Interface Points Research Articles

Refactoring the elastic–viscous–plastic solver from the sea ice model CICE v6.5.1 for improved performance

Abstract. This study focuses on the performance of the elastic–viscous–plastic (EVP) dynamical solver within the sea ice model, CICE v6.5.1. The study has been conducted in two steps. First, the standard EVP solver was extracted from CICE for experiments with refactored versions, which are used for performance testing. Second, one refactored version was integrated and tested in the full CICE model to demonstrate that the new algorithms do not significantly impact the physical results. The study reveals two dominant bottlenecks, namely (1) the number of Message Parsing Interface (MPI) and Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP) synchronization points required for halo exchanges during each time step combined with the irregular domain of active sea ice points and (2) the lack of single-instruction, multiple-data (SIMD) code generation. The standard EVP solver has been refactored based on two generic patterns. The first pattern exposes how general finite differences on masked multi-dimensional arrays can be expressed in order to produce significantly better code generation by changing the memory access pattern from random access to direct access. The second pattern takes an alternative approach to handle static grid properties. The measured single-core performance improvement is more than a factor of 5 compared to the standard implementation. The refactored implementation of strong scales on the Intel® Xeon® Scalable Processors series node until the available bandwidth of the node is used. For the Intel® Xeon® CPU Max series, there is sufficient bandwidth to allow the strong scaling to continue for all the cores on the node, resulting in a single-node improvement factor of 35 over the standard implementation. This study also demonstrates improved performance on GPU processors.

Synergistic Exploration of Heat Transfer for Integration Magnetohydrodynamics of Nanofluids Peristaltic Transport within Annular Tubes

The problem of treating cancer is considered one of the most important daily challenges that affect the lives of people with cancer. This research deals with solving this problem theoretically. Through previous studies, it has been proven that gold nanoparticles are able to remove these cancer cells. The idea of this research is theoretically based on injecting a cancer patient with gold nanoparticles that are exposed to a magnetic field. When these particles penetrate cancerous cells and are exposed to a magnetic field, this causes their temperature to rise. The high temperature of the nanometer gold particles that penetrate the cells of the affected body leads to the explosion of the cancer cells. In this research, the various external forces that affect the flow movement of the nanofluid are studied and how its physical and thermal properties are affected by those external forces. The MHD peristaltic flow of a nanofluid in an annulus pipe as a result of the effect of the wall properties has been investigated. This has been achieved through slip and thermal conditions. Wave velocity leads to flow development. The inner annulus wall is rigid, while the outer wall of the artery moves under the influence of wave peristaltic movement. The nonlinear equations that describe the flow are solved under long-wavelength assumptions. The results were compared with other numerical methods, such as finite volume and finite element and the long wavelength method and proved to be accurate and effective. The expressions of pressure difference, velocity, stream function, wall shear stress, and temperature are analyzed. It is noted that the flow velocity increases with the Knudsen number, and the increased source heat suggests an increased temperature. The increasing amplitude ratio at most of the interface points between the artery wall and the catheter results in increased velocity. The streamlines are affected by the magnetic field, as increasing the influencing magnetic field leads to a decrease in flow lines. It is observed that this stress decreases when nanoparticles increase, in contrast to the effect of the magnetic field and also the occurrence of slipping. It was found that the mass of the wall cells relative to their area works to decrease the pressure difference, in contrast to the tension between those cells, which works to increase the pressure difference. Without slipping and with slipping , the temperature decreases with increasing in nanoparticle concentration . The temperature also increases with the amplitude ratio . This strongly affects the generated drag on the catheter wall, which is mainly responsible for the enhanced temperature on this wall.

Analysis of the exponential stability of a beam-string-beam transmission problem with local damping on the string

We consider a beam-string-beam problem, where two undamped beams are coupled to a locally damped string (first by a damping of frictional type and then by one of Kelvin–Voigt (K–V) type) by transmission conditions. We show that for this structure, the dissipation produced by the frictional part is strong enough to produce an exponential decay of the solution no matter how small is its size, but the semigroup associated with the system is not exponentially stable when we apply a some localized K–V damping on the string, given by a suitable discontinuous function and certain condition under the length of the parts of the structure. However, when we impose hinged conditions on the beams on the interface points, the dissipation produced by a some localized K–V damping, given by a suitable continuous function, is strong enough to produce an exponential decay of the system solution. For the proof of these three results we use a frequency-domain method of semigroup theory, where in the proofs of exponential stability we also use a contradiction argument.

