2% of the peak heat release rate and the total heat release, respectively. The emissions of smoke and poisonous gases including nitric oxides, aromatic compounds, carbonyl compounds, oxycarbide, and hydrocarbons are much less as well. Especially, the maximum release concentrations of HCN of EP/NiCo-LDH4.0 are reduced by 87.8%. With regard to styrene, methane, and ethane, the maximum release concentrations of EP/NiCo-LDH@PZS4.0 are reduced by 85.9%, 90.6%, and 93.1%, respectively. The total yield of CO and CO2 and the consumption of O2 of EP/NiCo-LDH@PZS4.0 are also reduced by 64.5%, 32.4%, and 33.6%. The fractional effective dose, an index of toxicity smoke, of EP/NiCo-LDH@PZS4.0 is reduced by 20.4%. The DMA tests were performed to study the mechanical properties of EP composites, and the storage modulus and Tg of EP composites are increased with the incorporation of NiCo-LDH@PZS. The possible mechanism of flame retardant was proposed based on the analysis of the condensed and gas phases of EP composites.

Implementing RFID for Detecting Vehicular Pollution and Status Monitoring

atmospheric pollution is primarily caused by vehicles on the road. It has led to an increase in the health risks related to breathing such as asthma, bronchitis etc. The poisonous gases exhausted by such vehicles include nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and causes various respiratory diseases and lung infection. This has contributed to severe environmental issues such as global warming. The focus of this paper is to monitor vehicle pollution by using Co doped ZnO as sensing material. The vehicle pollution sensing performance of Co doped ZnO result will be remotely controlled by using mobile application. Is uses RFID technology to monitor pollution level on roads and level of various categories of pollutants is measured by this technique.

A review of combined economic emission dispatch for optimal power dispatch with renewable energy

This paper provides comprehensive review of recent formulation and solution of combined economic emission dispatch problem considering renewable energy. Generally, power dispatch plays an important role in power generation system that mainly depends on the fossil fuels. Rapid depletion of these sources cause a limitation and increase the fuel price. At the same time, the poisonous gases emit by the thermal generator causes a long term environmental pollution. An extensive researches have been conducted for last few decades by considering Renewable Energy (RE) in power generation system as an alternative source. Therefore, Combined Economic Emission Dispatch (CEED) of thermal and renewable energy resources currently formulated in power dispatch problem. The optimization methods that commonly used to solve the CEED problem are categorized as traditional method, non-conventional method and hybrid method. It can be concluded that non-conventional and hybrid method have great and superior solution for solving multiobjective economic emission dispatch problem. The recent research related to CEED with RE are summarized in terms of methods, test cases, conditions, types of RE and constraints. Thus, it can be useful references for the research in this area.

Neko Case and the Molecular Turn

Few contemporary artists channel the utopian impulses of the nonhuman turn with more creative energy than Neko Case. In her work, the untraceable movements of poisonous gases, the uncanny desires of tornadoes, and the recalcitrant withdrawal of subatomic particles envision an array of transits, elusions, and exit strategies so often denied to the subjects whose bodies, trajectories, and affective lives are policed by the regulatory cultural and institutional forces endemic to heteronormative biocapitalism, particularly poor and marginalized women. Drawing on recent scholarship in feminist new materialism as well as its critics, this essay considers the implications of these imaginings. On the one hand, the modes of agency that Case’s songs invoke frequently entail a circumvention or suppression of specific political interests, making them susceptible to antifeminist and settler-colonialist appropriations; on the other hand, her work potentially offers a vision of the political that refuses to take human action as the inevitable starting point for its theories of power and domination, an increasingly urgent task in an age of ecological catastrophe, when the lives of earth’s most vulnerable gendered and racialized subjects are irreducibly enmeshed in precarious planetary networks of biodependencies that include the actions of microbes, tornadoes, and atoms alike. In Case’s most original compositions, a reductionist materialism attendant to the agency of the nonhuman complements rather than forecloses an older materialist tradition insistent on antagonism between conflicting interest groups as the motor engine of history and the social.

Optimization of electronic sensors for detecting pollution due to organic gases using PARAFAC

<span>The principle point of this examination work is to recognize the butane, Acetone, Propane, ethane, LPG and other natural gases from the strong waste and do condition checking. Here the arrangement of sensors used to identify the poison gases from strong waste. Here our point is to build up a sensor cluster framework which will identify most extreme contamination gases and which is very responsive, minimal effort and low power devouring. We have assumed three sensors in position of six sensors and given the outcomes as fluctuation, score plot and stacking plot. Here we utilize the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) for identification of gases and contrast it and the key part investigation Principal component analysis (PCA). We confiscated three sensors in position of six sensors and given the outcomes as variance, score plot and loading plot. Electronic noses have given a plenty of advantages in different logical research fields. Here our point is to build up a sensor exhibit framework which will distinguish most extreme contamination gases and which is profoundly responsive, exact and minimal effort and low power expending. Here we utilize the parallel factor investigation method (PARAFAC) for discovery of gases and contrast it and the primary segment examination (PCA).</span>

