Interaction Point Research Articles

Few-cycle laser pulse characterization on-target using high-harmonic generation from nano-scale solids.

We demonstrate high-harmonic generation for the time-domain observation of the electric field (HHG-TOE) and use it to measure the waveform of ultrashort mid-infrared (MIR) laser pulses interacting with ZnO thin-films or WS2 monolayers. The working principle relies on perturbing HHG in solids with a weak replica of the pump pulse. We measure the duration of few-cycle pulses at 3200 nm, in reasonable agreement with the results of established pulse characterization techniques. Our method provides a straightforward approach to accurately characterize femtosecond laser pulses used for HHG experiments right at the point of interaction.

Quantum speed limit time, non-Markovianity and quantum phase transition in extended [formula omitted] spin chain with Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interaction

The effects of Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya (DM) interaction on quantum speed limit time (QSLT) of a single qubit and non-Markovianity of a coupled driven extended XY spin chain are investigated. The known quantum critical points of the model are left unaffected when DM interaction points in the direction of applied field. Anti-parallel DM interaction to the magnetic field leads to a new critical point of the model whose position is a function of the strength of the three-site interaction. Overall, the dynamics of the two quantities varies differently in a given phase of the model from point to point in the parameter space. Our findings also show that the anti-parallel DM interaction results in fast quantum evolution which might be beneficial for certain quantum computation purposes.

An atomic surface site interaction point description of non-covalent interactions.

Molecular electrostatic potential surfaces (MEPS) calculated using density functional theory have been used to develop a simplified description of the non-covalent interaction properties of organic molecules. The Atomic Interaction Point (AIP) model introduced here represents an evolution of the Surface Site Interaction Point (SSIP) model described previously, in which a molecule is represented by a discrete set of interaction points that define sites of interaction with other molecules. The interaction sites are described by interaction parameters that are equivalent to the experimentally determined H-bond donor and acceptor parameters α and β. By using high electron density MEPS that lie inside the van der Waals surface, it is possible to obtain accurate interaction parameters and locations for polar sites (s-holes, H-bond donors and acceptors), which are identified as local maxima and minima on the MEPS. For non-polar sites that represent π-systems and halogens, an approach based on molecular orbitals was used to assign the locations of the AIPs, and the interaction parameters were obtained using a lower electron density MEPS that lies close to the van der Waals surface. The AIP descriptions can be implemented directly in the Surface Site Interaction Point Model for Liquids at Equilibrium (SSIMPLE) to calculate solvation free energies, and the free energy of transfer of 1504 compounds from n-hexadecane to water was predicted with a root mean square error of 5 kJ mol-1. AIPs also provide a useful tool for mapping non-covalent interactions in intermolecular complexes, and examples are provided showing how X-ray crystal structures can be converted into AIP interaction maps that allow quantification of the free energy contributions of both polar and non-polar interactions to the stabilities of complexes in solution.

Thatwir Wasilah Power Point Tafau’li Li Tarqiyati Qudratu At-Thalabah ‘Ala Maharatil Kalam

Purpose- This study aims to develop media interactive power point in improving speaking in Arabic lessons, determine the level of validity of media, and measure the level of effectiveness of the developed media.Design/Methodology/Approach- This study uses research and development methods based on the Dick and Carry model with special treatment from researchers. Sources of data from students, Arabic language studies teacher and expert validators were obtained throuhg observation, interviews, questionnaire and test. The data will then be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively simultaneously with interactive analysis. The subjects of this study were is eight-sixth grade which is also called language class, with a total of 33 samples.Findings Among the results of this study were the results of the small groups with a rate of 87% and large groups with a rate of 92%, and on material validation with a rate of 100% and on media validasi with a rate of 92%. Thus media developed based on interactive power point are effective in improving thills of students in Arabic lessons.Research Limitation/Implication- the formal finding of this research is a media development to make it easier for teachers to teach, based on interactive power point can improve Arabic speaking skills for students
 

Space and National Security: Points of interaction, Opportunities and Issue of Priority

Space and National Security: Points of interaction, Opportunities and Issue of Priority

Experience of socio-cultural interaction within the framework of the exhibition project “Feodor Chaliapin — alive and close”