Conditions of successful treatment referral practices with justice-involved youth: Qualitative insights from probation and service provider staff involved in JJ-TRIALS

IntroductionCompared to the general U.S. adolescent population, young people involved in the juvenile justice system are at greater risk of experiencing substance use (SU) issues. There are critical opportunities across the juvenile justice continuum, at points of interface with community-based treatment services, to screen and assess for SU issues, identify unmet treatment needs, and refer those in need to treatment. The treatment referral process is, however, complex, and contingent on a seamless nexus between juvenile justice operations and the wider treatment provider landscape. Given the lack of successful SU referrals among justice-involved youth and the variable referral rates across jurisdictions, this study's aim is to provide a qualitative, explanatory understanding of the conditions that together contribute to successful referring practices. MethodsThe study is based on an analysis of a qualitative dataset comprising focus group data with probation and community-based behavioral health treatment staff working in 31 sites in 6 different states as part of the clustered randomized trial of an organizational change intervention known as JJ-TRIALS (Juvenile Justice Translational Research on Interventions for Adolescents in the Legal System). The data contain respondents' narratives on the achievements, successes, and challenges with implementing the intervention. The data were analyzed through a combination of strategies to identify the conditions that both facilitate and impede referral processes between probation offices and community-based SU treatment providers. ResultsParticipants across sites discussed the positive impacts that the JJ-TRIALS intervention had on their improved ability to communicate, collaborate, and collect data. From the interviews, seven main conditions were observed to contribute to successful SU treatment referral practices: (1) communication (inter-organizational); (2) collaboration; (3) data-driven practices; (4) family engagement; (5) institutionalized policy and referral documentation; (6) efficient referral policies and procedures; and (7) suitable and accessible system of treatment providers. ConclusionFindings highlight the value of a holistic understanding of successful treatment referrals for justice-involved youth and help inform research and practice efforts to identify and measure the many dimensions of referral-making at the interface of juvenile probation and behavioral health services.

Efficiently solving fractional delay differential equations of variable order via an adjusted spectral element approach

This paper presents a new approach for solving fractional delay differential equations of variable order using the spectral element method. The proposed method overcomes the limitations of traditional spectral methods, such as poor approximation in long intervals and inefficiency in high degrees. By introducing a variable order differentiation matrix and using basic Lagrangian functions to approximate the solution in each element, the method achieves high accuracy and efficiency. A penalty method is also applied to minimize the jump of fluxes at interface points, and the effectiveness of this approach is analyzed. Finally, three benchmark problems are solved, and the convergence analysis demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. In essence, this paper offers a significant contribution to the literature on fractional differential equations and their numerical solution methodologies.

Safety management systems in multimodal transport networks: the case of commercial port infrastructures

The aim of the present work is to propose an original approach to the design of Safety Management Systems of multimodal transport networks, taking account of rules already used, or being tested, in the aeronautical, railway and road-motorway fields. This research, in particular, aims to analyze the specific case of commercial ports, which are configured as natural hubs in logistics chains and, as such, as points of intersection and interface between different carriers. Due to their intrinsic characteristics (multi-modality, multi-scale, multi-risk, multi-functionality), ports are configured not only as nerve nodes of large-scale transport networks but to be themselves complex networks characterized by multiplicity and diversity of inherent technical rules related to safety of infrastructures. Therefore, the purpose of the work consists of developing a context analysis of the port sector, capturing and analyzing its most relevant and distinctive features, in order to formulate and discuss hypotheses for the implementation of SMS focused on the infrastructural assets of ports. Note that such type of SMS can be therefore strategic in order to be usable as decision tool for the management activities defined in the Regulatory Plans of the Port System.