New Wireless Multifunctional Smart Robot for Border Security Surveillance with Real Time Object Recognition

Fringe observation is the most significant errand in the field of national protection and security. To keep up the harmony and to guarantee security of the outskirts it needs to hold under all day, every day observing. Particularly, under the present conditions, as Illegal movement, bringing in, embedding hazardous gadget, fear monger exercises are regular difficulties happen in our nation outskirt. To check such happenings on the outskirt regions, the least that should be possible is to give a constant observing.The edge of a country border spreads to several thousand heaps for which human surveillance is more challenge and may lead to loss of human life. To overcome the problem in this paper a new Wireless Multifunctional Smart Robot for Border Security Surveillance with Real Time Object Recognition (OR) system is introduced the proposed robotics system is based on IOT and OR. This method mechanically senses the interruption form the strangers and sends the photos to the admin that categorized which kind of object is to be capture in the image sensor with the help of convolution neural networks (CNN). The multi-sensor Smart robot is proficient for sensing motion using Passive and also Infrared Sensor, poisonous gas using Gas sensor, fire or blast using Flame Sensor, high temperature using Temperature sensor, Camera for capturing the activities in the border, ultrasonic sensor for detecting any obstacles and GPS is used for tracking the location. Any trespasses, bombs, harmful gases, fire and other dangerous situations are sensed and sent to the server. This system detects the dangerous conditions near the border and saves the life immediately without any loss of human life.

Novel Computational and Forecasting Strategy For Environment Quality Monitoring using Deep Learning

Air pollution is the serious issue that one must think about and is caused by harmful gases present in the atmosphere such as Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Sulphur Dioxide etc. since level of pollution varies from one place to another. According to WHO (World Health Organization) air pollution is the fifth major cause for deaths after heart diseases, high blood pressure, poor nutrition and tobacco smoking. Monitoring and detection of the amount of harmful gases over particular area can reduce the chances of endanger to human beings and warn to take precautionary measures and do necessary remedies to regulate the emission of poisonous atmospheric gases. The present paper deals with the monitoring of the disastrous gases using gas sensor which is embedded with NodeMCU. The observed levels sent through internet to cloud platforms using MQTT protocols. The data is stored in the ThingSpeak cloud which can be further analyzed from anywhere in world. Data is processed using Machine learning (ML) algorithm called Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) which is the state-of-the-art technique in the field of data analytics and majorly used for data forecasting.

Use of the Rmocol Waste in Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Different types of wastes generated in today’s world causes great harm to environment, resulting mainly in air, water and soil pollution. In civil engineering concrete plays a vital role in construction purposes. Keeping in mind the effects of global warming and air pollution Thermocol which when treated as a waste creates a lot of trouble when it is burned releases poisonous gases causing respiratory problems causing to death. Thermocol when buried makes the soil infertile and thus cause great harm to environment hence reducing the crop production. Thermocol is a pre expanded closed cell foam of polystyrene beats. It gives non-hydroscopic odorless rigid closed cell. So we can combined it with concrete to make a fiber reinforced concrete and it can be mixed easily because of its property of light weight and dimensional stability. This concrete can offers thermal resisting property as taken from Thermocol which can be used in ceilings and walls and also due to sound proof nature it can be used in sound proof structures. This fiber reinforced concrete offers improve tensile strength and energy absorbing properties in addition with improved impact strength and fatigue strength which in uncommon in normal concrete.

Application of hopcalite catalyst for controlling carbon monoxide emission at cold-start emission conditions

Abstract Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poisonous gas particularly to all leaving being present in the atmosphere. An estimate has shown that the vehicular exhaust contributes the largest source of CO pollution in developed countries. Due to the exponentially increasing number of automobile vehicles on roads, CO concentrations have reached an alarming level in urban areas. To control this vehicular exhaust pollution, the end-of-pipe-technology using catalytic converters is recommended. The catalysts operating efficiently in a catalytic converter are a challenging class of materials for applications in cold start of engines to maintain indoor air quality. In the cold start period, the catalytic converter was entirely inactive, because the catalytic converter had not been warmed up. The cold start phase is also depending upon the characteristics of vehicles and property of catalysts. The increasing cost of noble metals with the increasing number of vehicles motivates the investigation of material concepts to reduce the precious metal content in automotive catalysts or to find a substitute for noble metals. Hopcalite (CuMnOx) catalyst could work very well at the low temperature; thus, it can overcome the problem of cold-start emissions if used in a catalytic converter. Further, low cost, easy availability and advanced synthesis methods with stabilizer, promoter, etc., advocates for the use of hopcalite as an auto exhaust purification catalyst. Although there are numerous research articles present on this topic until now, no review has been presented for demanding this issue. So there is a space in this area, and it has been made an attempt to seal this hole and progress the future scope for hopcalite catalyst for purification of exhaust gases by this review.