The article deals with aspects of the museum’s socio-cultural interaction with partner organizations within the framework of the exhibition project of Nizhny Novgorod State Historical and Architectural Museum Reserve “Feodor Chaliapin — alive and close”, realized to the 150th anniversary of the singer’s birth. The emphasis is on the preservation and presentation of personal heritage. It is of great importance for the community of memory defining socio-cultural identity both in the individual life and the whole society. The modern museum is presented as a center of information, culture, scientific and artistic life, a meeting place for various age, social, professional and ethnic groups. Within these aspects changes are shown in the social role of the museum, the restructuring of the forms and methods of work aimed at improving the efficiency of the museum interaction with the socio-cultural community and visitors. The museum initiated collaboration with educational and cultural organizations and institutions, private researchers to preserve cultural memory and actualization of the heritage of F. I. Chaliapin. Features and results of this work were analyzed in the article. There were presented examples of searching for partners, points of interaction with them, and nuances of development and realization the exhibition concept. The stages of selection and scientific study of exhibits, their preparation for the exhibition, integration of partner’s items into the exhibition space were represented. The article provides an overview of local events, processes, people’s biography who were in the circle of F. I. Chaliapin. It tells about the exhibits which have memorial and historical value. The article summaries the results of cooperation in the exhibition and media communication activities of the museum. It also considers the effect of prolongation of the interaction, which is expressed in increasing of the number of events and attracting of the public attention to this topic.

Suppressing Beam Background and Fake Photons at Belle II using Machine Learning

The Belle II experiment situated at the SuperKEKB energyasymmetric e+ e− collider began operation in 2019. It has since recorded half of the data collected by its predecessor, and reached a world record instantaneous luminosity of 4.7 × 1034 cm-2s-1. For distinguishing decays with missing energy from background events at Belle II, the residual calorimeter energy measured by the electromagnetic calorimeter is an important quantity. Ideally, calorimeter clusters due to beam backgrounds and fake photons should be excluded when the residual calorimeter energy is calculated, so identifying them during the analysis process is key. We present two new boosted decision tree classifiers that have been trained to identify such clusters at Belle II and distinguish them from real photons originating from collision events at the interaction point. We provide results from their application to the B → D*ℓν decay mode, and show that the distribution of residual calorimeter energy for signal events is significantly improved.

Study of beam-beam interaction in FCC-ee including updated transverse and longitudinal Impedances

Beam-beam interaction in FCC-ee can be seriously affected by the vacuum chamber coupling impedance resulting in a safe tune areas reduction, tune shifts and spread, bunch length and energy spread variation. The interplay of the two effects has a drastic impact on the stability of colliding bunches and respectively on the achievable luminosity. In this paper, beam-beam collisions in FCC-ee with 4 interaction points are studied including the updated transverse and longitudinal impedances.

Novel silicon detectors in ALICE at the LHC: The ITS3 and ALICE 3 upgrades

The ALICE experiment is preparing for the ITS3 upgrade, which is set to take place during the LHC Long Shutdown 3. The aim of this upgrade is to replace the three innermost tracking layers with truly cylindrical wafer-scale Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS). By adopting this innovative technology, ALICE will further reduce the material budget and the distance from the interaction point, thus significantly improving its tracking and vertexing capabilities. The R&D program for ITS3 includes several advancements, such as operability of bent MAPS, validation of the 65 nm CMOS technology, and employment of the stitching process to produce wafer-scale sensors. In addition to the ITS3 upgrade, ALICE is designing a completely new apparatus, ALICE 3, planned for LHC Runs 5 and 6. The detector consists of a large MAPS-based tracking system covering eight units of pseudorapidity, complemented by multiple systems for particle identification, including silicon time-of-flight layers, a ring-imaging Cherenkov detector, a muon identification system, and an electromagnetic calorimeter. The vertex detector is based on an evolution of the ITS3 concept aiming at a track pointing resolution of better than 10 μm for tranverse momenta above 200 MeV/c through the integration of the tracking layers in a retractable structure inside the beam pipe. In this proceeding the detector concept of these upgrades is described, together with their physics motivations and R&D status and achievements.