Co-existence of hematological disease in cardiac patients presented with chest pain

Abstract Introduction The important association between hematological disorders and cardiovascular system originates within multiple points of interface, ranging from heart and its structural constituents, coronary arteries and veins, cerebrovascular, pulmonary and peripheral vasculature. Any anomaly of either of the blood components can severely affect the blood flow and blood viscosity which finally leads to thrombosis. Objective This study will help clinicians to evaluate those patients having hematological abnormality and are having potential prothrombotic state due to abnormal hemostasis. Rationale Introducing cardiac health screening in patients with any hematological disease can improve the quality of life of these patients. Material and methods This cross sectional analytical study was conducted in hematology Department of Peshawar institute of Cardiology after approval from hospital ethical and research committee. Study duration was 6 months. All patients were subjected to detailed history, clinical examination. Demographic (Age, Gender) and relevant clinical information. Investigation like CBC, coagulation profile, hemolytic profile, Chest X-ray, ECG, Echo, Angiography findings were used to monitor patient’s clinical status. Results Out of 43 patients, 08 cases (18.60%) presented were of benign hematological disorder and the rest 35 cases (81.40%) presented with malignant hematological disorders. A significant P- value of (0.000) was observed in patients with malignant hematological disorder in association with benign hematological disorders. Conclusion From our study findings, several local and international platforms data, it can be concluded that those hematological abnormalities which have direct or indirect association with thromboembolic events can present with cardiac manifestation in the form of chest pain or acute myocardial injury at any stage of disease process. Therefore, clinicians must evaluate patients having hematological abnormality and are having potential prothrombotic state due to abnormal hemostasis for cardiac manifestation of the disease as well.

Solution of MHD-stokes flow in an L-shaped cavity with a local RBF-supported finite difference

One of the popular meshless methods for solving governing equations in applied sciences is a local radial basis function-finite difference (RBF-FD). In this paper, we proposed a new idea for an L- shaped (or like T- and Z-shaped) domain based on the domain decomposition. RBF-FD formulation is used at the interface points to get a better solution, while the classical FD is applied to all sub-regions. We use the algorithm based on the Gaussian-RBF (RBF-GA) in the stable calculation of the weights to avoid choosing optimal shape parameters. Stencil size is considered the nearest n-points (9,12,15) and benchmark results are presented for divided-lid driven cavity. Further, Navier–Stokes equations adding the Lorentz force term with Stokes approximation for a single-lid L-shaped cavity exposed to inclined magnetic field are solved by the devised numerical method. The flow structure is analyzed in aspect of streamline topology under the various magnetic field rotation (0∘≤α≤90∘ ) and its strength (M=10,30,50,100 ).

Influence of the Use of Transepithelial Abutments vs. Titanium Base Abutments on Microgap Formation at the Dental Implant-Abutment Interface: An In Vitro Study.

Sixty conical connection dental implants were divided into two groups (n = 30). The control group consisted of three-unit bridge monolithic zirconia connected to two implants by a transepithelial abutment. The test group consisted of monolithic zirconia three-unit restoration connected to two implants directly by a titanium base (Ti-base) abutment. The sample was subjected to thermocycling (10,000 cycles at 5 °C to 55 °C, dwelling time 50 s) and chewing simulation (300,000 cycles, under 200 N at frequencies of 2 Hz, at a 30° angle). The microgap was evaluated at six points (mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, lingual, and distolingual) of each implant-abutment interface by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U tests (p > 0.05). The SEM analysis showed a smaller microgap at the implant-abutment interface in the control group (0.270 μm) than in the test group (3.902 μm). Statistically significant differences were observed between both groups (p < 0.05). The use or not of transepithelial abutments affects the microgap size. The transepithelial abutments group presented lower microgap values at the interface with the implant than the Ti-base group in monolithic zirconia partial implant-supported fixed prostheses. However, both groups had microgap values within the clinically acceptable range.

11-th order of accuracy for numerical solution of 3-D Poisson equation with irregular interfaces on unfitted Cartesian meshes

For the first time the optimal local truncation error method (OLTEM) with 125-point stencils and unfitted Cartesian meshes has been developed in the general 3-D case for the Poisson equation for heterogeneous materials with smooth irregular interfaces. The 125-point stencils equations that are similar to those for quadratic finite elements are used for OLTEM. The interface conditions for OLTEM are imposed as constraints at a small number of interface points and do not require the introduction of additional unknowns, i.e., the sparse structure of global discrete equations of OLTEM is the same for homogeneous and heterogeneous materials. The stencils coefficients of OLTEM are calculated by the minimization of the local truncation error of the stencil equations. These derivations include the use of the Poisson equation for the relationship between the different spatial derivatives. Such a procedure provides the maximum possible accuracy of the discrete equations of OLTEM. In contrast to known numerical techniques with quadratic elements and third order of accuracy on conforming and unfitted meshes, OLTEM with the 125-point stencils provides 11-th order of accuracy, i.e., an extremely large increase in accuracy by 8 orders for similar stencils. The numerical results show that OLTEM yields much more accurate results than high-order finite elements with much wider stencils. The increased numerical accuracy of OLTEM leads to an extremely large increase in computational efficiency.Also, a new post-processing procedure with the 125-point stencil has been developed for the calculation of the spatial derivatives of the primary function. The post-processing procedure includes the minimization of the local truncation error and the use of the Poisson equation. It is demonstrated that the use of the partial differential equation (PDE) for the 125-point stencils improves the accuracy of the spatial derivatives by 6 orders compared to post-processing without the use of PDE as in existing numerical techniques. At an accuracy of 0.1% for the spatial derivatives, OLTEM reduces the number of degrees of freedom by 900−4⋅106 times compared to quadratic finite elements. The developed post-processing procedure can be easily extended to unstructured meshes and can be independently used with existing post-processing techniques (e.g., with finite elements).

Simulation of heat conduction in complex domains of multi-material composites using a meshless method

Several engineering applications involve complex materials with significant and discontinuous variations in thermophysical properties. These include materials for thermal storage, biological tissues, etc. For such applications, numerical simulations must exercise care in not smearing the interfaces by interpolating variables across the interfaces of subdomains. In this paper, we describe a high accuracy meshless method that uses domain decomposition and cloud-based interpolation of scattered data to solve heat conduction in such situations. The method is applicable to both steady state and transient problems. However, we have considered here only steady state heat conduction in complex domains. The polyharmonic spline (PHS) function with appended polynomial of prescribed degree is used for discretization. Flux balance condition must be satisfied at the interface points and the clouds of interpolation points are restricted to be within respective domains. Compared with previously proposed meshless algorithms with domain decomposition, the cloud-based interpolations are numerically better conditioned, and achieve high accuracy through the appended polynomial. The accuracy of the algorithm is demonstrated in several two and three dimensional problems using manufactured solutions with sharp discontinuity in thermal conductivity. Subsequently, we demonstrate the applicability of the algorithm to solve heat conduction in complex domains with practical boundary conditions and internal heat generation. Systematic computations with varying conductivity ratios, interpoint spacing and polynomial degree are performed to investigate the accuracy of the algorithm.

TikTok as Television

As much as users and advertisers have flocked to it, TikTok has been a success. To this point, research on TikTok has been concerned with the nature of TikTok texts and the ways that laterally organized networks on TikTok have intermedia interface points. Instead of focusing on the text or the authors, this article argues that Raymond Williams concept of flow is critical for an initial characterization of a social media platform, proposing and implementing a Markov process model for critical media studies of the experience of TikTok flow. The result of this analysis challenges many commonly held ideas about what TikTok “is” and offers evidence that TikTok is television, not social media. We argue that this shift of perspective is important for advancing understanding of this platform.