Biologically active compounds as a means of changing the metabolic activity of pathogenic clinical strains of E. coli and S. Aureus

Microorganisms require nutrients to maintain their physiological functions. Changes in the availability of free amino acids affect the expression of virulence factors, the degree of activity of bacteria, their ability to undergo genetic transformation, and the formation of persistent cells. This study demonstrates that bioactive compounds, such as tryptophan, zinc aspartate, arginine, tatipacin, and taurine, have a modulating effect on the metabolism of microorganisms in vitro. The study found that the metabolic activity of microorganisms increased when exposed to concentrations of bioactive compounds ranging from 0.5–50 µg/ml, particularly in the presence of arginine. Additionally, the presence of BAS in the nutrient medium impacted the growth kinetics of microorganisms. Statistically significant changes were observed compared to the control (without the addition of BAS) after 4 hours of incubation and continued until 36 hours of incubation. The study revealed a significant difference between BAS and control during the 16–24 hour incubation period (p<0.001). The modulation of bacterial activity by BAS can be achieved through various targets and interaction points, such as BAS concentration, the unique cellular structure of the microorganism, its metabolism, and the bacterial pathogen's resistance mechanisms. These findings have broad implications, including the potential for future studies to overcome antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

Insecticide treated eaves screens provide additional marginal protection compared to untreated eave screens under semi-field conditions in western Kenya.

Human habitats remain the main point of human-vector interaction leading to malaria transmission despite the sustained use of insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying. Simple structural modifications involving screening of doors, windows and eaves have great potential for reducing indoor entry of mosquitoes. Moreover, insecticide treatment of the screen material may provide additional benefit in mosquito population reduction. Four huts, each constructed inside a semi-field structure, were used in the study. Two had untreated eave and door screens and screened air cavities in place of windows (experiment 1) or were similar but with the eave screens treated with Actellic® 300CS insecticide (experiment 2). The other two huts remained unscreened throughout the study. Two hundred, 3-day old adults of F1 generation Anopheles funestus collected by aspiration or F0 reared from An. arabiensis larvae or An. arabiensis (Dongola strain) were released in each semi-field structure at dusk and recaptured the following morning. A single volunteer slept in each hut under an untreated bednet each night of the study. Recaptured mosquitoes were counted and recorded by location, either indoor or outdoor of each hut in the different semi-field structures. Based on modelled estimates, significantly fewer, 10% An. arabiensis from Ahero, 11% An. arabiensis Dongola strain and 10% An. funestus from Siaya were observed inside modified huts compared to unmodified ones. Treating of eave screen material with Actellic® 300CS significantly reduced indoor numbers of An. arabiensis from Ahero, to nearly 0%, and An. arabiensis Dongola strain, to 3%, compared to huts with untreated eave screens, while eliminating An. funestus indoors. These modifications cost US$180 /structure and have been observed to last more than 15 years in a different location. Eave, door and window screening are effective ways of reducing mosquito entry into houses. Additionally, treatment of eave screen material with an effective insecticide further reduces the Anopheles population in and around the screened huts under semi-field conditions and could greatly complement existing vector control efforts.

Recommend or not: A comparative analysis of customer reviews to uncover factors influencing explicit online recommendation behavior in peer-to-peer accommodation

In the fiercely competitive landscape of the peer-to-peer accommodation platform Airbnb, understanding customers’ online recommendation behavior is essential for optimizing competitiveness and harnessing the potential of electronic word-of-mouth. This study aims to provide comprehensive insights into the factors driving customers’ issuance of positive or negative recommendations based on their experiences. Leveraging 10,101 online reviews from Airbnb users, we employ the Structural Topic Model to determine latent topics relating to customers’ recommendation intentions. This study reveals that positive recommendations are primarily influenced by hedonic values tied to the overall experience, including crucial aspects such as convenience for exploring points of interest, local authenticity, social interaction, and emotional fulfillment. These findings highlight the significance of providing memorable and enriching experiences to elicit positive reviews from customers. On the other hand, negative recommendations are closely linked to utilitarian values focused on practical concerns such as check-in procedures, cleanliness, comfortableness, and amenities. Understanding these utilitarian factors is vital for hosts and platform administrators to improve service quality and address potential issues that may lead to negative reviews. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the significant role of hosts in shaping both positive and negative recommendations. This research contributes valuable insights to the field of peer-to-peer accommodation, highlighting the significance of various factors influencing customers’ recommendation behavior.