Fractional melting process in inclined containers using (NePCM) and hybrid nanoparticles

Using substances of high latent heat such as phase change materials is a perfect technique in the energy storage units. Additionally, examining the heat transport and melting process for these materials is beneficial for a wide variety of solar-related applications. Therefore, this study aims to examine the time-dependent fractional melting process within inclined containers filled with Nanoparticles-enhanced Phase-Change Materials (NePCM) via the model of the enthalpy-porosity. The used NePCM is octadecane and the fractional derivatives are considered for all the time-dependent variables, namely, velocities, temperature and liquid fraction. The Caputo definition is applied to estimate the non-integer derivatives and the fractional order takes the values between 0.75 and 0.95. The solution methodology is depending on the Finite Volume technique with SIMPLE approach. The range of the Fourier number is between 0.05 and 0.4 and the resulting data is presented in terms of melting interface, liquid fraction, streamlines, isotherms and heat transfer rate. The main findings revealed that the influences of order of the fractional derivatives more significant at the higher values of the Fourier number and the melting interface points move towards the heated wall as order of the fractional derivatives is reduced. Also, at higher values of the fractional derivative's order (0.9), the maximizing of inclination angle causes a diminishing in the rate of the heat transfer.

Comparing the Efficiency of Two Types of Yard Layout in Container Terminals

Traditional container terminals usually use a horizontal yard layout, while automated container terminals usually use a vertical yard layout. The two types of yard layout perform differently in the vehicle travel routes, the handling interface points of vehicles and yard cranes, and the yard cranes travel routes. These differences result in the different indicators between the two types of yard layout, such as yard utilization, average vehicle travel routes, average yard crane travel distance, and overall terminal efficiency etc. This paper uses an analytic method to quantify these indicators of the two types of yard layout. Based on the analysis results, the terminal efficiency is approximated by a queuing network from the overall operations. In the experiment studies, we first evaluate the indicators of the two types of yard layout, respectively. Then, we change the length and width of the yard to compare the efficiency of the two types of yard layout in various yard sizes. Finally, the overall terminal efficiency is compared. Results show that the overall efficiency is significantly affected by the service rate of yard cranes. The results in this paper may provide references for terminal yard design.

The Applications of Interface Design and User Experience in Virtual Reality

With the rapid development of science and technology, the application of Virtual Reality (VR) technology is becoming more and more widespread. With its immersion, interactivity and expandability, VR technology has become a promising technology with broad application prospects. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the factors that influence user experience in the design of user interface in VR environment, and to summarize the key points of VR user interface design in different application areas. The article will take interface design and user experience as the starting point to compare different user interface modes and their impact on user experience in VR environment; meanwhile, the design points of VR user interface in education field and game field and the impact factors on user experience in different scenarios are compared and summarized respectively. The final part of the article summarizes the user interface in VR environment in education and game field, and provides an outlook on the future improvement and enhancement of user experience in VR scenario.

MILP Model for Optimal Day-Ahead PDS Scheduling Considering TSO-DSO Interconnection Power Flow Commitment Under Uncertainty

We propose a comprehensive framework for the optimal day-ahead scheduling of power distribution systems (PDS), based on a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. The interaction between transmission system operator (TSO) and distribution system operator (DSO) is considered, where TSO informs DSO of the day-ahead forecast concerning the expected power flow (PF) commitment at the TSO-DSO interconnection points and the violation costs. We propose a MILP model to determine the optimal voltage and power settings of distributed energy resources (DERs), such as dispatchable distributed generators and energy storage units and optimal adjustments of capacitor banks controlled by current. The objective function includes the minimization of energy losses, voltage violations, power curtailment of DERs using volt-watt strategy, and violation of TSO-DSO interconnection PF commitment. Furthermore, we propose a method to estimate the degree of uncertainty in the PF commitment. Therefore, the proposed method can help achieve an optimal operation of the distribution system; in addition, the TSO can best model uncertainty at TSO-DSO interface points and thereby procure reduced amounts of resources to address these uncertainties. Numerical results obtained for a system based on real data highlight the several potential applications of the proposed framework.

Numerical investigation of the effects of model and operator uncertainties on component-based transfer path analysis methods with substructuring applied to aircraft-like components

Hydraulic pumps are considered to have a major contribution to the structure borne noise generated inside aircrafts. Methods such as Component-Based Transfer Path Analysis (CB-TPA) are promising tools for aircraft manufacturers to build internal processes for the specification, design and validation of the impact of vibrating systems on new aircrafts. However, the experimental applicability of these methods remains limited due to some experimental difficulties. CB-TPA' formulation is based on dynamical quantities, which require the determination of terms related to rotational degrees of freedom. Virtual Point (VP) or Equivalent Multi-Point Connection (EMPC) methods are commonly employed for this purpose, but both result in more cumbersome experimental set-ups and increased measurement uncertainties. The implementation of these methods is difficult in the case of a flat and thin receiving structure as commonly encountered in aircraft applications, since in-plane translational excitations have to be applied and the access to the vibrating system/structure interface points is limited. In this work, a decoupling procedure is used to overcome these issues. A numerical model is used to investigate the influence of model and operator uncertainties on the CB-TPA' predictions, when the dynamical quantities are provided by VP and EMPC methods including the decoupling procedure.

A Lattice Boltzmann Front-Tracking Interface Capturing Method based on Neural Network for Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow

This paper presents a new method that accurately captures the interface of gas–liquid two-phase flow using a neural network-based lattice Boltzmann front-tracking interface capturing method. The motion of a single free-falling droplet is simulated using the Front Tracking Method (FTM), enabling the acquisition of information regarding the velocity field and interface points. The velocity field and interface points from the simulations are then utilised to generate input and output datasets for training the neural network (NN) models. Subsequently, the trained Bayesian regularised Back Propagation Neural Network (BRBPNN) model is integrated into the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), utilising the velocity field obtained from LBM simulation as input. The predicted LBM interface exhibits remarkable agreement with the FTM interface, as evidenced by a high correlation coefficient of 0.99945 for the ordinate value of the interface point in both methods. Therefore, the proposed method achieves precise positioning of the phase interface of LBM.

A Framework Towards Realization of Smart Manufacturing Systems

Germany’s National Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech) published its proposals for implementing the key initiative Industry 4.0 in 2013, requiring horizontal integration and vertical integration within and across multiple enterprises and end-to-end digital integration across the product lifecycle. Likewise, a smart manufacturing system emphasizes enhancing the capabilities of manufacturing enterprises considering multiple objectives, like resource utilization and productivity, necessitating the realization of the business cycle for supply chain management, product development lifecycle, and production system lifecycle. However, realizing these individual lifecycles and integrating them as part of a smart manufacturing system is not straightforward due to manifold reasons (e.g., difficult to define the interface points necessary to interact with the various systems associated with these lifecycles). The current article elaborates a systematic framework considering these lifecycles to realize a smart manufacturing system. The framework is divided into different layers starting from the process layer at the bottom all the way up to the smart layer at the top. Finally, a use case from the end-to-end additive manufacturing process has been discussed that employs the previously elaborated framework.

Computational coupled large‐deformation periporomechanics for dynamic failure and fracturing in variably saturated porous media

AbstractThe large‐deformation mechanics and multiphysics of continuous or fracturing partially saturated porous media under static and dynamic loads are significant in engineering and science. This article is devoted to a computational coupled large‐deformation periporomechanics paradigm assuming passive air pressure for modeling dynamic failure and fracturing in variably saturated porous media. The coupled governing equations for bulk and fracture material points are formulated in the current/deformed configuration through the updated Lagrangian–Eulerian framework. It is assumed that the horizon of a mixed material point remains spherical and its neighbor points are determined in the current configuration. As a significant contribution, the mixed interface/phreatic material points near the phreatic line are explicitly considered for modeling the transition from partial to full saturation (vice versa) through the mixed peridynamic state concept. We have formulated the coupled constitutive correspondence principle and stabilization scheme in the updated Lagrangian–Eulerian framework for bulk and interface points. We numerically implement the coupled large deformation periporomechanics through a fully implicit fractional‐step algorithm in time and a hybrid updated Lagrangian–Eulerian meshfree method in space. Numerical examples are presented to validate the implemented stabilized computational coupled large‐deformation periporomechanics and demonstrate its efficacy and robustness in modeling dynamic failure and fracturing in variably saturated porous media.