Optical Microcavities Empowered Biochemical Sensing: Status and Prospects

Optical microcavities are compact structures that confine resonant photons in microscale dimensions for long periods of time, greatly enhancing light–matter interactions. Plentiful and profound physical mechanisms within these microcavities or functional microcavities have been extensively explored, including mode shift/splitting/broadening, lasing and gain enhancements, surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence resonance energy transferring, optical frequency comb spectroscopy, optomechanical interaction, and exceptional point. The versatility in design and the diverse range of materials, particularly composites involving metals and 2-dimensional materials, have paved a way for innovative approaches and improved performance in biochemical sensing applications. Leveraging the advantages ranging from miniaturization, high sensitivity, rapid response, and inherent stability, optical microcavity-based biochemical sensors have emerged to address the growing and increasingly complex demands of biochemical detection. This review commences with an exploration of fundamental mechanisms and structures and then delves into typical applications in recent advancements, covering the detection of biomacromolecules, cells, solid particles, liquid ions, and gas molecules. This review also culminates with a forward-looking perspective, highlighting future development trends and crucial research directions.

A COMPARISON OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE ANXIETY IN TWO DIFFERENT SETTINGS: ONLINE VS CLASSROOM

The purpose of the study was to examine and compare the foreign language anxiety (FLA) levels of English preparatory school students in two settings namely online and in person classroom lessons. An explanatory mixed-method research design was adopted to accomplish the aim. Two questionnaires were used in the first part to collect quantitative data, and the sample cohort consisted of 234 students from six Turkish state universities. The quantitative data were examined through descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that moderate levels of FLA were present in both online and in person classroom instruction among participants. It was discovered that the FLA levels in two settings differed in a statistically significant way. In consonance with quantitative results, semi-structured interviews with 10 volunteers were done to collect further data. Thematic analysis was used to resolve the qualitative data from the interviews, and as a result, four key themes – interaction, anxiety, problems, and language points – emerged. Students preferred classroom settings for interaction since they could interact in person classroom lessons. Additionally, it was shown that technical issues such as disconnections and speech interruptions caused distress in language learners.

Simulation of 4-Leg Inverter based APF for PV based System with Effective Controller

Today’s rising electricity consumption need more robust power plants. As a result, we’re running out of fossil fuels, which increases pollution. As a result, we are shifting to renewable energy sources, which are better for the environment and save us money in the long run. Power electronic converters are being used more often in distribution networks to link RES. Solar radiation is one of the most widely distributed renewable energy sources worldwide. PV Cell is used to convert solar energy into usable electricity. Consequently, the PV Cell is applied to the converter and disseminated to the matrix later being thus constructed. Numerous controlling issues arise from the non-linear features of the load, despite the fact that numerous methods have been provided for modelling and engineering the PV cell and its point of interaction to the matrix. This exploration presents another control strategy for advancing the exhibition of these framework connecting inverters in 3-stage 4-wire appropriation organizations. The inverter is customized to fill a few needs by including a functioning power channel. To adapt to flow unevenness, load flow music, receptive power interest, and burden impartial flow, the inverter might act as a power converter while infusing power created from RES into the lattice, and as a shunt dynamic power channel while adjusting the framework’s current. It is feasible to do every one of these activities independently or at the same time. An inverter that connection points with the lattice and a 3-stage, 4-wire straight/non-direct lopsided burden at the purpose in like manner coupling might be made to appear to the network as a fair direct burden by using this kind of control. Extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation experiments prove the efficacy of this novel control strategy.

“Green” public procurement mechanism formation: International and domestic experience

The article analyzes the scope of green public procurement based on foreign and domestic experience. Authors note that the main feature of such procurement is the existence of a larger number of criteria amongst which is the environmental criteria which is used in the goods and services suppliers’ assessment process. The purpose of the study is to develop domestic and foreign experience in relation to “green” public procurement. The study predetermines the regulatory framework analysis, as well as different researchers’ opinions on the problems of “green” public procurement from the perspective of Russian and foreign practice. Techniques of analysis, induction, deduction, and abstraction in public sector organizations served as the methodological basis of the study. This study pays considerable attention to the basics of the “green” public procurement system, which are structured and meaningful, but at the same time has flexible points of interaction when organizing procurement activities. Also, more attention was paid to the environmental criteria for products and services procurement. The authors consider the experience of foreign countries, namely the USA and Germany, and also determine the level of development of national “green” public procurement in 2023. The authors emphasize that in the past year, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted a regulatory document that makes it possible to implement the basic principles of resource management when organizing and conducting procurement at both the federal and municipal levels, as well as to effectively use secondary raw materials in certain types of new products. This research made a conclusion that international and domestic experience in implementing “green” public procurement helps to solve a number of problems common in each country.

Exploiting cyclodextrins as artificial chaperones to enhance enzyme protection through supramolecular engineering.

We report a method of enzyme stabilisation exploiting the artificial protein chaperone properties of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) covalently embedded in an ultrathin organosilica layer. Putative interaction points of this artificial chaperone system with the surface of the selected enzyme were studied in silico using a protein energy landscape exploration simulation algorithm. We show that this enzyme shielding method allows for drastic enhancement of enzyme stability under thermal and chemical stress conditions, along with broadening the optimal temperature range of the biocatalyst. The presence of the β-CD macrocycle within the protective layer supports protein refolding after treatment with a surfactant.

CAISeg: A Clustering-Aided Interactive Network for Lesion Segmentation in 3D Medical Imaging.

Accurate lesion segmentation in medical imaging is critical for medical diagnosis and treatment. Lesions' diverse and heterogeneous characteristics often present a distinct long-tail distribution, posing difficulties for automatic methods. Currently, interactive segmentation approaches have shown promise in improving accuracy, but still struggle to deal with tail features. This triggers a demand of effective utilizing strategies of user interaction. To this end, we propose a novel point-based interactive segmentation model called Clustering-Aided Interactive Segmentation Network (CAISeg) in 3D medical imaging. A customized Interaction-Guided Module (IGM) adopts the concept of clustering to capture features that are semantically similar to interaction points. These clustered features are then mapped to the head regions of the prompted category to facilitate more precise classification. Meanwhile, we put forward a Focus Guided Loss function to grant the network an inductive bias towards user interaction through assigning higher weights to voxels closer to the prompted points, thereby improving the responsiveness efficiency to user guidance. Evaluation across brain tumor, colon cancer, lung cancer, and pancreas cancer segmentation tasks show CAISeg's superiority over the state-of-the-art methods. It outperforms the fully automated segmentation models in accuracy, and achieves results comparable to or better than those of the leading point-based interactive methods while requiring fewer prompt points. Furthermore, we discover that CAISeg possesses good interpretability at various stages, which endows CAISeg with potential clinical application value.

Fast Inclusive Flavour Tagging at LHCb

The task of identifying B meson flavor at the primary interaction point in the LHCb detector is crucial for measurements of mixing and timedependent CP violation. Flavor tagging is usually done with a small number of expert systems that find important tracks to infer the B meson flavor from. Recent advances show that replacing all of those expert systems with one ML algorithm that considers all tracks in an event yields an increase in tagging power. However, training the current classifier takes a long time and it is not suitable for use in real time triggers. In this work we present a new classifier, based on the DeepSet architecture. With the right inductive bias of permutation invariance, we achieve great speedups in training (multiple hours vs 10 minutes), a factor of 4-5 speed-up in inference for use in real time environments like the trigger and less tagging asymmetry. For the first time we investigate and compare performances of these “Inclusive Flavor Taggers” on simulation of the upgraded LHCb detector for the third run of the LHC.

LHC low-beta quadrupole magnets: cryogenic refrigeration capacity and improved controls for luminosity optimization

The LHC low-β quadrupole magnets, also known as “Inner Triplets”, are the final focusing magnets located on each side of LHC interaction points. The current LHC Inner triplets are NbTi superconducting magnets operated in superfluid helium at 1.9 K and use a bayonet heat exchanger to extract the heat deposited by the secondary particles coming from the proton collisions. The dynamic heat loads in Inner Triplet are consequently proportional to the LHC luminosity and due to the recent upgrades of LHC and its injectors, the cryogenic capacity limit can be reached around ATLAS and CMS experiments where the luminosity can go slightly beyond the LHC ultimate luminosity. First, this paper summarizes the history of the Inner Triplet cryogenics with the different tests performed in the past to assess their cooling capacity. Then, the different techniques implemented in the cryogenic control system to handle the luminosity transients are detailed and finally, a new control interaction between the cryogenic system and the LHC luminosity server is detailed to optimize online the LHC luminosity.